相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱温度场与耐火极限研究
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摘要
钢管混凝土柱具有承载力高、抗震性能好、施工方便、经济效果好等优点,在多、高层建筑中得到广泛的应用。因钢管外露,钢管混凝土柱的抗火性能是决定其结构能否在火灾情况下安全工作的重要因素之一。现行关于建筑结构(包括钢管混凝土结构)抗火设计的相关规范或规程均基于柱构件四面均匀受火的边界条件,但实际结构中,由于框架柱相邻墙体具有不同程度的隔火效应,可能出现单面受火、相邻两面受火、相对两面受火、三面受火等多种非均匀受火形式。非对称的温度分布使截面材料发生非对称劣化,构件截面材料的强度中心发生偏移,从而形成附加偏心距;此外,非对称的温度分布产生非对称的膨胀变形,使柱子产生向受火面挠曲的附加变形。建筑结构中的角柱易遭受相邻两面受火作用,由于受火边界的特殊性,将形成双向附加偏心距及附加变形,其受力机理与四面受火以及其他非均匀受火情况有较大差异,有必要对其抗火性能进行深入研究。本文以相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱为研究对象,分析了其温度场、耐火极限、变形等高温性能,并提出方钢管混凝土柱在相邻两面受火条件下耐火极限的简化计算公式。主要内容如下:
(1)相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱温度场分析
基于ABAQUS建立了方钢管混凝土柱受火时的高温瞬态温度场有限元分析模型,并与已有试验结果对比以验证模型的正确性;研究方钢管混凝土柱相邻两面受火截面温度场的典型特征,并与相同条件下四面受火的方钢管混凝土柱截面温度进行对比分析;研究升温时间、含钢率、截面边长以及保护层厚度对相邻两面受火方钢管混凝土柱截面温度分布的影响规律,并确定主要影响因素。
(2)相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱的高温力学性能分析
在温度场分析的基础上,建立了可用于分析相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱抗火性能的有限元分析模型,研究其高温下的受力机理,得到了相邻两面受火方钢管混凝土柱的受火时间-轴向变形关系曲线、受火时间-侧向变形关系曲线及耐火极限,并与已有试验结果对比以验证分析模型的正确性。
(3)相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱抗火性能的参数分析
进行了相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱抗火性能的参数分析,研究了荷载比、截面边长、长细比、荷载偏心率、钢材强度、混凝土抗压强度、含钢率和保护层厚度等参数对耐火极限的影响规律;提出了方钢管混凝土柱在相邻两面受火条件下耐火极限的简化计算公式;对比了不同受火条件下(包括四面受火、三面受火、相邻两面受火、相对两面受火及单面受火)构件耐火极限的变化规律。
Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns have advantages of high load carrying capability, good anti-seismic capability, convenient in construction and cost economy. As the steel tube is exposed to fire directly, the fire resistance of CFST columns is a principal factor to determining the safety of the building in fire. Current criterions and specifications about fire safety design of buildings (including the CFST structure) are all centered on columns in uniform fire, while in actual structures the frame columns may be exposed to fire with single surface, two adjacent surfaces, two opposite surfaces or three surfaces because of the existing walls. Asymmetry thermal field results in asymmetry material degradation, which would lead to the additional eccentricity. Meanwhile, asymmetry thermal field results in asymmetry dilatational strain, which induces columns’additional deformation towards the surface exposed to fire. Corner columns of buildings are generally in two-adjacent-surface fire, which would yield biaxial additional eccentricity and biaxial additional deformation. Stress mechanism of columns in two-adjacent-surface fire is different from columns under other fire loading conditions then there’s significant need to investigate fire performance of these columns. Thermal field, deformation, fire resistance of concrete-filled square hollow section (SHS) columns were analysed and a simple equation was developed for predicting the fire resistance. Three main parts of this paper are as following:
(1) Thermal field analysis of concrete-filled SHS columns under two-adjacent-surface fire loading.
A transient heat transfer FEM model was developed using ABAQUS to analyze the thermal field of concrete-filled SHS columns under fire, whose results were validated by the experimental results. The difference of thermal field of columns in two-adjacent-surface fire and four-surface fire was investigated. Parametric study was conducted to analyze their effect on the thermal field of concrete-filled SHS columns in two-adjacent-surface fire, including exposure time, the dimension of cross-section, steel ratio and the thickness of fire proof.
(2) Mechanical performance analysis of concrete-filled SHS columns under two- adjacent -surface fire loading.
Based on analysis of thermal field, the FEM model for calculating fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns in two-adjacent-surface fire was developed. The axial deformation versus time curves, the mid-height deflection versus time curves and fire resistance can be attained and validated by the experimental results. Finally, the stress mechanism of columns in two-adjacent-surface fire was studied.
