天津港南疆北围埝箱筒型基础防波堤施工技术研究
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摘要
随着防波堤工程建设向深水段的延伸,针对海底表层及浅层土体的物理力学指标较差的软土地基基础,以往国内外建设的箱筒型防波堤,结构本身不是一次浇筑而成,密封性不易达到,安装时需要大型的施工设备,施工效率较低,圆筒利用自重与外加荷载下沉至设计高程,出现圆筒偏位较大,且很难纠偏。本文介绍一种插入式箱筒型基础防波堤结构的施工工艺,在预制厂进行单个圆筒预制,混凝土一次浇注到位,不设施工缝,然后再进行拼接组装。将基础结构充气浮起,用拖轮拖至施工现场,利用自身结构通过启闭设置在基础结构顶板不同部位的排水泵调整其下沉速率,可以有效地调平和纠偏,达到有控制(标高、倾斜、偏位)下沉,操作简便易行。再用起重船起吊箱筒型构件上部高圆筒,和基础结构相连接。箱筒型基础防波堤结构充分利用软土的粘聚力和摩擦阻力来保证结构的抗滑和抗倾稳定性,利用插入埋深来提高基底的承载力和整体稳定性。在观测期得到的大量数据显示,通过这种技术施工,结构是稳定的。
在我国沿海,有大量的软土海底地基,如天津港附近海域,长江口海域,珠江口海域等,这些河口海域均是我国大型枢纽港所在地,随着国民经济的进一步发展,在这些港区还会有大量的深水防波堤将要建造,采用插入式箱筒型基础结构建造深水防波堤经济效益明显,施工工艺简便,具有强大的市场竞争力,具有广泛的推广应用前景。
With the extension of breakwater construction into deep water area, caisson-cylindrical foundation structure is built worldwide specific to the soft soil base with poor physics dynamic index of seabed surface and shallow layers. However, it is of bad water tight condition, because the structure is not poured into shape at one time. And the efficiency of construction is low as large scale equipment is needed. What’s more, since the cylinder is driven into designed elevation by its own weight and imposed loads, the positional deviation is wide and difficult to be corrected. The construction technology of inserted caisson-cylindrical foundation breakwater is introduced in the essay. Single cylinders are prefabricated in the factory, in which the cement is poured at one time without construction seam, and then the single cylinders are joined together. The base structure will be pumped with air and it will float off, after that, it is tugged to the construction site. Through the operation of the water pump integrated into the top plate of the base structure, the sinking speed is under control and the leveling and error adjusting can be easily achieved. The sinking level, inclination, and positional deviation can be easily controlled. Then a floating crane will be used to insert the high cylinder part into the top of the base structure. Caisson-cylindrical foundation breakwater fully utilizes the cohesive strength and frictional resistance of soft soil to ensure the stability against sliding and overturning of the structure, and utilizes the inserting depth to improve the bearing of the base and overall stability. Through large amount of data obtained during inspection period, the structure appears to be stable with this construction technique.
Along our sea coast, there exists large area of soft soil seabed, e.g. near Tianjin Port area, Yangzi River estuary area, Zhujiang River estuary area, which are located in the site of large transportation hub of our country. With further development of national economy, large amount of deepwater breakwater will be built in these areas. Using the inserted caisson-cylindrical foundation breakwater, the economic benefits are apparent and the installation procedure is simple. According to all these advantages, this construction technology is rather competitive and its application.
在我国沿海,有大量的软土海底地基,如天津港附近海域,长江口海域,珠江口海域等,这些河口海域均是我国大型枢纽港所在地,随着国民经济的进一步发展,在这些港区还会有大量的深水防波堤将要建造,采用插入式箱筒型基础结构建造深水防波堤经济效益明显,施工工艺简便,具有强大的市场竞争力,具有广泛的推广应用前景。
With the extension of breakwater construction into deep water area, caisson-cylindrical foundation structure is built worldwide specific to the soft soil base with poor physics dynamic index of seabed surface and shallow layers. However, it is of bad water tight condition, because the structure is not poured into shape at one time. And the efficiency of construction is low as large scale equipment is needed. What’s more, since the cylinder is driven into designed elevation by its own weight and imposed loads, the positional deviation is wide and difficult to be corrected. The construction technology of inserted caisson-cylindrical foundation breakwater is introduced in the essay. Single cylinders are prefabricated in the factory, in which the cement is poured at one time without construction seam, and then the single cylinders are joined together. The base structure will be pumped with air and it will float off, after that, it is tugged to the construction site. Through the operation of the water pump integrated into the top plate of the base structure, the sinking speed is under control and the leveling and error adjusting can be easily achieved. The sinking level, inclination, and positional deviation can be easily controlled. Then a floating crane will be used to insert the high cylinder part into the top of the base structure. Caisson-cylindrical foundation breakwater fully utilizes the cohesive strength and frictional resistance of soft soil to ensure the stability against sliding and overturning of the structure, and utilizes the inserting depth to improve the bearing of the base and overall stability. Through large amount of data obtained during inspection period, the structure appears to be stable with this construction technique.
