二氧化硅基核壳结构微球的制备
摘要
核壳结构的微球将不同物质所拥有的不同性能有机地结合到一起,弥补了普通单一组份微球的不足,显示出单一组分无法具有的物理化学性能。而且相对于单一组分微球,核壳结构微球的单分散性、稳定性、可修饰性、自组装行为以及在光、电、磁、催化、化学和生物过程等方面的性质,都可以通过合理的设计,在更大程度上实现调控。
而基于二氧化硅粒子的核壳微球具有实验制备条件要求低、易操作、结构稳定,易于表面修饰等特点。同时具有磁性的二氧化硅核壳复合微球不仅可利用其磁性吸附能力应用于蛋白质纯化、细胞分离,还可以将其组装成可调控的胶体光子晶体,用于显示器或传感器。本文基于这个研究思路,主要展开了以下几个方面的研究工作:
1、在St(?)ber法基础上,通过对反应温度的调控,制备出可用于光子晶体组装的粒径均一、分散性好的SiO_2微球,确定温度与微球粒径的关系。并以自制的PS为模板,利用表面沉积的方法,制备PS@SiO_2核壳复合微球。通过高温煅烧,制备成空心SiO_2球,并尝试其在组装液体类反蛋白石中的应用。
2、采用水热合成法制备了α-Fe_2O_3胶体颗粒,探讨其椭球形貌形成机理及原料配比与椭球粒子轴径比的关系。以α-Fe_2O_3椭球为模板,合成不同轴径比的α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2核壳结构复合椭球胶体颗粒。通过优化实验条件,尝试采用L-B膜法在液-气界面上组装α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2核壳椭球胶体颗粒的二维有序薄膜组装体。
3、利用水热合成法,通过阴离子的调控,合成六方结构的α-Fe_2O_3胶体颗粒,讨论实验条件对产物形貌和粒径的影响。利用改进St?ber方法,制备出单分散性的α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2核壳结构复合微球,探索其对流自组装方法生长胶体晶体的最佳生长环境。对α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2光子晶体薄膜进行磁化,使之转化为具有磁性的γ-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2光子晶体薄膜,以进一步制备磁性可调控光子晶体。
Core-shell structured composite microspheres combine the properties of different materials, which make up the shortage of those microspheres with single component. Comparing with microspheres with single component, core-shell composite microspheres show their advanced and various properties, such as monodispersity, stability, modification, self-assembly behaviors, and applications in optics, electronics, magnetics, catalyst, chemical and biological processes. All of above properties can be tuned by proper designing the morphology and component of composite microspheres.
Silica is a widely used material for preparing core-shell composite microspheres, for its easy operation, low-cost, stability and modifying functionality. With magnetical activity and selective absorbability, magnetic core-shell composite microspheres with silica shell can be used for purifying protein and separating cells. Furthermore, the colloidal crystals of these kind of magnetic composite microspheres can also be utilized as displays or sensors. Due to this, this thesis describes the following studies:
1、In modified St?ber method, silica microspheres with good monodispersity were prepared. The relationship between the diameters of silica microspheres and hydrolysis temperature was studied. PS@SiO_2 composite microspheres were also prepared by surface depositing method using PS microspheres as template. The subsequent high-temperature calcinated silica hollow spheres can also be used as the backbone materials of liquid inverse opal.
2、α-Fe_2O_3 colloids were synthesized by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method. The formation mechanism, including the relationship between the amount of chemicals and the particle size was discussed. After silica coating onto the surface of the synthesizedα-Fe_2O_3 cores,α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2 composite ellipsoidal colloids with different aspect ratios were successfully synthesized. Under proper conditions and in L-B film method, these ellipsoidal colloids were close-packed into monolayer with two-dimensional arrays at air/water interface.
3、In hydrothermal synthesis method,α-Fe_2O_3 colloids were synthesized by controlling the anion concentration. Parameters which effect the morphology of synthesized particles were discussed. Monodispersedα-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2 composite microspheres were synthesized in modified St?ber method and assembled into colloidal crystals. After the subsequent magnetization, magnetically active colloidal photonic crystals may be fabricated for furthermore magnetical and electrical responsing detecting.
