超声波液体密度测量仪的研究与开发
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摘要
本文介绍了超声波液体密度测量仪的工作原理和特性,并对其进行了设计和制作。
超声波液体密度测量仪主要包括水下探头和水上数据处理单元。水下探头分为水声换能器的制作,探头硬件电路的设计,主要包括:超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、检波整形电路、以及单片机控制电路设计;水上数据处理部分采用CPLD实现高速计数,提高了测量精度,通过串口和PC机通信;并对电源电路进行了设计。
最后对设计制作的样机进行了实验验证,得到了详实的实验数据,并对提高精度问题做了探讨。试验数据表明,有较高的稳定性,达到了设计的要求。
In this paper, the operation principle and characteristic of the ultrasonic liquidd ensity measuring instrument have been introduced. At the same time the sensor have been designed and made.
The ultrasonic liquid density measuring instrument consists of underwater probe and water data-processing unit. The undersea detector includes underwater sound changer fabrication, circuital detector hardware design, the hardware circuit is the core for exciting and receiving signal which in cludes emitting, receiving, control porcess. Data-processing part of the water used CPLD high-speed counting, improved measurement accuracy, through the serial port and PC machine communication; and have carried out design on the power circuit.
Through the test for the Prototype machine, Full and accurate data have been achieved.From these data, the system precision has very stability. Which reach the requirements of the design.
超声波液体密度测量仪主要包括水下探头和水上数据处理单元。水下探头分为水声换能器的制作,探头硬件电路的设计,主要包括:超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、检波整形电路、以及单片机控制电路设计;水上数据处理部分采用CPLD实现高速计数,提高了测量精度,通过串口和PC机通信;并对电源电路进行了设计。
最后对设计制作的样机进行了实验验证,得到了详实的实验数据,并对提高精度问题做了探讨。试验数据表明,有较高的稳定性,达到了设计的要求。
In this paper, the operation principle and characteristic of the ultrasonic liquidd ensity measuring instrument have been introduced. At the same time the sensor have been designed and made.
The ultrasonic liquid density measuring instrument consists of underwater probe and water data-processing unit. The undersea detector includes underwater sound changer fabrication, circuital detector hardware design, the hardware circuit is the core for exciting and receiving signal which in cludes emitting, receiving, control porcess. Data-processing part of the water used CPLD high-speed counting, improved measurement accuracy, through the serial port and PC machine communication; and have carried out design on the power circuit.
Through the test for the Prototype machine, Full and accurate data have been achieved.From these data, the system precision has very stability. Which reach the requirements of the design.
引文
[1]王濂炯.密度计量测试应用及其发展动向.上海计量测试, 2000, (5) : 31～32
[2]李兴华.密度测量及其应用.中国计量,1993,(3):54～55
[3]应崇福.超声学.北京:科学出版社,1990.66～88
[4]同济大学声学教研室.超声工业测量技术.上海:上海人民出版社, 1977.55～80
[5]会长善.超声工程.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1989.109～111
[6]姚明林,陈先中,张争.超声波液体密度传感器.传感器技术,2005,24(5):20～22
[7]张建,李钢.超声波测距系统的研究与设计.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,68(6):18～19
[8]纪良文,蒋静坪.机器人超声波测距数据的采集与处理.电子技术应用,2001,(9):23～27
[9]黄智伟,李富英,汪时云.超声波密度仪的研制.工业仪表与自动化装置,2000, (6):46～48
[10] Sayan.Perviz, Ulrich.Joachim. The effect of particle size and suspension density on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity in aqueous solutions.Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2002, 3, Vol.41, Issue: 3, pp.281～287
[11] Greenwood.MargaretS, Bamberger.Ju dith.A. Ultrasonic Sensor to measurethe density of a liquid or slurry during pipeline transport. Ultrasonics, 2002, 5, Vol.:40, Is sue:18,pp .413～417
[12]高上凯.医学成像系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.3～5
[13]冯若.超声诊断设备原理与设计.中国医学科技出版社.1993,(9):23～27
[14]关立勋,雷纪胜.超声诊断仪原理与维护.人民卫生出版社.1983
[15]万明习等.医学超声学原理与技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1992.1O
[16]王爱明,穆晓曦.超声波收、发电路的设计.电子制作,2005,(3):39～40
[17]丁美强,徐可欣.超声波信号参数提取电路设计[J].电子测量技术,2006,(4):152～153
[18]孙军华,董名利.钢轨高速探伤系统超声发射/接收装置的设计.工具技术,2002,36(12):51～53
[19]曹晓华等.一种应用于超声波流量计中的高可靠性的电路设计.仪表技术,2005,(5):45～46
[20]梁军汀等.超声波麦汁浓度在线测量.声学技术,2002,(6):25～26
[21]王寅观,邵良华,沈益民.超声波氨水浓度在线分析仪的研制.小氮肥设计技术,1994,(2):17～19
[22]张德华,李振涛.超声波在液体测量中的几个问题.计量与测试技术,2003,(5):10～11.
