基于形式化描述的构件库应用研究
摘要
随着信息技术的迅猛发展,计算机软件已渗透到社会生活的方方面面。与此同时,软件项目规模的不断壮大、功能的增强和复杂度的增加,软件的成本、进度、质量也变得更加难以控制,这使得软件开发难度不断上升,软件开发周期加长,修改与返工情况严重。因此,如何复用以往成功的开发方案以快速生产出高质量软件产品成为软件产业重要的热点问题。
基于构件的软件工程(Component-Based Software Engineering,CBSE)或基于构件的开发(Component-Based Development,CBD),是一种新的软件开发方式,它是在一定构件模型的支持下,复用构件库中的一个或多个软件构件,以组装的方式高效率、高质量地构造应用软件系统的过程,有效地提高了软件开发效率和质量。
随着软件复用研究不断深入,构件的准确描述与高效检索已成为面向构件的软件复用研究的热点和难点。本文首先参照3C构件模型,提出一种基于形式化方法的,可扩展的构件描述模型,包括构件的功能描述、接口描述、环境依赖描述等,并保留了构件关键字、非功能属性等描述项。在此描述模型基础上提出了构件的分步检索法,首先通过构件的非功能属性描述,构件的分类描述等信息进行类似于刻面方法的非形式化检索;然后根据构件接口描述中的构件执行前件与后件进行多模糊级的形式化检索;最后在前两步检索的结果中,根据构件的复用历史信息、演示文件等进行手工筛选,以最终选出最适合需求的构件。基于3C构件模型,本文第三章提出了构件的描述模型,第四章在描述模型的基础上,着重论述了包含四级模糊度的构件形式化检索方法,以提高构件的查找效率并兼顾查全率和查准率。
本文的最后设计了构件检索的原型系统SCRDEM,以实践验证3、4章的理论,并对实验结果进行了分析。
As the quick development of information technique, computer software has got everywhere of our social life. While the scale of software is going to be bigger and has more complicated functions, the control of cost、progress and quality comes to be more difficult.Now, it is hard to develop large and complicated software easily and timely, further more, usually, there are too many modifications on the software. So, how to reuse the successful software project to development software with high quality and short time is a hotspot in software field.
CBSE/CBD, a process of creating efficient application system by reuse of one or more software components in reusable software component library, is a new style of software development that improves software development efficiency and quality.
As going deep into the study of the software reuse, the accurately describing of software component and high efficiency of component retrieving are become the hotspot and nodus of the studying of the software reuse. In this article, by the reference of 3C model of software component, int the third chapter we put forward a formable, extensible describe model of component, including function description, interface description, environment description, etc, and we keep the keyword list and unfunctional attribute description. Based on the description, in the fourthly chapter we bring forward a multiple steps searching method of component, and emphasized on the discussion of the four levels of fuzzy searching of component, in order to raise the efficiency of the component searching and take care of the full-scale of the searching results.
At last, we practised and discussed the theory of chapter three and four through a demo system, SCRDEM, and analyzed the result of our experimentation.
基于构件的软件工程(Component-Based Software Engineering,CBSE)或基于构件的开发(Component-Based Development,CBD),是一种新的软件开发方式,它是在一定构件模型的支持下,复用构件库中的一个或多个软件构件,以组装的方式高效率、高质量地构造应用软件系统的过程,有效地提高了软件开发效率和质量。
随着软件复用研究不断深入,构件的准确描述与高效检索已成为面向构件的软件复用研究的热点和难点。本文首先参照3C构件模型,提出一种基于形式化方法的,可扩展的构件描述模型,包括构件的功能描述、接口描述、环境依赖描述等,并保留了构件关键字、非功能属性等描述项。在此描述模型基础上提出了构件的分步检索法,首先通过构件的非功能属性描述,构件的分类描述等信息进行类似于刻面方法的非形式化检索;然后根据构件接口描述中的构件执行前件与后件进行多模糊级的形式化检索;最后在前两步检索的结果中,根据构件的复用历史信息、演示文件等进行手工筛选,以最终选出最适合需求的构件。基于3C构件模型,本文第三章提出了构件的描述模型,第四章在描述模型的基础上,着重论述了包含四级模糊度的构件形式化检索方法,以提高构件的查找效率并兼顾查全率和查准率。
本文的最后设计了构件检索的原型系统SCRDEM,以实践验证3、4章的理论,并对实验结果进行了分析。
As the quick development of information technique, computer software has got everywhere of our social life. While the scale of software is going to be bigger and has more complicated functions, the control of cost、progress and quality comes to be more difficult.Now, it is hard to develop large and complicated software easily and timely, further more, usually, there are too many modifications on the software. So, how to reuse the successful software project to development software with high quality and short time is a hotspot in software field.
