基于J2EE企业构件框架的构件组装技术的研究
摘要
软件构件技术是近几年来迅速发展,并受到广泛关注的一个学科分支。软件构件必须经过组装才能形成应用系统,构件组装使软件技术人员可以直接采用“集成组装构件”的方式来构造软件系统,因此构件组装技术是基于构件软件开发的核心技术。基于构件的框架为特定领域内的相似问题提供统一的解决方案,并且框架为构件的组装提供了基础和环境,构件框架的最终目标是动态地组装构件,实现构件的“即插即用”。当前基于框架和构件的软件开发已经成为软件工程化开发和工业化生产的必然趋势,其中框架构件的组装是框架构件复用过程中的关键环节。目前框架构件的组装过程多为用户手工完成,如何提高框架构件组装过程中的自动化程度也是一个很有研究价值的问题。
本文首先对构件技术和构件组装技术进行分析研究,针对面向对象框架的不足提出基于构件的框架,即软件框架由一组互相协作的构件组成。以框架的扩展点作为我研究的出发点,提出由基于角色的扩展形态对构件框架进行扩展。文章着力建立一个基于构件技术的分布式应用框架,应用设计模式实现基于J2EE的企业构件框架,并运用形式化语言对基于J2EE的企业构件框架及其框架构件、构件组装进行了形式化描述。在基于J2EE的企业构件框架实例化过程中,利用角色扩展形态设计角色构件,用于组装构件框架外的应用构件,实现构件框架的扩展。最后把PLM系统的应用作为特定的研究领域,将基于J2EE企业构件框架的构件组装技术应用于PLM的供应链管理系统,以销售管理中单据管理子系统的开发为例,进行构件的分析、设计和实现,并利用基于J2EE企业构件框架的角色扩展形态组装相应的应用构件,最终实现单据管理子系统的功能。
实践证明基于框架的构件组装技术在提高系统的开发效率,可扩展性和复用性方面有相当大的效果,对进一步研究基于框架的构件自动化组装技术,有着一定的理论意义和实用价值。
The software component technology is a discipline branch which expands rapidly in recent years and receives widespread attention. The software components must be assembled before they form the application system. The component assembly enables the software technician to construct software system by integrating components; therefore the component assembly technique plays a key role in the development of component software. Framework based on components provides unified solution to similar questions in a certain field, and basis and environment for the assembly of components. The ultimate goal of component framework is to dynamically assemble components, realizing the plug-and-play of components. The software development on the basis of framework and components has become an inevitable trend in software engineering and the industrialized production. And the assembly of frame members is the crucial stage in the frame member reusing process. At present the assembly of frame members is mainly completed by users manually, so how to improve the level of automation in the frame member assembly process is also worth studying.
This thesis first conducts the analytical study on the component technology and the component assembly technique. In view of the drawbacks of object-oriented framework, a component-based framework is proposed, a software framework composed by a group of mutually cooperating components. Taking framework expansion spot as the starting point of my research, I propose that the component framework be expanded on the basis of by role expansion shape. The thesis is trying to establish a distributional application framework on the foundation of component technology. With the application of design pattern, the enterprise component framework based on the J2EE has been carried out, the framework, together with its frame members and the component assembly, being formally described with formalized language. In the instantiation process of J2EE enterprise component framework, the role expansion shape is adopted to the design of role component, in order to assemble the applied components outside the component framework and realize the expansion of component framework. Finally the application of PLM system being treated as a specific research area, the component assembly technique based on the J2EE enterprise component framework is integrated into the PLM supply chain management system. The components are analyzed, designed and realized with the case study of the development of subsystem for voucher management in sales management. Moreover, the corresponding applied components are assembled with the role expansion shape based on J2EE enterprise component framework, realizing the subsystem function of the voucher management.
It has been proved by practice that the frame-based component assembly technique is effective in improving the development efficiency of system, as well as the extensibility and reusability. Meanwhile, it has certain theoretical significance and practical value for further study on frame-based automatic component assembly.