[23]冯红亮,肖定国,徐春广,周世圆.脉冲超声传感器激发/接收电路设计.仪表技术与传感器,2003,24(8):11～14.
[24]王小平,王彦芳,李夏青.非介入式智能超声波流量计.半导体技术,2000, 25(5):50～52
[25]陈大新,胡学同,周杏鹏.利用FPGA改进超声波测距模块设计.传感器技术, 2005,24(2): 57～59
[26]金春林,邱惠芳,张皆喜.AVR系列单片机C语言编程与应用实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[27] Lagourete.B,D aridon.J.L.Speed of sound,density,and compressibility of petroleum fractions from ultrasonic measurements under pressure.Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics,1999,8, Vol.31,Issue:8,pp 987～1000
[28] Aaron D. Sweeney, C. David Chadwell, and John A. Hildebrand. Calibration of a Seawater Sound Velocimeter. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, VOL. 31, NO. 2, April 2006
[29]候俊勇.高速高精度频率测量系统的CPLD实现.仪器仪表学报,2003,(4增):159～160
[30]程万胜,吴新军,刘军.用CPLD设计高精度超声液位检测系统.传感器技术,2003,(3):42～44
[31]黄正谨等.CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2002.
[32]孙育才,王荣兴,孙华芳.ATMEL新型AT89552系列单片机及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社.2005
[33]何群,王劲松,赵春晖.CPLD在非接触位移测量系统中的应用.自动化技术与应用,2004,10(2):65～68
[34] Marciniak.B.Density and ultrasonic velocity of under saturated and supersaturated solutions of fluoranthene in trichloroethylene, and study of the irmetastable zone width Journal of Crystal Growth,Volume:236,Issue:1-3 ,March,2002,pp .347～356
[35]单鸣雷,朱昌平,刘永富等.基于CPLD的SF6微量气体浓度检测仪.仪器仪表学报,2005,6(8) :35～37
[36]刘永富,朱昌平,林善明等.基于CPLD的高精度超声位移检测.声学技术,2006,5(25):23～25
[37] N.K.Abdulaziz, S.D.Marougi.Effect of an AGC amplifier on the performance of a generalized PLL in the presence of a large interfering signal.IEE PROCEEDINGS.Vol.136.Pt.G.NO.4.AUGUST 1989 Xinlinx Inc
[38] T.T.Yeh, G.E.Mattingly.Computer Simulations of Ultrasonic Flow Meter Performance in Ideal and Non-ideal Pipeflows.Proceedings of the 1997 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (Vancouver, 1997), Vancouver,BC, 1997, FEDSM97-3012
[39] Barnes Bob,The Granite Canal hydroeleetric develpment.International Journal on Hydropower and Dams.2003,(2):54～56
[40] Venkatesh H.S.,Balaehander R.,GuptaR.N.,Near field vibration monitoring for roek mass damage control:Tala Hydroeleetrie Projeet,Bhutan India.Journalof Explosives Engineering.2005(4):34～40
[41]Barkhatov V.A. , Valiev R.Ya. , Ultrasonic measure complex Defektoskopiya.2000,(2):17～28
[42] Manuel Mazo.Ultrasonic Sensor Performance Improvement Using DSP-FPGA Based Architectures.IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation IECON-2002,2002
[2]李兴华.密度测量及其应用.中国计量,1993,(3):54～55
[3]应崇福.超声学.北京:科学出版社,1990.66～88
[4]同济大学声学教研室.超声工业测量技术.上海:上海人民出版社, 1977.55～80
[5]会长善.超声工程.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1989.109～111
[6]姚明林,陈先中,张争.超声波液体密度传感器.传感器技术,2005,24(5):20～22
[7]张建,李钢.超声波测距系统的研究与设计.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,68(6):18～19
[8]纪良文,蒋静坪.机器人超声波测距数据的采集与处理.电子技术应用,2001,(9):23～27
[9]黄智伟,李富英,汪时云.超声波密度仪的研制.工业仪表与自动化装置,2000, (6):46～48
[10] Sayan.Perviz, Ulrich.Joachim. The effect of particle size and suspension density on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity in aqueous solutions.Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2002, 3, Vol.41, Issue: 3, pp.281～287
[11] Greenwood.MargaretS, Bamberger.Ju dith.A. Ultrasonic Sensor to measurethe density of a liquid or slurry during pipeline transport. Ultrasonics, 2002, 5, Vol.:40, Is sue:18,pp .413～417
[12]高上凯.医学成像系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.3～5
[13]冯若.超声诊断设备原理与设计.中国医学科技出版社.1993,(9):23～27
[14]关立勋,雷纪胜.超声诊断仪原理与维护.人民卫生出版社.1983
[15]万明习等.医学超声学原理与技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1992.1O
[16]王爱明,穆晓曦.超声波收、发电路的设计.电子制作,2005,(3):39～40
[17]丁美强,徐可欣.超声波信号参数提取电路设计[J].电子测量技术,2006,(4):152～153
[18]孙军华,董名利.钢轨高速探伤系统超声发射/接收装置的设计.工具技术,2002,36(12):51～53
[19]曹晓华等.一种应用于超声波流量计中的高可靠性的电路设计.仪表技术,2005,(5):45～46
[20]梁军汀等.超声波麦汁浓度在线测量.声学技术,2002,(6):25～26
[21]王寅观,邵良华,沈益民.超声波氨水浓度在线分析仪的研制.小氮肥设计技术,1994,(2):17～19
[22]张德华,李振涛.超声波在液体测量中的几个问题.计量与测试技术,2003,(5):10～11.