CBSE/CBD, a process of creating efficient application system by reuse of one or more software components in reusable software component library, is a new style of software development that improves software development efficiency and quality.
As going deep into the study of the software reuse, the accurately describing of software component and high efficiency of component retrieving are become the hotspot and nodus of the studying of the software reuse. In this article, by the reference of 3C model of software component, int the third chapter we put forward a formable, extensible describe model of component, including function description, interface description, environment description, etc, and we keep the keyword list and unfunctional attribute description. Based on the description, in the fourthly chapter we bring forward a multiple steps searching method of component, and emphasized on the discussion of the four levels of fuzzy searching of component, in order to raise the efficiency of the component searching and take care of the full-scale of the searching results.
At last, we practised and discussed the theory of chapter three and four through a demo system, SCRDEM, and analyzed the result of our experimentation.
引文
[1]Hafedh Mili,Fatma Mili,and Ali Mili,Reusing Software:Issues and Research Directions,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,Vol.21,No.6,pp.528-562 June 1995
[2]Reuse Library Interoperability Group.RIG Uniform DataModel(BIDM).PRS-0001,April 1993,revised:January 1995
[3]SholomG.Cohenetal.TechnicalReport,CMU/SEI-91-TR-28,ESD-91-TR-28,June 1992
[4]边小凡,朱建林,王倩,形式化方法对构件库管理系统支持的探讨.计算机技术[J],2006(4)
[5]青鸟Ⅲ型项目组,青鸟构件模型。内部技术报告[R]。计算机科学与技术系,北京大学,1997
[6]Zaremski A M.1997.Specification Matching of Software Components.ACM Transaction on Software Engineering and Methodology,Vol.6.no 4 P333-369
[7]陈意云.形式语义学基础.中国科学技术出版社,1994
[8]王志坚.软件构件技术及其应用.科学出版社,2005
[9]古天龙.软件开发的形式化方法.高等教育出版社,2005
[10]IauK-K,Ornaghi M.A Formal Approach to Software Component Specification.In:Proc.of Specification and Verification of Component-based Systems Workshop at OOPSLA2001
[11]周晓峰.基于语义的软件构件匹配方法及在水利领域中应用的研究.河海大学博士学位论文,2006.12
[12]Roger S.Pressman.Software Engineering:A Practitioner's Approach,Fifth Edition.2002,China Machine Press.
[13]陈立岩.EJB组件技术及应用.计算机技术与发展,2007(3)
[14]贾育,顾毓清,基于领域特征空间的构件语义表示方法[J].软件学报,2002,13(2):311-316
[15]北京大学青鸟项目组.青鸟构件描述语言JBCDL参考手册[J7.技术报告,1997
[16]冯艳华.基于语义的构件描述和检索方法的研究[D].西北大学硕士学位论文,2005.5
[17]Mili H,Valtchev P,Di-Sciullo A et al.Automating the Indexing and Retrieval of Reusable Software Components.Madrid Spain:Proceding of the6~(th)International Workshop NLDB'01,2001:75-86
[18]王渊峰,薛云蛟等,刻面分类构件的匹配模型[J].软件学报.2003,14(3):402-408
[19]朱建林.形式化方法在基于构件软件重用中的应用研究[D].河北大学硕士学位论文,2006.5
[20]王渊峰,张涌,任洪敏,基于刻面描述的构件检索[J].软件学报.2002,13(8):1546-1550
[21]任洪敏,钱乐秋,构件组装的形式化推导研究[J].软件学报.2003,14(6):1066-1074
[22]Bachman F.Technical Concepts of Component-based Software Engineering.Technical Report CMU/SEI-2000-TR-008 ESC-TR-2000-007,2000,2