本文首先对构件技术和构件组装技术进行分析研究,针对面向对象框架的不足提出基于构件的框架,即软件框架由一组互相协作的构件组成。以框架的扩展点作为我研究的出发点,提出由基于角色的扩展形态对构件框架进行扩展。文章着力建立一个基于构件技术的分布式应用框架,应用设计模式实现基于J2EE的企业构件框架,并运用形式化语言对基于J2EE的企业构件框架及其框架构件、构件组装进行了形式化描述。在基于J2EE的企业构件框架实例化过程中,利用角色扩展形态设计角色构件,用于组装构件框架外的应用构件,实现构件框架的扩展。最后把PLM系统的应用作为特定的研究领域,将基于J2EE企业构件框架的构件组装技术应用于PLM的供应链管理系统,以销售管理中单据管理子系统的开发为例,进行构件的分析、设计和实现,并利用基于J2EE企业构件框架的角色扩展形态组装相应的应用构件,最终实现单据管理子系统的功能。
实践证明基于框架的构件组装技术在提高系统的开发效率,可扩展性和复用性方面有相当大的效果,对进一步研究基于框架的构件自动化组装技术,有着一定的理论意义和实用价值。
The software component technology is a discipline branch which expands rapidly in recent years and receives widespread attention. The software components must be assembled before they form the application system. The component assembly enables the software technician to construct software system by integrating components; therefore the component assembly technique plays a key role in the development of component software. Framework based on components provides unified solution to similar questions in a certain field, and basis and environment for the assembly of components. The ultimate goal of component framework is to dynamically assemble components, realizing the plug-and-play of components. The software development on the basis of framework and components has become an inevitable trend in software engineering and the industrialized production. And the assembly of frame members is the crucial stage in the frame member reusing process. At present the assembly of frame members is mainly completed by users manually, so how to improve the level of automation in the frame member assembly process is also worth studying.
This thesis first conducts the analytical study on the component technology and the component assembly technique. In view of the drawbacks of object-oriented framework, a component-based framework is proposed, a software framework composed by a group of mutually cooperating components. Taking framework expansion spot as the starting point of my research, I propose that the component framework be expanded on the basis of by role expansion shape. The thesis is trying to establish a distributional application framework on the foundation of component technology. With the application of design pattern, the enterprise component framework based on the J2EE has been carried out, the framework, together with its frame members and the component assembly, being formally described with formalized language. In the instantiation process of J2EE enterprise component framework, the role expansion shape is adopted to the design of role component, in order to assemble the applied components outside the component framework and realize the expansion of component framework. Finally the application of PLM system being treated as a specific research area, the component assembly technique based on the J2EE enterprise component framework is integrated into the PLM supply chain management system. The components are analyzed, designed and realized with the case study of the development of subsystem for voucher management in sales management. Moreover, the corresponding applied components are assembled with the role expansion shape based on J2EE enterprise component framework, realizing the subsystem function of the voucher management.
It has been proved by practice that the frame-based component assembly technique is effective in improving the development efficiency of system, as well as the extensibility and reusability. Meanwhile, it has certain theoretical significance and practical value for further study on frame-based automatic component assembly.
引文
[1]杨芙清.软件复用及相关技术[J].计算机科学,1999,26(5):1-4.
[2]任洪敏,钱乐秋.构件组装及其形式化推导研究[J].软件学报,2003,14(6):1006-1074.
[3]Clomens SzypOerski.构件化软件-超越面向对象编程(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[4]Nenad Medvidovic,Richard Taylor.A Classification and Comparison Framework for Software Architecture Description Languages[J].IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2000,25(1):75-93.
[5]杨芙清,王千祥,梅宏,陈兆良.基于复用的软件生产技术[J].中国科学(E辑),2001,31(2):363-371.
[6]胡文蕙,赵文,张世混,王立福.基于构件技术的应用框架元模型的研究[J].软件学报,2004,15(1):2-8.
