高桩深水基础桩基护筒施工动态仿真技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国经济建设的不断发展,跨越大江大河的桥梁也越来越多,深水基础成为大跨径桥梁工程中普遍采用的一种基础型式,桥梁深水基础多为群桩基础,施工中常采用钢护筒和钢管桩架设平台施工。尽管打入钢护筒和钢管桩是广泛应用的施工工艺,但对其打入过程的分析研究却较为少见。特别是对于无法回收的钢护筒,在一定的地质条件下,如何选用经济合理的结构形式配合适当的冲击荷载以满足施工使用要求,越来越引起人们的关注。
本文主要围绕钢护筒在打入过程中的下沉深度、受力情况及其受护筒壁厚、激振力的影响情况展开研究。文中介绍了结构稳定理论的主要研究方向,分析了动态稳定性领域的研究进展。主要总结了受轴向冲击载荷作用的薄壁圆柱壳动态屈曲问题的研究方法和结论,评价了受轴向冲击载荷作用的结构的动态屈曲准则。介绍了结构的非线性大挠度屈曲问题中的几何方程,平衡方程,本构关系以及薄壁圆柱壳的运动基本方程,并介绍了应力波的基础理论和ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件的算法原理。结合襄渝二线流水河大桥工程,应用有限元程序ANSYS/LS -DYNA对冲击载荷作用下钢护筒的打入问题进行了仿真模拟计算,研究分析了钢护筒打入过程中的下沉深度、应力情况,并进行了现场动应力试验。计算结果与现场试验结果吻合较好。以此为基础,分析研究了钢护筒下沉深度、应力水平受护筒壁厚、激震力大小的影响情况。为钢护筒结构形式和振动机具的选择以及深水基础施工的安全分析、经济设计提供了参考。
In recent years, there are more and more bridges that span great rivers are built along with continual development of national economy. Deep-water pile foundation is applied for great span bridges at large. Most of the deep-water pile foundations in bridge construction are pile group. People used the steel casing pipes and the steel pipe piles to establish the work zone during the process of foundation construction. The technics of the pile driving is applied at large,unfortunately,the studies on the pile driving process are unwonted. So people pay more and more attention to the economical and secure structural style of the steel casing pipes and the steel pipe piles with appropriate impact load, especially for the unredeemable steel casing pipes.
This paper mainly studied for the sinkage and stress of the steel casing pipes in the impact situation, and the influence of casing pipes thickness and the impact force. In this paper, some major research directions in the stability theory of structure were introduced, as well as the progress of research in dynamic stability field.The advances in the research of dynamic elastic buckling of cylindrical thin shells under axial impact loading are reviewed comprehensively.The main comments are systematically remark on the dynamic buckling modes, dynamic buckling criterion for the structure subjected to impact loading.Meanwhile, The geometrical equations ,equilibrium relations, constitutional relationship,and the equations of the elastic cylindrical thin shell motion on the nonlinear buckling problem were introduced. In addition, the basal theory of the stress wave and the arithmetic of the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software were introduced. Combined with Liushuihe bridge construction, we’ve simulated the processes that steel casing pipes driven into the soil with impact loads by using the software of the ANSYS/LS-DYNA, and studied sinkage and stress of the steel casing pipes in the process of driving into the soil, experimented in the construction field. The simulation results are agreed with the experiments well. Based on the work above, studied the influence of casing pipes thickness and the impact force to the sinkage and stress. The result, in this paper, provides referrence for the impact rammer choosing, structural style of the casing pipes, safety method, and economical design.
