大跨无背索竖琴式斜拉桥合理结构型式研究
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摘要
无背索斜拉桥是一种全新概念的桥梁结构形式,它利用塔柱倾斜来平衡桥面恒载和活载,不设背索,丰富了桥梁结构和景观之间的协调关系,达到了造型优美独特的效果,打破了传统桥梁设计理念。无背索斜拉桥虽然结构受力比常规的直塔斜拉桥复杂得多,但是,它优美独特造型和杰出的景观效果得到了广泛的认可,并越来越多的得到工程界的应用。因此,对这种桥型的合理结构型式进行探索和研究,为同类型桥梁结构的设计和施工提供一定的借鉴和参考均具有十分重要的现实意义。
本文以长沙市洪山大桥为工程背景,参照Alamillo桥和其他同类桥型的相关资料,借助平面及空间有限元分析方法这一手段,从设计的角度通过改变一些重要的设计参数对无背索斜拉桥的合理结构型式进行了探讨。主要从以下几个方面着手。
1.从无背索斜拉桥不同于常规的斜拉桥的受力特点出发,比较了无背索斜拉桥与常规直塔斜拉桥的力学行为差异。结合收集到的国内、外目前已建和在建的10座无背索斜拉桥的相关资料,根据塔、梁、索的布置形式对其进行结构体系的分类,通过大量的平面和空间有限元计算分析得出带辅助孔的刚构体系既可以减小主梁跨中挠度又可以减小斜塔柱向主跨侧前倾的纵向和竖向位移,还可以大大提高结构的竖向刚度和自振频率。
2.通过改变洪山桥斜塔柱和主梁的设计参数,如塔、梁重量的增减和刚度的变化、斜塔合理倾角的选取、主梁结构选型和截面形式、拉索在塔内的锚固位置和形式、主梁无索区长度和辅助孔的跨度以及主梁梁端连接构造和主梁施工方法的合理性等对结构受力的影响来探讨大跨无背索斜拉桥的合理结构型式。
3.采用频率法弦振理论简化计算索力的公式对洪山桥在挂索期间的索力进行测试计算,通过测试计算结果来对洪山桥索力的变异性和敏感性进行分析。
4.最后,综合计算数据得出结论、提出有待研究的问题。
The cable-stayed bridge with no backstays is a new concept bridge construct. With the elimination of the backstays, the inclined pylon would rely on its own dead weight, serving as a counterbalance to support the dead loads and live loads on the deck. It would enriched the harmonious relationship between bridge construct and natural landscape, In addition, the particularly exquisite shape would be formed, and the conventional design concept would be broken free from the upright pylon in conventional cable-stayed bridges. Though its mechanical behavior is more complicated than the upright pylon in traditional cable-stayed bridge, the cable-stayed bridge with no backstays not only has been widely accepted but also has been getting more and more applications because of its particularly exquisite shape and outstanding effect of natural landscape. So it is very valuable to research the reasonable structural system and provide some reference for the design and construction of the congener bridge.
In this paper, refers to the Alamillo bridge and other bridge of the same bridge type, some studies on the reasonable structural form of no back-stays cable-stayed bridge are carried out by using the plane and space FEM in which the paper changes some important parameters from the point of design based on the Hongshan Bridge, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The contents are as the following:
1. The paper contrasts the difference of the mechanical behavior between the cable-stayed bridge with no backstays and the traditional upright pylon cable-stayed bridge. Referring to the information about the ten congener bridge built and building and classifying the structure system according to the different disposal form of the towers, the girders and the cables, it draws a conclusion that rigid structure with auxiliary span can minishes both the deflection at the middle of girder’s span and the longitudinal and the vertical displacement of the inclined pylon leaning to the side of the main span. At the same time, it can also increase the vertical stiffness and the natural logarithm of the structure.
2. This paper researches the rational structural system of the large span cable-stayed bridge with no backstays by changing the design parameters of the Hongshan bridge’s pylon and the main girder, such as the increase or decrease of the weight and the variety of the rigidity to girder and tower, the selection of reasonable obliquity to inclined pylon, the selection of structural system and
sectional type, the location and form of the anchors within inclined pylon, the length of auxiliary span and no-cable area of girder, the reasonable join constitution of girder end and construction technique of girder. 3. The variability and the sensitivity of the cable force of the Hongshan bridge is analysed though the results of the cable force which was tested by the apparatus during the cable installation and calculated by the simplified formula of chord vibrant theory and frequency method. 4. At last, this paper draws the final conclusions and puts forward the problems to be solved.