(3) Parametric studies on the fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns under two- adjacent -surface fire loading.
Parametric studies was performed to explore their influence on the fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns under two-adjacent-surface fire, including load level, dimension of cross-section, slenderness ratio, load eccentricity, strength of steel and concrete, steel ratio and the thickness of fire proof. Then a simple equation was developed for predicting the fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns in two-adjacent-surface fire. The influence of fire boundary (four-surface, three-surface, two-opposite-surface, two-adjacent-surface or single-surface fire loading) on fire resistance was discussed.
(1)相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱温度场分析
基于ABAQUS建立了方钢管混凝土柱受火时的高温瞬态温度场有限元分析模型,并与已有试验结果对比以验证模型的正确性;研究方钢管混凝土柱相邻两面受火截面温度场的典型特征,并与相同条件下四面受火的方钢管混凝土柱截面温度进行对比分析;研究升温时间、含钢率、截面边长以及保护层厚度对相邻两面受火方钢管混凝土柱截面温度分布的影响规律,并确定主要影响因素。
(2)相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱的高温力学性能分析
在温度场分析的基础上,建立了可用于分析相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱抗火性能的有限元分析模型,研究其高温下的受力机理,得到了相邻两面受火方钢管混凝土柱的受火时间-轴向变形关系曲线、受火时间-侧向变形关系曲线及耐火极限,并与已有试验结果对比以验证分析模型的正确性。
(3)相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱抗火性能的参数分析
进行了相邻两面受火的方钢管混凝土柱抗火性能的参数分析,研究了荷载比、截面边长、长细比、荷载偏心率、钢材强度、混凝土抗压强度、含钢率和保护层厚度等参数对耐火极限的影响规律;提出了方钢管混凝土柱在相邻两面受火条件下耐火极限的简化计算公式;对比了不同受火条件下(包括四面受火、三面受火、相邻两面受火、相对两面受火及单面受火)构件耐火极限的变化规律。
Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns have advantages of high load carrying capability, good anti-seismic capability, convenient in construction and cost economy. As the steel tube is exposed to fire directly, the fire resistance of CFST columns is a principal factor to determining the safety of the building in fire. Current criterions and specifications about fire safety design of buildings (including the CFST structure) are all centered on columns in uniform fire, while in actual structures the frame columns may be exposed to fire with single surface, two adjacent surfaces, two opposite surfaces or three surfaces because of the existing walls. Asymmetry thermal field results in asymmetry material degradation, which would lead to the additional eccentricity. Meanwhile, asymmetry thermal field results in asymmetry dilatational strain, which induces columns’additional deformation towards the surface exposed to fire. Corner columns of buildings are generally in two-adjacent-surface fire, which would yield biaxial additional eccentricity and biaxial additional deformation. Stress mechanism of columns in two-adjacent-surface fire is different from columns under other fire loading conditions then there’s significant need to investigate fire performance of these columns. Thermal field, deformation, fire resistance of concrete-filled square hollow section (SHS) columns were analysed and a simple equation was developed for predicting the fire resistance. Three main parts of this paper are as following:
(1) Thermal field analysis of concrete-filled SHS columns under two-adjacent-surface fire loading.
A transient heat transfer FEM model was developed using ABAQUS to analyze the thermal field of concrete-filled SHS columns under fire, whose results were validated by the experimental results. The difference of thermal field of columns in two-adjacent-surface fire and four-surface fire was investigated. Parametric study was conducted to analyze their effect on the thermal field of concrete-filled SHS columns in two-adjacent-surface fire, including exposure time, the dimension of cross-section, steel ratio and the thickness of fire proof.
(2) Mechanical performance analysis of concrete-filled SHS columns under two- adjacent -surface fire loading.
Based on analysis of thermal field, the FEM model for calculating fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns in two-adjacent-surface fire was developed. The axial deformation versus time curves, the mid-height deflection versus time curves and fire resistance can be attained and validated by the experimental results. Finally, the stress mechanism of columns in two-adjacent-surface fire was studied.
(3) Parametric studies on the fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns under two- adjacent -surface fire loading.
Parametric studies was performed to explore their influence on the fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns under two-adjacent-surface fire, including load level, dimension of cross-section, slenderness ratio, load eccentricity, strength of steel and concrete, steel ratio and the thickness of fire proof. Then a simple equation was developed for predicting the fire resistance of concrete-filled SHS columns in two-adjacent-surface fire. The influence of fire boundary (four-surface, three-surface, two-opposite-surface, two-adjacent-surface or single-surface fire loading) on fire resistance was discussed.
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