本文主要围绕钢护筒在打入过程中的下沉深度、受力情况及其受护筒壁厚、激振力的影响情况展开研究。文中介绍了结构稳定理论的主要研究方向,分析了动态稳定性领域的研究进展。主要总结了受轴向冲击载荷作用的薄壁圆柱壳动态屈曲问题的研究方法和结论,评价了受轴向冲击载荷作用的结构的动态屈曲准则。介绍了结构的非线性大挠度屈曲问题中的几何方程,平衡方程,本构关系以及薄壁圆柱壳的运动基本方程,并介绍了应力波的基础理论和ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件的算法原理。结合襄渝二线流水河大桥工程,应用有限元程序ANSYS/LS -DYNA对冲击载荷作用下钢护筒的打入问题进行了仿真模拟计算,研究分析了钢护筒打入过程中的下沉深度、应力情况,并进行了现场动应力试验。计算结果与现场试验结果吻合较好。以此为基础,分析研究了钢护筒下沉深度、应力水平受护筒壁厚、激震力大小的影响情况。为钢护筒结构形式和振动机具的选择以及深水基础施工的安全分析、经济设计提供了参考。
In recent years, there are more and more bridges that span great rivers are built along with continual development of national economy. Deep-water pile foundation is applied for great span bridges at large. Most of the deep-water pile foundations in bridge construction are pile group. People used the steel casing pipes and the steel pipe piles to establish the work zone during the process of foundation construction. The technics of the pile driving is applied at large,unfortunately,the studies on the pile driving process are unwonted. So people pay more and more attention to the economical and secure structural style of the steel casing pipes and the steel pipe piles with appropriate impact load, especially for the unredeemable steel casing pipes.
This paper mainly studied for the sinkage and stress of the steel casing pipes in the impact situation, and the influence of casing pipes thickness and the impact force. In this paper, some major research directions in the stability theory of structure were introduced, as well as the progress of research in dynamic stability field.The advances in the research of dynamic elastic buckling of cylindrical thin shells under axial impact loading are reviewed comprehensively.The main comments are systematically remark on the dynamic buckling modes, dynamic buckling criterion for the structure subjected to impact loading.Meanwhile, The geometrical equations ,equilibrium relations, constitutional relationship,and the equations of the elastic cylindrical thin shell motion on the nonlinear buckling problem were introduced. In addition, the basal theory of the stress wave and the arithmetic of the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software were introduced. Combined with Liushuihe bridge construction, we’ve simulated the processes that steel casing pipes driven into the soil with impact loads by using the software of the ANSYS/LS-DYNA, and studied sinkage and stress of the steel casing pipes in the process of driving into the soil, experimented in the construction field. The simulation results are agreed with the experiments well. Based on the work above, studied the influence of casing pipes thickness and the impact force to the sinkage and stress. The result, in this paper, provides referrence for the impact rammer choosing, structural style of the casing pipes, safety method, and economical design.
引文
[1]张鸿,刘先鹏,特大型桥梁深水高桩承台基础施工技术,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005,3 ~5
[2]张世军,钢管桩打拔桩施工研究,安徽建筑,2006,2:74 ~76
[3]俞振全,钢管桩的设计与施工,北京:地震出版社,1993, 1~3,78~82
[4]汪宏,王林,湛奇峰,大直径钢管桩承载力的分析,港工技术,2004,(3):13~15
[5]Edward L, Hajduk, Samuel G, Paikowsky, Accelerations of a driven pile and the surrounding soil, Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference on the Application of Stress-wave Theory to Piles,2000,(9):541~561
[6]谢世波,陆林强,大口径开口钢管桩打桩过程对周围土体的影响分析,上海铁道大学学报,1997,18(2):67~72