[7]张世琨,张文娟,常欣,王立福,杨芙清.基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装[J].软件学报,2001,9(12):1352-1359.
[8]梅宏,陈锋,冯耀东,杨杰.ABC:基于软件体系结构、面向构件的软件开发方法[J].软件学报,2003,14(4):721-732.
[9][美]Alan W.Brown.赵文耘,张志等译.大规模基于构件的软件开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[10]李卉,殷兆麟,金铁锋.Session Facade设计模式及其在J2EE系统开发中的应用研究[J].计算机工程,2005,31(14):228-230.
[11]毛莺池,梁奕,王志坚.异构软件构件组装模型设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2005,31(4):56-58.
[12]Sang-Geun Kim.Des igning a Domain Framework wi th Component Management Model[J].软件学报,2002,13(03):335-341.
[13]Nenad Medvidovic and Richard N.Taylor.A Classification and Comparison Framework for Software Architecture Description Languages[J].IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering,2000,26(1):52-60.
[14]周晓峰,王志坚.二进制构件柔性组装机制及其形式化研究[J].计算机工程,2006,32(22):53-57.
[15]Adel Smeda,Mourad Oussalah,and Tahar Khammaci.Software Connectors Reuse in Component-Based Systems[C].Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration,2003,543-550.
[16]Clemens SzypOerski,Dominik Gruntz.Component Software:Beyond Object-Orinented Programming,Second Edition,Pearson Education,2003.
[17]Luigia Petre.Components vs Objects.Turku Centre for Computer Science,TUGS Technical reports,No 370,October 2000.
[18]杨芙清.软件工程技术发展思索[J].软件学报,2005,16(1):1-7.
[19]李昌宇,樊东平,刘又诚.以构架为中心的应用软件构件化开发方法[J].计算机工程与科学,2004,26(1):73-76.
[20]I-Ling Yen and Jayabharath Goluguri.A Component-based Approach for Embedded Software Development.Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE internationals symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing,2002.
[21]常继传,李克勤,郭立峰,梅宏,杨芙清.青鸟系统中可复用软件构件的表示与查询[J].电子学报,2000,28(8):20-24.
[22]北大青鸟集团(JadeBird).系列IT产品和应用解决方案[EB/OL].http://www.jadebird.com.cn
[23]梅宏,刘超.软件技术进展-2004全国软件与应用学术会议(NASAC2004)论文集[C].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.10-15.
[24]陆新年,陆新宇等编.XML揭秘—入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版,2001.122-163.
[25]张和明,熊光楞.制造企业的产品生命周期管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.25-43.
[26]郭钢,余成龙,刘飞.产品生命周期管理的内涵和技术架构[J].中国机械工程,2004,3(15):512-515.
[27]Luckham D C.Specification and Analysis of System Architecture Using Rapid method[J].IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering,Special Issue on Software Architecture,1995,21(4):336-355.
[28]Ning Dong.Integration in component-based Software development using design patterns[J].Arizona state university,2000,10(3):26-34.
[29]EJB Specification http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/.
[30]Rahim Adat ia,Fa iz Arni,Kyle Gabbart等.EJB编程指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[31](美)Alan Monnox著,武欣,董怡然,贾顺林等译.J2EE快速开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.32-85.
[32]唐慕瑾,徐伯庆,孙国强.Java类的动态装载机制及其在设计模式中的应用[J].上海理工大学学报,2004,26(1):80-84.
[33]JIA Yu,Gu Yu-cling.Domain Feature Space Based Semantic Representation of Component[J].Journal of Software.2002,13(2):311-316.
[2]任洪敏,钱乐秋.构件组装及其形式化推导研究[J].软件学报,2003,14(6):1006-1074.
[3]Clomens SzypOerski.构件化软件-超越面向对象编程(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[4]Nenad Medvidovic,Richard Taylor.A Classification and Comparison Framework for Software Architecture Description Languages[J].IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2000,25(1):75-93.
