基于内容的数字音频水印技术研究
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摘要
随着计算机通信和网络技术的发展,多媒体数据的传输、处理、保存等变得十分方便快捷。同时也为非授权的拷贝、分发、篡改等提供了方便,这些非法的行为严重侵犯了数字媒体所有者的版权利益,同时数据的安全可信性也受到了很大的威胁。数字水印技术作为一种版权保护和内容真实性、完整性认证的技术手段,受到了学者们广泛的重视。本文主要研究了基于音频内容的数字水印技术,分别提出了用于数据完整性鉴定的脆弱音频水印算法和用于版权保护的鲁棒音频水印算法,主要创新性工作如下：
1.利用信噪比自适应地计算水印嵌入强度,避免了现有一些水印算法通过反复实验确定合适水印嵌入强度的问题,在满足给定信噪比的情况下,水印嵌入强度可达到最大。此外,水印的嵌入和提取采用抖动量化,避免了经典量化方法的不足。抖动量通过混沌生成,混沌的白噪声特性加强了算法的安全性。
2.提出了一种基于音频内容的NDCT域脆弱音频水印算法,算法从理论上推导了两次量化的量化步长间的数学关系式,避免现有算法通过反复实验确定合理量化步长的问题；水印由音频内容生成,可避免二值图像作为水印在传输过程中的安全问题；同时,NDCT矩阵元素由混沌序列通过线性函数产生,更进一步的加强了系统的安全性。算法在鉴定音频完整性的同时,还能定位恶意篡改位置。
3.提出了一种基于比值的鲁棒音频水印算法。算法利用小波变换近似系数前后部分能量比的稳定性,通过量化两者比值的方法嵌入和提取水印。现有很多音频水印算法的鲁棒性容易受音频类型的影响,而本文提出的基于比值的音频水印算法基于音频内容而设计,其鲁棒性不受音频类型的限制,实验结果证明了算法的鲁棒性和与音频类型的无关性。
4.在分析TSM、抖动和随机剪切等同步攻击过程和现有抗同步攻击音频水印算法不足之处的基础上,提出了基于音频全局特征量和均匀分帧的水印算法新思路。通过均匀分帧,避免同步位置的不断偏移；通过稳定的音频全局特征量,实现水印的生成、嵌入和提取。重新定义了均值的概念,定义了归一化重心的概念,并从理论和实验上分别证明了二者对TSM操作的稳定性。利用时域均值、小波域近似系数均值和归一化重心对同步攻击的稳定性,设计了3种抗同步攻击算法。实验结果证明该方案是有效的,与现有文献大多只能抵抗某一类同步攻击相比,本文的水印方案能很好地抵抗多种同步攻击。
With the rapid development of computer communication and network technique, the transmission, process and store of multimedia data become more and more convenient and quick. Simultaneously, it is easy to illegally copy, distribute and tamper. So the owner copyright of digital media should be protected, and the security and creditability of the multimedia data are threatened. Therefore, digital watermarking used as the technique of copyright protection and reliability authentication has been widely recognized by many researchers.
This dissertation mainly focuses on designing the audio watermarking schemes. The fragile audio watermarking for data integrality authentication and robust audio watermarking algorithms for copyright protecting are proposed, respectively, The achieved innovative results are given as follows.
1. The strength of watermarking is calculated adaptively by using SNR, and the right watermarking strength is gained by experiments over and over in existing algorithms can be avoided. On the condition of setting SNR, the maximum of the watermarking strength is obtained and the proposed algorithm can detect the watermark blindly. The dither quantization is used in embedding and extracting process and drawback of classical quantization method can be avoided. The dithering vector is generated by the chaotic system, and white noise property of chaos enhances the security of the algorithm.
2. A fragile audio watermarking algorithm in NDCT domain content-based is proposed. The two quantization steps are deduced theoretically, the lackness that the appropriate quantization step is confirmed by multiple replication experiments in existing algorithms is avoided; the watermarking is generated by audio content and can avoid security problem of binary image watermarking in transmission; meanwhile, NDCT matrix elements are produced by linear function of chaotic sequences and it enhances system security furthermore. While authenticating audio integrity, the algorithm can also locate malicious tamper location.
3. A robust audio watermarking algorithm based on ratio is designed. The watermark is embedded or extracted by quantizing the ratio. Today, many robust audio watermarking algorithms are coterminous with audio type. Because the proposed ratio-based algorithm is based on audio content, the robustness has nothing with audio type. The experimental results show the strong robustness.