[23]黄果,周竹荣,周亭,基于领域本体的语义相似度计算研究.计算机工程与科学.2007(29)
[24]顾金睿,王芳.关于本体论的研究综述.情报科学,2007 Vol.25 NO.6
[25]彭鑫,赵文耘,钱乐秋.基于领域特征本体的构件语义描述和组装.电子学报 Vol.34 No.12A
[26]杨芙消,邵维忠,梅宏.面向对象CASE环境JB Ⅱ型系统的设计和实现.中国科学,1995.5
[27]杨芙消。软件复用及相关技术[J]。计算机科学.1999,26(5):1-4
[28]李晓博,缪淮扣,刘静,基于形式规格说明的构件匹配[J].计算机应用与软件.2006.10
[29]徐丽萍,贾红卫,卢炎生.RTSC:一种具有精确语义的实时构件描述机制[J].计算机科学,2005,32(8)
[30]林浩,一种面向检索的构件描述方法[J].山东理工大学学报.2005.3
[31]贾晓辉,陈德华,基于刻面描述的构件查询匹配模型及算法研究[J].计算机研究与发展.2004.10
[32]马亮,孙家,基于规约匹配的构件检索[J].小型微型计算机系统.2002.10
[33]孟闻天,张维石 等,一种基于刻面分类描述的软件构件查询方法[J].计算机工程与应用 2005.12
[34]边小凡,复华轩,一种面向构件自动化组装的构件检索方法[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版)2005,11
[35]刘大昕,赵磊,王卓,一种基于刻面分类和聚类分析的构件分类检索方法[J].计算机应用 2004.6
[2]Reuse Library Interoperability Group.RIG Uniform DataModel(BIDM).PRS-0001,April 1993,revised:January 1995
[3]SholomG.Cohenetal.TechnicalReport,CMU/SEI-91-TR-28,ESD-91-TR-28,June 1992
[4]边小凡,朱建林,王倩,形式化方法对构件库管理系统支持的探讨.计算机技术[J],2006(4)
[5]青鸟Ⅲ型项目组,青鸟构件模型。内部技术报告[R]。计算机科学与技术系,北京大学,1997
[6]Zaremski A M.1997.Specification Matching of Software Components.ACM Transaction on Software Engineering and Methodology,Vol.6.no 4 P333-369
[7]陈意云.形式语义学基础.中国科学技术出版社,1994
[8]王志坚.软件构件技术及其应用.科学出版社,2005
[9]古天龙.软件开发的形式化方法.高等教育出版社,2005
[10]IauK-K,Ornaghi M.A Formal Approach to Software Component Specification.In:Proc.of Specification and Verification of Component-based Systems Workshop at OOPSLA2001
[11]周晓峰.基于语义的软件构件匹配方法及在水利领域中应用的研究.河海大学博士学位论文,2006.12
[12]Roger S.Pressman.Software Engineering:A Practitioner's Approach,Fifth Edition.2002,China Machine Press.
[13]陈立岩.EJB组件技术及应用.计算机技术与发展,2007(3)
[14]贾育,顾毓清,基于领域特征空间的构件语义表示方法[J].软件学报,2002,13(2):311-316
[15]北京大学青鸟项目组.青鸟构件描述语言JBCDL参考手册[J7.技术报告,1997
[16]冯艳华.基于语义的构件描述和检索方法的研究[D].西北大学硕士学位论文,2005.5
[17]Mili H,Valtchev P,Di-Sciullo A et al.Automating the Indexing and Retrieval of Reusable Software Components.Madrid Spain:Proceding of the6~(th)International Workshop NLDB'01,2001:75-86
[18]王渊峰,薛云蛟等,刻面分类构件的匹配模型[J].软件学报.2003,14(3):402-408
[19]朱建林.形式化方法在基于构件软件重用中的应用研究[D].河北大学硕士学位论文,2006.5
[20]王渊峰,张涌,任洪敏,基于刻面描述的构件检索[J].软件学报.2002,13(8):1546-1550
[21]任洪敏,钱乐秋,构件组装的形式化推导研究[J].软件学报.2003,14(6):1066-1074
[22]Bachman F.Technical Concepts of Component-based Software Engineering.Technical Report CMU/SEI-2000-TR-008 ESC-TR-2000-007,2000,2
[23]黄果,周竹荣,周亭,基于领域本体的语义相似度计算研究.计算机工程与科学.2007(29)
[24]顾金睿,王芳.关于本体论的研究综述.情报科学,2007 Vol.25 NO.6
[25]彭鑫,赵文耘,钱乐秋.基于领域特征本体的构件语义描述和组装.电子学报 Vol.34 No.12A
[26]杨芙消,邵维忠,梅宏.面向对象CASE环境JB Ⅱ型系统的设计和实现.中国科学,1995.5
[27]杨芙消。软件复用及相关技术[J]。计算机科学.1999,26(5):1-4
[28]李晓博,缪淮扣,刘静,基于形式规格说明的构件匹配[J].计算机应用与软件.2006.10
[29]徐丽萍,贾红卫,卢炎生.RTSC:一种具有精确语义的实时构件描述机制[J].计算机科学,2005,32(8)
[30]林浩,一种面向检索的构件描述方法[J].山东理工大学学报.2005.3
[31]贾晓辉,陈德华,基于刻面描述的构件查询匹配模型及算法研究[J].计算机研究与发展.2004.10
[32]马亮,孙家,基于规约匹配的构件检索[J].小型微型计算机系统.2002.10
[33]孟闻天,张维石 等,一种基于刻面分类描述的软件构件查询方法[J].计算机工程与应用 2005.12
[34]边小凡,复华轩,一种面向构件自动化组装的构件检索方法[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版)2005,11
[35]刘大昕,赵磊,王卓,一种基于刻面分类和聚类分析的构件分类检索方法[J].计算机应用 2004.6