本文以长沙市洪山大桥为工程背景,参照Alamillo桥和其他同类桥型的相关资料,借助平面及空间有限元分析方法这一手段,从设计的角度通过改变一些重要的设计参数对无背索斜拉桥的合理结构型式进行了探讨。主要从以下几个方面着手。
1.从无背索斜拉桥不同于常规的斜拉桥的受力特点出发,比较了无背索斜拉桥与常规直塔斜拉桥的力学行为差异。结合收集到的国内、外目前已建和在建的10座无背索斜拉桥的相关资料,根据塔、梁、索的布置形式对其进行结构体系的分类,通过大量的平面和空间有限元计算分析得出带辅助孔的刚构体系既可以减小主梁跨中挠度又可以减小斜塔柱向主跨侧前倾的纵向和竖向位移,还可以大大提高结构的竖向刚度和自振频率。
2.通过改变洪山桥斜塔柱和主梁的设计参数,如塔、梁重量的增减和刚度的变化、斜塔合理倾角的选取、主梁结构选型和截面形式、拉索在塔内的锚固位置和形式、主梁无索区长度和辅助孔的跨度以及主梁梁端连接构造和主梁施工方法的合理性等对结构受力的影响来探讨大跨无背索斜拉桥的合理结构型式。
3.采用频率法弦振理论简化计算索力的公式对洪山桥在挂索期间的索力进行测试计算,通过测试计算结果来对洪山桥索力的变异性和敏感性进行分析。
4.最后,综合计算数据得出结论、提出有待研究的问题。
The cable-stayed bridge with no backstays is a new concept bridge construct. With the elimination of the backstays, the inclined pylon would rely on its own dead weight, serving as a counterbalance to support the dead loads and live loads on the deck. It would enriched the harmonious relationship between bridge construct and natural landscape, In addition, the particularly exquisite shape would be formed, and the conventional design concept would be broken free from the upright pylon in conventional cable-stayed bridges. Though its mechanical behavior is more complicated than the upright pylon in traditional cable-stayed bridge, the cable-stayed bridge with no backstays not only has been widely accepted but also has been getting more and more applications because of its particularly exquisite shape and outstanding effect of natural landscape. So it is very valuable to research the reasonable structural system and provide some reference for the design and construction of the congener bridge.
In this paper, refers to the Alamillo bridge and other bridge of the same bridge type, some studies on the reasonable structural form of no back-stays cable-stayed bridge are carried out by using the plane and space FEM in which the paper changes some important parameters from the point of design based on the Hongshan Bridge, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The contents are as the following:
1. The paper contrasts the difference of the mechanical behavior between the cable-stayed bridge with no backstays and the traditional upright pylon cable-stayed bridge. Referring to the information about the ten congener bridge built and building and classifying the structure system according to the different disposal form of the towers, the girders and the cables, it draws a conclusion that rigid structure with auxiliary span can minishes both the deflection at the middle of girder’s span and the longitudinal and the vertical displacement of the inclined pylon leaning to the side of the main span. At the same time, it can also increase the vertical stiffness and the natural logarithm of the structure.
2. This paper researches the rational structural system of the large span cable-stayed bridge with no backstays by changing the design parameters of the Hongshan bridge’s pylon and the main girder, such as the increase or decrease of the weight and the variety of the rigidity to girder and tower, the selection of reasonable obliquity to inclined pylon, the selection of structural system and
sectional type, the location and form of the anchors within inclined pylon, the length of auxiliary span and no-cable area of girder, the reasonable join constitution of girder end and construction technique of girder. 3. The variability and the sensitivity of the cable force of the Hongshan bridge is analysed though the results of the cable force which was tested by the apparatus during the cable installation and calculated by the simplified formula of chord vibrant theory and frequency method. 4. At last, this paper draws the final conclusions and puts forward the problems to be solved.