[5]杨芙清,王千祥,梅宏,陈兆良.基于复用的软件生产技术[J].中国科学(E辑),2001,31(2):363-371.
[6]胡文蕙,赵文,张世混,王立福.基于构件技术的应用框架元模型的研究[J].软件学报,2004,15(1):2-8.
[7]张世琨,张文娟,常欣,王立福,杨芙清.基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装[J].软件学报,2001,9(12):1352-1359.
[8]梅宏,陈锋,冯耀东,杨杰.ABC:基于软件体系结构、面向构件的软件开发方法[J].软件学报,2003,14(4):721-732.
[9][美]Alan W.Brown.赵文耘,张志等译.大规模基于构件的软件开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[10]李卉,殷兆麟,金铁锋.Session Facade设计模式及其在J2EE系统开发中的应用研究[J].计算机工程,2005,31(14):228-230.
[11]毛莺池,梁奕,王志坚.异构软件构件组装模型设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2005,31(4):56-58.
[12]Sang-Geun Kim.Des igning a Domain Framework wi th Component Management Model[J].软件学报,2002,13(03):335-341.
[13]Nenad Medvidovic and Richard N.Taylor.A Classification and Comparison Framework for Software Architecture Description Languages[J].IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering,2000,26(1):52-60.
[14]周晓峰,王志坚.二进制构件柔性组装机制及其形式化研究[J].计算机工程,2006,32(22):53-57.
[15]Adel Smeda,Mourad Oussalah,and Tahar Khammaci.Software Connectors Reuse in Component-Based Systems[C].Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration,2003,543-550.
[16]Clemens SzypOerski,Dominik Gruntz.Component Software:Beyond Object-Orinented Programming,Second Edition,Pearson Education,2003.
[17]Luigia Petre.Components vs Objects.Turku Centre for Computer Science,TUGS Technical reports,No 370,October 2000.
[18]杨芙清.软件工程技术发展思索[J].软件学报,2005,16(1):1-7.
[19]李昌宇,樊东平,刘又诚.以构架为中心的应用软件构件化开发方法[J].计算机工程与科学,2004,26(1):73-76.
[20]I-Ling Yen and Jayabharath Goluguri.A Component-based Approach for Embedded Software Development.Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE internationals symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing,2002.
[21]常继传,李克勤,郭立峰,梅宏,杨芙清.青鸟系统中可复用软件构件的表示与查询[J].电子学报,2000,28(8):20-24.
[22]北大青鸟集团(JadeBird).系列IT产品和应用解决方案[EB/OL].http://www.jadebird.com.cn
[23]梅宏,刘超.软件技术进展-2004全国软件与应用学术会议(NASAC2004)论文集[C].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.10-15.
[24]陆新年,陆新宇等编.XML揭秘—入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版,2001.122-163.
[25]张和明,熊光楞.制造企业的产品生命周期管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.25-43.
[26]郭钢,余成龙,刘飞.产品生命周期管理的内涵和技术架构[J].中国机械工程,2004,3(15):512-515.
[27]Luckham D C.Specification and Analysis of System Architecture Using Rapid method[J].IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering,Special Issue on Software Architecture,1995,21(4):336-355.
[28]Ning Dong.Integration in component-based Software development using design patterns[J].Arizona state university,2000,10(3):26-34.
[29]EJB Specification http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/.
[30]Rahim Adat ia,Fa iz Arni,Kyle Gabbart等.EJB编程指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[31](美)Alan Monnox著,武欣,董怡然,贾顺林等译.J2EE快速开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.32-85.
[32]唐慕瑾,徐伯庆,孙国强.Java类的动态装载机制及其在设计模式中的应用[J].上海理工大学学报,2004,26(1):80-84.
[33]JIA Yu,Gu Yu-cling.Domain Feature Space Based Semantic Representation of Component[J].Journal of Software.2002,13(2):311-316.