[7]Nishida Y, Sekiguchi H, Matsumoto T, Drivability of steel pipe piles into diatomaceous mudstone in the construction of notojima bridge,In: On Penetrability and Drivability of Piles, San Francisco,1985,1:187~190
[8]Motoyama S , Tsuji H ,Miyabayashi H,Loading tests on steel pipe piles of the Kansai International Airport Access Bridge,Tsuchi-to-Kiso, 1988,36(7):23~28
[9]Paikowsky S G, Whitman R V, The effects of plugging on pile performance and design, Canada Geotech J, 1990,27:429~440
[10]Brucy F, Meunier J, Nauroy J F, Behavior of pile plug in sandy soils during and after during, In: 23rd Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 6541,1991:145~154
[11]周水兴,何兆益,邹毅松,路桥施工计算手册,北京:人民交通出版社,2001,390~392
[12]徐新生,苏先樾,王仁,轴向应力波与弹塑性材料圆柱壳的动力屈曲,中国科学,1995,25(2):166~173
[13]Abrahamson G R, Goodier J N, Dynamic flexural buckling of rods within an anxial plastic compressive wave, ASME Journal of Appl Mech.1966,33:241~247
[14]Gordienko B A, Buckling of inelastic cylindrical shells under axial impact, Arch Mech,1972,24:383~394
[15]Wang R,Han M B,Huang Z P, An experimental study on the dynamic axial plastic buckling of cylindrical shells,Int.J.Impact Eng.,1983,1(3):249~256
[16]王仁,韩铭宝,黄筑平等,受轴向冲击的圆柱壳塑性动力屈曲的实验研究,力学学报,1983,15(5):509~514
[17] Sunakawa M,Kibe S,Obervation of the buckling behavior of cylindrical shells due to axial step loading , Proc.Int.Conf.Exp.Mech., Beijing,1985:412~417
[18] Budiansky B , Hutchinson J W , Dynamic buckling of imperfection-sensitive structures, Proc.Of the 11th Int.Congress of Appl. Mech.Springer-verlag,Berline,1964:636~651
[19] Gilat R ,Feldman E and Aboudi J, Axisymmetric response of nonlinearly elastic cylindrical shells to dynamic axial loads, Int.J.Impact eng.,1993,13(4):545~554
[20]Danielson D A, Dynamic buckling loads of imperfection-sensitive structure from perturbation procedure,AIAAJ.,1969,7:1506~1510
[21]Budiansky B,Roth R S, Axisymmetric dynamic buckling of clamped shallow spherical shells, NASN Technical Note D-1510, 1962:597~609
[22]Lindberg H E, Herbert R E ,Dynamic buckling of a thin cylindrical shell under axial impact, J.Appl. Mech., ASME,1966, 33(1):105~112
[23]王仁,茹重庆,圆柱壳受冲击载荷作用的动态屈曲能量准则,第十六届国际理论与应用大会中国学者论文集锦,中国力学学会编,大连工学院出版社,1986: 252~263
[24]Wang R,and Ru C Q, An energy criterion for the dynamic plastic buckling of circular cylinders under impulsive loading, Metal Forming and Impact Mechanics, Reid S R (Ed.), Rergamon Press, 1985: 213~223
[25] Hau C S, On dynamic stability of elastic bodys with prescribed initial condition, Int.J.Eng.Sci.,1966, 4: 1~21
[26] Hsu C S, Stability of shallow arches against snap-through under time wise step loads, J.Appl.Mech.,1968,35:31~39
[27] Simitses G J,Dynamic snap-through buckling of low arches and shallow spherical caps,[Ph. D. Dissertation], Aeronautics and Astronautis, Stanford Univ.,1965
[28] Lee L H N, Dynamic buckling of an inelastic column,Int.J. Solids Stmc. 1981,17:271~279
[29] Routh E J,Stability of Motion, Taylor&Francis,Halsted Press,New York, 1975
[30] Stoker J J, Stability of continuous systems,Dynamic Stability of structures, Pergamon Press,1967,45~52
[31] Lindberg H E,Impact buckling of a thin bar, J.Appl. Mech.1965, 32: 315~322
[32]Lindberg H E, Buckling of a very thin cylindrical shell due to an impulsive pressure,J.Appl.Mech.1964,32(2):267~277
[33]腾宁钧,苏先樾,半无限长弹性杆受轴向冲击载荷作用的分叉问题,力学学报,1989,21(S):591~595
[34]马宏伟,韩强,受轴向冲击有限长弹性直杆中应力波引起的分叉问题,爆炸与冲击,1995
