凤凰山银矿急倾斜破碎不稳固薄矿体开采技术研究
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摘要
本文针对急倾斜破碎不稳固薄矿体复杂难采的特点,通过现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟及现场工业试验,围绕凤凰山银矿Ⅰ—①、Ⅰ—②矿体开采技术展开研究,将先进的连续采矿思想和阶段矿房分段空场采矿工艺相结合,提出了采用浅孔凿岩爆破的无间柱连续推进分段空场采矿方案。
完成的主要研究工作如下：
(1)对国内外急倾斜破碎不稳固薄矿体的三种常用采矿方法展开研究,并分析比较了这几种方法的优缺点；通过现场调查研究,对凤凰山银矿采用传统留矿法开采该矿体时贫化损失的根本原因进行了剖析。
(2)根据凤凰山银矿目前技术装备水平及Ⅰ—①、Ⅰ—②矿体赋存条件,提出了采用浅孔凿岩爆破的无间柱连续推进分段空场采矿新技术。该采矿方法通过不留间柱连续推进、强采强出、利用顶板围岩自然崩落处理采空区,解决了使用传统方法开采此类矿体所带来的贫化、损失问题,实现了安全、低耗、高效开采,为我国中小型矿山急倾斜破碎不稳固薄矿体高效低耗采矿提供了新的途径。
(3)对回采过程中孔网布置及爆破参数进行了设计,通过采用体积平衡法及能量守恒经验估算法对爆破抛掷距离进行了理论验证。
(4)运用FLAC-3D大型数值模拟软件,对凤凰山银矿采场地应力分布规律进行研究,对可能出现的地应力集中区域及大位移塑性破坏区域进行了预测,并针对预测结果提出了采场地压管理建议。
(5)采用新工艺在凤凰山银矿开展为期近一年的工业试验,通过试验现场反馈,对采场结构参数、爆破参数、施工进度安排进行了优化,改进和增强了采矿工艺的适应性。
Due to the complexity and difficulties in mining the extremely steep fractured unstable thin ore body, Study has been done on the mining technology for I-①、I-②ore body of Phoenix Hill Silver Mine, through site survey、theoretical analysis、numerical simulation and local industrial experiments. Mining scheme adopted shallow rock blasting to achieve non-pillar continuous sublevel open-stop mining was proposed, combining the continuous mining idea and the stage room mining method with sublevel open-stop.
The main research work are as follows:
(1) Researches have been done on the three common mining methods at home and abroad for the extremely steep fractured unstable thin ore body, and the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of these methods had also been made. Through field investigation and research, the essential reason of the loss and dilution adopting the traditional shrinkage stoping method in Phoenix Hill Silver Mine has been revealed.
(2) According to the present technical equipment level and I-①、I-②ore body occurrence conditions in Phoenix Hill Silver Mine, Mining scheme adopted shallow rock blasting to achieve non-pillar continuous sublevel open-stop mining was proposed. This method could solve the dilution and loss problems produced by the traditional methods in mining this type mines, through continuous advancing with no pillar forced ore extraction and removal and making use of natural roof wall-rock caving to treat goaf, which provided a new approach for small and medium-sized mine in our country to mining the extremely steep fractured unstable thin ore body in a efficient and low power way.
(3) The hole nets and blasting parameters during the extraction process were designed.blasting thrown distance has been examined theoretically adopting volume balance method and energy conservation experience estimation.
(4) The geo-stress distribution of the Phoenix Silver stope was researched by using FLAC-3D numerical simulation software, the regions where possibly appeared in-situ stress concentration and large displacement plastic damage were forecasted, and suggestion has been put forward about Underground pressure management according to the simulation forecast result.
(5) Local industrial experiments have been conducted adopting the new mining technique in Phoenix Sliver mine for almost one year. Through the field feedback, the stope structure parameters, the blasting parameters and construction schedule have been optimized, and the mining technology and its adaptability have also been promoted.
完成的主要研究工作如下：
(1)对国内外急倾斜破碎不稳固薄矿体的三种常用采矿方法展开研究,并分析比较了这几种方法的优缺点；通过现场调查研究,对凤凰山银矿采用传统留矿法开采该矿体时贫化损失的根本原因进行了剖析。
(2)根据凤凰山银矿目前技术装备水平及Ⅰ—①、Ⅰ—②矿体赋存条件,提出了采用浅孔凿岩爆破的无间柱连续推进分段空场采矿新技术。该采矿方法通过不留间柱连续推进、强采强出、利用顶板围岩自然崩落处理采空区,解决了使用传统方法开采此类矿体所带来的贫化、损失问题,实现了安全、低耗、高效开采,为我国中小型矿山急倾斜破碎不稳固薄矿体高效低耗采矿提供了新的途径。
(3)对回采过程中孔网布置及爆破参数进行了设计,通过采用体积平衡法及能量守恒经验估算法对爆破抛掷距离进行了理论验证。
(4)运用FLAC-3D大型数值模拟软件,对凤凰山银矿采场地应力分布规律进行研究,对可能出现的地应力集中区域及大位移塑性破坏区域进行了预测,并针对预测结果提出了采场地压管理建议。
(5)采用新工艺在凤凰山银矿开展为期近一年的工业试验,通过试验现场反馈,对采场结构参数、爆破参数、施工进度安排进行了优化,改进和增强了采矿工艺的适应性。
Due to the complexity and difficulties in mining the extremely steep fractured unstable thin ore body, Study has been done on the mining technology for I-①、I-②ore body of Phoenix Hill Silver Mine, through site survey、theoretical analysis、numerical simulation and local industrial experiments. Mining scheme adopted shallow rock blasting to achieve non-pillar continuous sublevel open-stop mining was proposed, combining the continuous mining idea and the stage room mining method with sublevel open-stop.
The main research work are as follows:
(1) Researches have been done on the three common mining methods at home and abroad for the extremely steep fractured unstable thin ore body, and the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of these methods had also been made. Through field investigation and research, the essential reason of the loss and dilution adopting the traditional shrinkage stoping method in Phoenix Hill Silver Mine has been revealed.
(2) According to the present technical equipment level and I-①、I-②ore body occurrence conditions in Phoenix Hill Silver Mine, Mining scheme adopted shallow rock blasting to achieve non-pillar continuous sublevel open-stop mining was proposed. This method could solve the dilution and loss problems produced by the traditional methods in mining this type mines, through continuous advancing with no pillar forced ore extraction and removal and making use of natural roof wall-rock caving to treat goaf, which provided a new approach for small and medium-sized mine in our country to mining the extremely steep fractured unstable thin ore body in a efficient and low power way.
(3) The hole nets and blasting parameters during the extraction process were designed.blasting thrown distance has been examined theoretically adopting volume balance method and energy conservation experience estimation.
(4) The geo-stress distribution of the Phoenix Silver stope was researched by using FLAC-3D numerical simulation software, the regions where possibly appeared in-situ stress concentration and large displacement plastic damage were forecasted, and suggestion has been put forward about Underground pressure management according to the simulation forecast result.
(5) Local industrial experiments have been conducted adopting the new mining technique in Phoenix Sliver mine for almost one year. Through the field feedback, the stope structure parameters, the blasting parameters and construction schedule have been optimized, and the mining technology and its adaptability have also been promoted.
引文
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