Along our sea coast, there exists large area of soft soil seabed, e.g. near Tianjin Port area, Yangzi River estuary area, Zhujiang River estuary area, which are located in the site of large transportation hub of our country. With further development of national economy, large amount of deepwater breakwater will be built in these areas. Using the inserted caisson-cylindrical foundation breakwater, the economic benefits are apparent and the installation procedure is simple. According to all these advantages, this construction technology is rather competitive and its application.
引文
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[14]孙百顺,田双珠,张勇等.箱筒型基础在人工岛工程中的应用[J].水运工程,2007 (01):80～83
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[18]宋维善.探析防波堤大圆筒结构的安装[J].水运工程, 1999(2):41～43
[19]别社安,祝业浩,徐元锡等.大圆筒结构充气浮运计算分析[J].港工技术, 2001(3):24～26
[20]陈南松,刘雅清,苑耕浩.钢筋混凝土大圆筒下沉工艺[J].中国港湾建设, 1997(2):38～43
[21]谢秀莉.大直径钢圆筒振动下沉设备及工艺研究与应用[J].工程机械与维修,2003(1):34～35
[22] JTJ221- 98,港口工程质量检验评定标准[S].
[23] JTJ298-98,交通部防波堤设计与施工规范[S]. 1998
[24]宫云增,阚卫明.天津港北大防波堤工程半圆体沉降观测和初步分析[J].中国港湾建设, 2003(6):32～35
[2]李伟仪,卢永昌.插入式大直径钢圆筒岸壁结构的设计实践及应用前景[J].水运工程,2004(3) :24～29
[3]许英.大圆筒结构稳定性分析[J].水运工程,2003(9):21～24
[4]杨能暄.圆筒防波堤陆上推进施工[J].水运工程,2000(7):51～53
[5] Gilliane Sills,Omar Fergui,Geir Svanoe,et al. Behaviour of a Model Breakwater Element on a Sandy Seabed .International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering,2001,114,11(4) :241～247 .
[6]徐光,谢善文,李元音.防波堤的新结构形式[J].水运工程,2001 (11):20～25
[7]杨振寰.无底大圆筒在南沙码头中的应用[J].水运工程,2000(5):17～21
[8]杨联正.对大直径圆筒下沉施工工艺的探讨[J].港工技术,1998(1): 22～26
[9]张廷永,李聪.直立堤薄壁大圆筒结构的施工[J].港工技术,2002(3):35+45
[10]戴家禄.大直径圆筒结构在天津港的应用与发展[J].中国港湾建设, 1995(2):1～8
[11]王美茹.天津港防波堤工程新技术新结构的研究和应用[J].港工技术, 2001(1):73～75
[12]《工程地质手册》编写委员会.工程地质手册第3版[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1997
[13]荆勇,周锡祁,顾纪成等.大圆筒深水防波堤的设计简介[J].水运工程, 2002 (04):23～24
[14]孙百顺,田双珠,张勇等.箱筒型基础在人工岛工程中的应用[J].水运工程,2007 (01):80～83
[15] JTJ268-98,交通部水运工程混凝土施工规范[S]. 1998
[16]赵维军.大型沉箱构件预制和出运施工技术综述[J].华南港工, 2005(01):10～13
[17] JTJ250-98,中华人民共和国行业标准港口工程荷载规范[S]. 1998
[18]宋维善.探析防波堤大圆筒结构的安装[J].水运工程, 1999(2):41～43
[19]别社安,祝业浩,徐元锡等.大圆筒结构充气浮运计算分析[J].港工技术, 2001(3):24～26
[20]陈南松,刘雅清,苑耕浩.钢筋混凝土大圆筒下沉工艺[J].中国港湾建设, 1997(2):38～43
[21]谢秀莉.大直径钢圆筒振动下沉设备及工艺研究与应用[J].工程机械与维修,2003(1):34～35
[22] JTJ221- 98,港口工程质量检验评定标准[S].
[23] JTJ298-98,交通部防波堤设计与施工规范[S]. 1998
[24]宫云增,阚卫明.天津港北大防波堤工程半圆体沉降观测和初步分析[J].中国港湾建设, 2003(6):32～35