[35]魏勇,朱兆样,李永池,轴向冲击载荷下直杆弹性动力屈曲研究,实验力学,1988,3:258~264
[36]朱兆样,应力波引起的弹性结构屈曲准则,塑性力学和地球动力学文集,北京大学出版社,1990:56~70
[37]Jiang Z L,Zhu Z X ,Li Y C, An approximate theory for stress wave induced axisymmetric buckling of an elastic thin cylindrical shell, Pro. 2nd Int. Symp.Intense Dyn. Loading and its Effexts, Chengdu, China, 1992:538~542
[38]Jie Min, Han Minbao, Wang Ren, Effect of waves on the dynamic buckling of along column under axial impact, Proc. of the Int. Symp. On Intense Dynamic loading and Its Effects,Chengdu, China,June(1992):511~514
[39] Han M B, Liu Z D, Stress wave effect on the dynamic plastic buckling of cylindrical shell under axial impact,ICM 92,ISRAEL,1992,8
[40]刘宗德等,受轴向冲击圆柱壳塑性动力屈曲过程中的应力波效应,第四届冲击动力学会议文集,太原,1994,8
[41]顾王明,冲击及流-固冲击载荷作用下圆柱壳非弹塑性动力屈曲研究,[博士学位论文],华中理工大学,1993
[42]黄承义,轴向冲击圆柱壳非弹性响应,计算力学学报,1998,15(3):275~280
[43]S铁摩辛柯,弹性稳定理论,张福范译,科学出版社,1958
[44]S铁摩辛柯,S沃诺斯基,板壳理论,《板壳理论》翻译组,科学出版社,1977
[45]刘理,刘土光,张涛等,复杂载荷作用下圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲研究,爆炸与冲击,2002,22(2),119~120
[46]龚曙光,谢桂兰,ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,北京:机械工业出版社,2004.4
[47]John O Hallquist,LS-DYNA Theory manual, Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2006
[48] LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual Version 970, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2003
[49]尚晓江,苏建宇,ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[50]李裕春,时党勇,赵远,ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[2]张世军,钢管桩打拔桩施工研究,安徽建筑,2006,2:74 ~76
[3]俞振全,钢管桩的设计与施工,北京:地震出版社,1993, 1~3,78~82
[4]汪宏,王林,湛奇峰,大直径钢管桩承载力的分析,港工技术,2004,(3):13~15
[5]Edward L, Hajduk, Samuel G, Paikowsky, Accelerations of a driven pile and the surrounding soil, Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference on the Application of Stress-wave Theory to Piles,2000,(9):541~561
[6]谢世波,陆林强,大口径开口钢管桩打桩过程对周围土体的影响分析,上海铁道大学学报,1997,18(2):67~72
[7]Nishida Y, Sekiguchi H, Matsumoto T, Drivability of steel pipe piles into diatomaceous mudstone in the construction of notojima bridge,In: On Penetrability and Drivability of Piles, San Francisco,1985,1:187~190
[8]Motoyama S , Tsuji H ,Miyabayashi H,Loading tests on steel pipe piles of the Kansai International Airport Access Bridge,Tsuchi-to-Kiso, 1988,36(7):23~28
[9]Paikowsky S G, Whitman R V, The effects of plugging on pile performance and design, Canada Geotech J, 1990,27:429~440
[10]Brucy F, Meunier J, Nauroy J F, Behavior of pile plug in sandy soils during and after during, In: 23rd Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 6541,1991:145~154
[11]周水兴,何兆益,邹毅松,路桥施工计算手册,北京:人民交通出版社,2001,390~392
[12]徐新生,苏先樾,王仁,轴向应力波与弹塑性材料圆柱壳的动力屈曲,中国科学,1995,25(2):166~173
[13]Abrahamson G R, Goodier J N, Dynamic flexural buckling of rods within an anxial plastic compressive wave, ASME Journal of Appl Mech.1966,33:241~247
[14]Gordienko B A, Buckling of inelastic cylindrical shells under axial impact, Arch Mech,1972,24:383~394
[15]Wang R,Han M B,Huang Z P, An experimental study on the dynamic axial plastic buckling of cylindrical shells,Int.J.Impact Eng.,1983,1(3):249~256
[16]王仁,韩铭宝,黄筑平等,受轴向冲击的圆柱壳塑性动力屈曲的实验研究,力学学报,1983,15(5):509~514
[17] Sunakawa M,Kibe S,Obervation of the buckling behavior of cylindrical shells due to axial step loading , Proc.Int.Conf.Exp.Mech., Beijing,1985:412~417
[18] Budiansky B , Hutchinson J W , Dynamic buckling of imperfection-sensitive structures, Proc.Of the 11th Int.Congress of Appl. Mech.Springer-verlag,Berline,1964:636~651