而基于二氧化硅粒子的核壳微球具有实验制备条件要求低、易操作、结构稳定,易于表面修饰等特点。同时具有磁性的二氧化硅核壳复合微球不仅可利用其磁性吸附能力应用于蛋白质纯化、细胞分离,还可以将其组装成可调控的胶体光子晶体,用于显示器或传感器。本文基于这个研究思路,主要展开了以下几个方面的研究工作:
1、在St(?)ber法基础上,通过对反应温度的调控,制备出可用于光子晶体组装的粒径均一、分散性好的SiO_2微球,确定温度与微球粒径的关系。并以自制的PS为模板,利用表面沉积的方法,制备PS@SiO_2核壳复合微球。通过高温煅烧,制备成空心SiO_2球,并尝试其在组装液体类反蛋白石中的应用。
2、采用水热合成法制备了α-Fe_2O_3胶体颗粒,探讨其椭球形貌形成机理及原料配比与椭球粒子轴径比的关系。以α-Fe_2O_3椭球为模板,合成不同轴径比的α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2核壳结构复合椭球胶体颗粒。通过优化实验条件,尝试采用L-B膜法在液-气界面上组装α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2核壳椭球胶体颗粒的二维有序薄膜组装体。
3、利用水热合成法,通过阴离子的调控,合成六方结构的α-Fe_2O_3胶体颗粒,讨论实验条件对产物形貌和粒径的影响。利用改进St?ber方法,制备出单分散性的α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2核壳结构复合微球,探索其对流自组装方法生长胶体晶体的最佳生长环境。对α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2光子晶体薄膜进行磁化,使之转化为具有磁性的γ-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2光子晶体薄膜,以进一步制备磁性可调控光子晶体。
Core-shell structured composite microspheres combine the properties of different materials, which make up the shortage of those microspheres with single component. Comparing with microspheres with single component, core-shell composite microspheres show their advanced and various properties, such as monodispersity, stability, modification, self-assembly behaviors, and applications in optics, electronics, magnetics, catalyst, chemical and biological processes. All of above properties can be tuned by proper designing the morphology and component of composite microspheres.
Silica is a widely used material for preparing core-shell composite microspheres, for its easy operation, low-cost, stability and modifying functionality. With magnetical activity and selective absorbability, magnetic core-shell composite microspheres with silica shell can be used for purifying protein and separating cells. Furthermore, the colloidal crystals of these kind of magnetic composite microspheres can also be utilized as displays or sensors. Due to this, this thesis describes the following studies:
1、In modified St?ber method, silica microspheres with good monodispersity were prepared. The relationship between the diameters of silica microspheres and hydrolysis temperature was studied. PS@SiO_2 composite microspheres were also prepared by surface depositing method using PS microspheres as template. The subsequent high-temperature calcinated silica hollow spheres can also be used as the backbone materials of liquid inverse opal.
2、α-Fe_2O_3 colloids were synthesized by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method. The formation mechanism, including the relationship between the amount of chemicals and the particle size was discussed. After silica coating onto the surface of the synthesizedα-Fe_2O_3 cores,α-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2 composite ellipsoidal colloids with different aspect ratios were successfully synthesized. Under proper conditions and in L-B film method, these ellipsoidal colloids were close-packed into monolayer with two-dimensional arrays at air/water interface.
3、In hydrothermal synthesis method,α-Fe_2O_3 colloids were synthesized by controlling the anion concentration. Parameters which effect the morphology of synthesized particles were discussed. Monodispersedα-Fe_2O_3@SiO_2 composite microspheres were synthesized in modified St?ber method and assembled into colloidal crystals. After the subsequent magnetization, magnetically active colloidal photonic crystals may be fabricated for furthermore magnetical and electrical responsing detecting.
引文
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