引文
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[8] A .C. Aparicio PhD, PE&J. R. Casas PhD, PE. The Alamillo Cable-stayed Bridge; Special Issues Faced in the Analysis and Construction. Journal of Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs Structs & Bldgs, 1997,122(6):432-450
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[18] 章曾焕,卢永成,方亚非等. 哈尔滨市太阳桥的设计. 见:上海市公路学会第五届年会学术论文集. 上海:人民交通出版社,2002,93-98
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[22] Xudong Shao, Hua Zhao, lifeng Li. et al. Design And Experimental Study Of A Harp Shaped Single Span Cable-stayed Bridge. Journal of ASCE’s Bridge Engineering, 2005(11)
[23] Wanghu Peng, Xudong Shao, lifeng Li, et al. Design of Main Girder of a Harp Shaped Cable-stayed Bridge. In: Proceedings of ICASS 05 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. Shanghai: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2005,1645-1650
[24] Yang Zhang, Xudong Shao. Spatial Stress Analysis for Large Cantilevered Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge Decks. In: Proceedings of ICASS 05 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. Shanghai: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2005,695-700
[25] Hua Zhao, Xudong Shao. The Design and Experimental Study of The Steel-Concrete Composite Box Girder of A Harp-Shaped Single Span Cable-Stayed Bridge. In: Proceedings of ICASS 05 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. Shanghai: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2005,1633-1638
[26] 侯俊明,彭晓彬,叶方才. 斜拉索索力的温度敏感性. 长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(4):34-36
[27] Kovacs I,Svensson H. Analytical aerodynamic investigation of cable-stayed helgeland bridge. Journal of Structure Engineering,ASCE,1992,118(1):147-168
[28] Pollalis S.N. What is Bridge? The Making of Calatrava’s Bridge in Seville. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press, 1999, 34-107
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[2] 贺拴海. 桥梁结构理论和计算方法. 第 1 版. 北京:人民交通出版社,2003,393-394
[3] M.S.特罗伊茨基. 斜拉桥理论与设计. 王学俊,程国庆,顾发祥等译. 第 1版. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1980,17-24
[4] 范立础. 桥梁工程(下册). 第 2 版. 北京:人民交通出版社,1993,221-228
[5] 邵旭东. 桥梁工程. 第 1 版. 北京:人民交通出版社,2004,8-20
[6] 范立础. 世界斜拉桥的新进展. 重庆交通学院学报,1985,10(2):33-38
[7] Mark Andrew Bradford. Deflections of Composite Steel-Concrete Beams Subject to Creep and Shrinkage. Journal of ACI Structural, 1991,88(5): 191-205
[8] A .C. Aparicio PhD, PE&J. R. Casas PhD, PE. The Alamillo Cable-stayed Bridge; Special Issues Faced in the Analysis and Construction. Journal of Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs Structs & Bldgs, 1997,122(6):432-450
[9] Juan R.Casas. A combined method for measuring cable forces: The cable-stayed Alamillo Bridge, Spain. Journal of Structural Engineering International, 1994, 4(4): 235-240
[10] 陈开利. 独塔斜拉桥的建设与展望. 桥梁建设,1998(3):33-36
[11] 邵旭东,陈鲁青,蒋自雄. 长沙市洪山大桥的设计与关键技术研究. 见:第十六届全国桥梁学术会议论文集. 北京:人民交通出版社,2004,131-137
[12] 邵旭东,李立峰,赵华等. 长沙市洪山桥竖琴式斜拉桥的设计. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,28(4):88-93
[13] 邵旭东,陈爱军,李立峰. 长沙市洪山桥的创新设计. 中外公路,2005,25(2):68-71
[14] 中南大学. 长沙市洪山庙浏阳河无背索异形斜拉桥塔墩梁固接节点区段模型试验研究及理论分析成果报告集. 长沙:中南大学土木建筑工程学院,2000,1-18
[15] 颜东煌,刘光栋.确定斜拉桥合理施工状态的正装迭代法. 中国公路学报,1999,12(2):59-64
[16] 颜东煌,李学文,刘光栋等. 用应力平衡法确定斜拉桥主梁的合理成桥状态. 中国公路学报,2000,13(3):49-52
[17] 王凤霞. 张江蔷微路无背索斜拉桥设计. 上海公路,2002(3):28-30
[18] 章曾焕,卢永成,方亚非等. 哈尔滨市太阳桥的设计. 见:上海市公路学会第五届年会学术论文集. 上海:人民交通出版社,2002,93-98
[19] 刘永健,周绪红,颜东煌等. 单边索斜塔钢-混凝土结合梁斜拉桥塔梁根部应力分析. 中国公路学报,2003,16(2):65-69
[20] 漻玉玲,张松. 宁杭高速公路东芦山服务区匝道上跨线桥设计. 公路,2004(1):60-64
[21] JUAN R CASAS. Full Scale Dynamic Testing of the Alamillo Cable-Stayed Bridge in Seville (Spain). Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamic, 1995(24):35-51.
[22] Xudong Shao, Hua Zhao, lifeng Li. et al. Design And Experimental Study Of A Harp Shaped Single Span Cable-stayed Bridge. Journal of ASCE’s Bridge Engineering, 2005(11)
[23] Wanghu Peng, Xudong Shao, lifeng Li, et al. Design of Main Girder of a Harp Shaped Cable-stayed Bridge. In: Proceedings of ICASS 05 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. Shanghai: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2005,1645-1650
[24] Yang Zhang, Xudong Shao. Spatial Stress Analysis for Large Cantilevered Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge Decks. In: Proceedings of ICASS 05 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. Shanghai: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2005,695-700
[25] Hua Zhao, Xudong Shao. The Design and Experimental Study of The Steel-Concrete Composite Box Girder of A Harp-Shaped Single Span Cable-Stayed Bridge. In: Proceedings of ICASS 05 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures. Shanghai: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2005,1633-1638
[26] 侯俊明,彭晓彬,叶方才. 斜拉索索力的温度敏感性. 长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(4):34-36
[27] Kovacs I,Svensson H. Analytical aerodynamic investigation of cable-stayed helgeland bridge. Journal of Structure Engineering,ASCE,1992,118(1):147-168
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