[23]冯红亮,肖定国,徐春广,周世圆.脉冲超声传感器激发/接收电路设计.仪表技术与传感器,2003,24(8):11～14.
[24]王小平,王彦芳,李夏青.非介入式智能超声波流量计.半导体技术,2000, 25(5):50～52
[25]陈大新,胡学同,周杏鹏.利用FPGA改进超声波测距模块设计.传感器技术, 2005,24(2): 57～59
[26]金春林,邱惠芳,张皆喜.AVR系列单片机C语言编程与应用实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[27] Lagourete.B,D aridon.J.L.Speed of sound,density,and compressibility of petroleum fractions from ultrasonic measurements under pressure.Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics,1999,8, Vol.31,Issue:8,pp 987～1000
[28] Aaron D. Sweeney, C. David Chadwell, and John A. Hildebrand. Calibration of a Seawater Sound Velocimeter. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, VOL. 31, NO. 2, April 2006
[29]候俊勇.高速高精度频率测量系统的CPLD实现.仪器仪表学报,2003,(4增):159～160
[30]程万胜,吴新军,刘军.用CPLD设计高精度超声液位检测系统.传感器技术,2003,(3):42～44
[31]黄正谨等.CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2002.
[32]孙育才,王荣兴,孙华芳.ATMEL新型AT89552系列单片机及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社.2005
[33]何群,王劲松,赵春晖.CPLD在非接触位移测量系统中的应用.自动化技术与应用,2004,10(2):65～68
[34] Marciniak.B.Density and ultrasonic velocity of under saturated and supersaturated solutions of fluoranthene in trichloroethylene, and study of the irmetastable zone width Journal of Crystal Growth,Volume:236,Issue:1-3 ,March,2002,pp .347～356
[35]单鸣雷,朱昌平,刘永富等.基于CPLD的SF6微量气体浓度检测仪.仪器仪表学报,2005,6(8) :35～37
[36]刘永富,朱昌平,林善明等.基于CPLD的高精度超声位移检测.声学技术,2006,5(25):23～25
[37] N.K.Abdulaziz, S.D.Marougi.Effect of an AGC amplifier on the performance of a generalized PLL in the presence of a large interfering signal.IEE PROCEEDINGS.Vol.136.Pt.G.NO.4.AUGUST 1989 Xinlinx Inc
[38] T.T.Yeh, G.E.Mattingly.Computer Simulations of Ultrasonic Flow Meter Performance in Ideal and Non-ideal Pipeflows.Proceedings of the 1997 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (Vancouver, 1997), Vancouver,BC, 1997, FEDSM97-3012
[39] Barnes Bob,The Granite Canal hydroeleetric develpment.International Journal on Hydropower and Dams.2003,(2):54～56
[40] Venkatesh H.S.,Balaehander R.,GuptaR.N.,Near field vibration monitoring for roek mass damage control:Tala Hydroeleetrie Projeet,Bhutan India.Journalof Explosives Engineering.2005(4):34～40
[41]Barkhatov V.A. , Valiev R.Ya. , Ultrasonic measure complex Defektoskopiya.2000,(2):17～28
[42] Manuel Mazo.Ultrasonic Sensor Performance Improvement Using DSP-FPGA Based Architectures.IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation IECON-2002,2002