[19] Gilat R ,Feldman E and Aboudi J, Axisymmetric response of nonlinearly elastic cylindrical shells to dynamic axial loads, Int.J.Impact eng.,1993,13(4):545~554
[20]Danielson D A, Dynamic buckling loads of imperfection-sensitive structure from perturbation procedure,AIAAJ.,1969,7:1506~1510
[21]Budiansky B,Roth R S, Axisymmetric dynamic buckling of clamped shallow spherical shells, NASN Technical Note D-1510, 1962:597~609
[22]Lindberg H E, Herbert R E ,Dynamic buckling of a thin cylindrical shell under axial impact, J.Appl. Mech., ASME,1966, 33(1):105~112
[23]王仁,茹重庆,圆柱壳受冲击载荷作用的动态屈曲能量准则,第十六届国际理论与应用大会中国学者论文集锦,中国力学学会编,大连工学院出版社,1986: 252~263
[24]Wang R,and Ru C Q, An energy criterion for the dynamic plastic buckling of circular cylinders under impulsive loading, Metal Forming and Impact Mechanics, Reid S R (Ed.), Rergamon Press, 1985: 213~223
[25] Hau C S, On dynamic stability of elastic bodys with prescribed initial condition, Int.J.Eng.Sci.,1966, 4: 1~21
[26] Hsu C S, Stability of shallow arches against snap-through under time wise step loads, J.Appl.Mech.,1968,35:31~39
[27] Simitses G J,Dynamic snap-through buckling of low arches and shallow spherical caps,[Ph. D. Dissertation], Aeronautics and Astronautis, Stanford Univ.,1965
[28] Lee L H N, Dynamic buckling of an inelastic column,Int.J. Solids Stmc. 1981,17:271~279
[29] Routh E J,Stability of Motion, Taylor&Francis,Halsted Press,New York, 1975
[30] Stoker J J, Stability of continuous systems,Dynamic Stability of structures, Pergamon Press,1967,45~52
[31] Lindberg H E,Impact buckling of a thin bar, J.Appl. Mech.1965, 32: 315~322
[32]Lindberg H E, Buckling of a very thin cylindrical shell due to an impulsive pressure,J.Appl.Mech.1964,32(2):267~277
[33]腾宁钧,苏先樾,半无限长弹性杆受轴向冲击载荷作用的分叉问题,力学学报,1989,21(S):591~595
[34]马宏伟,韩强,受轴向冲击有限长弹性直杆中应力波引起的分叉问题,爆炸与冲击,1995
[35]魏勇,朱兆样,李永池,轴向冲击载荷下直杆弹性动力屈曲研究,实验力学,1988,3:258~264
[36]朱兆样,应力波引起的弹性结构屈曲准则,塑性力学和地球动力学文集,北京大学出版社,1990:56~70
[37]Jiang Z L,Zhu Z X ,Li Y C, An approximate theory for stress wave induced axisymmetric buckling of an elastic thin cylindrical shell, Pro. 2nd Int. Symp.Intense Dyn. Loading and its Effexts, Chengdu, China, 1992:538~542
[38]Jie Min, Han Minbao, Wang Ren, Effect of waves on the dynamic buckling of along column under axial impact, Proc. of the Int. Symp. On Intense Dynamic loading and Its Effects,Chengdu, China,June(1992):511~514
[39] Han M B, Liu Z D, Stress wave effect on the dynamic plastic buckling of cylindrical shell under axial impact,ICM 92,ISRAEL,1992,8
[40]刘宗德等,受轴向冲击圆柱壳塑性动力屈曲过程中的应力波效应,第四届冲击动力学会议文集,太原,1994,8
[41]顾王明,冲击及流-固冲击载荷作用下圆柱壳非弹塑性动力屈曲研究,[博士学位论文],华中理工大学,1993
[42]黄承义,轴向冲击圆柱壳非弹性响应,计算力学学报,1998,15(3):275~280
[43]S铁摩辛柯,弹性稳定理论,张福范译,科学出版社,1958
[44]S铁摩辛柯,S沃诺斯基,板壳理论,《板壳理论》翻译组,科学出版社,1977
[45]刘理,刘土光,张涛等,复杂载荷作用下圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲研究,爆炸与冲击,2002,22(2),119~120
[46]龚曙光,谢桂兰,ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,北京:机械工业出版社,2004.4
[47]John O Hallquist,LS-DYNA Theory manual, Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2006
[48] LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual Version 970, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2003
[49]尚晓江,苏建宇,ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[50]李裕春,时党勇,赵远,ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006