4. Synchronization attacks process of TSM, dithering, cropping and so on, and shortcomings that existed anti-synchronization attack audio watermarking methods are analyzed, and a new scheme based on audio global feature parameter and even dividing frames is proposed. By even dividing frames, synchronization place continuous offset can be avoided; the watermark are generated, embedded and extracted by stability of the audio global feature parameter. The mean in time domain is redefined, normalized center of gravity is defined and their stability for TSM manipulation is proved in theory and experiment. The stability of mean of wavelet approach coefficients has been proved by existed literature. The stability of the mean in the time domain, the mean of wavelet approach coefficients and normalized center of gravity for synchronization attacks is used for designing3algorithms against synchronization attack. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed scheme is effective. Compared with many algorithms that can only resist single type synchronization attack in existing literatures, the proposed watermarking algorithm can resist multi-type synchronization attacks.
1.利用信噪比自适应地计算水印嵌入强度,避免了现有一些水印算法通过反复实验确定合适水印嵌入强度的问题,在满足给定信噪比的情况下,水印嵌入强度可达到最大。此外,水印的嵌入和提取采用抖动量化,避免了经典量化方法的不足。抖动量通过混沌生成,混沌的白噪声特性加强了算法的安全性。
2.提出了一种基于音频内容的NDCT域脆弱音频水印算法,算法从理论上推导了两次量化的量化步长间的数学关系式,避免现有算法通过反复实验确定合理量化步长的问题；水印由音频内容生成,可避免二值图像作为水印在传输过程中的安全问题；同时,NDCT矩阵元素由混沌序列通过线性函数产生,更进一步的加强了系统的安全性。算法在鉴定音频完整性的同时,还能定位恶意篡改位置。
3.提出了一种基于比值的鲁棒音频水印算法。算法利用小波变换近似系数前后部分能量比的稳定性,通过量化两者比值的方法嵌入和提取水印。现有很多音频水印算法的鲁棒性容易受音频类型的影响,而本文提出的基于比值的音频水印算法基于音频内容而设计,其鲁棒性不受音频类型的限制,实验结果证明了算法的鲁棒性和与音频类型的无关性。
4.在分析TSM、抖动和随机剪切等同步攻击过程和现有抗同步攻击音频水印算法不足之处的基础上,提出了基于音频全局特征量和均匀分帧的水印算法新思路。通过均匀分帧,避免同步位置的不断偏移；通过稳定的音频全局特征量,实现水印的生成、嵌入和提取。重新定义了均值的概念,定义了归一化重心的概念,并从理论和实验上分别证明了二者对TSM操作的稳定性。利用时域均值、小波域近似系数均值和归一化重心对同步攻击的稳定性,设计了3种抗同步攻击算法。实验结果证明该方案是有效的,与现有文献大多只能抵抗某一类同步攻击相比,本文的水印方案能很好地抵抗多种同步攻击。
With the rapid development of computer communication and network technique, the transmission, process and store of multimedia data become more and more convenient and quick. Simultaneously, it is easy to illegally copy, distribute and tamper. So the owner copyright of digital media should be protected, and the security and creditability of the multimedia data are threatened. Therefore, digital watermarking used as the technique of copyright protection and reliability authentication has been widely recognized by many researchers.
This dissertation mainly focuses on designing the audio watermarking schemes. The fragile audio watermarking for data integrality authentication and robust audio watermarking algorithms for copyright protecting are proposed, respectively, The achieved innovative results are given as follows.
1. The strength of watermarking is calculated adaptively by using SNR, and the right watermarking strength is gained by experiments over and over in existing algorithms can be avoided. On the condition of setting SNR, the maximum of the watermarking strength is obtained and the proposed algorithm can detect the watermark blindly. The dither quantization is used in embedding and extracting process and drawback of classical quantization method can be avoided. The dithering vector is generated by the chaotic system, and white noise property of chaos enhances the security of the algorithm.
2. A fragile audio watermarking algorithm in NDCT domain content-based is proposed. The two quantization steps are deduced theoretically, the lackness that the appropriate quantization step is confirmed by multiple replication experiments in existing algorithms is avoided; the watermarking is generated by audio content and can avoid security problem of binary image watermarking in transmission; meanwhile, NDCT matrix elements are produced by linear function of chaotic sequences and it enhances system security furthermore. While authenticating audio integrity, the algorithm can also locate malicious tamper location.
3. A robust audio watermarking algorithm based on ratio is designed. The watermark is embedded or extracted by quantizing the ratio. Today, many robust audio watermarking algorithms are coterminous with audio type. Because the proposed ratio-based algorithm is based on audio content, the robustness has nothing with audio type. The experimental results show the strong robustness.
4. Synchronization attacks process of TSM, dithering, cropping and so on, and shortcomings that existed anti-synchronization attack audio watermarking methods are analyzed, and a new scheme based on audio global feature parameter and even dividing frames is proposed. By even dividing frames, synchronization place continuous offset can be avoided; the watermark are generated, embedded and extracted by stability of the audio global feature parameter. The mean in time domain is redefined, normalized center of gravity is defined and their stability for TSM manipulation is proved in theory and experiment. The stability of mean of wavelet approach coefficients has been proved by existed literature. The stability of the mean in the time domain, the mean of wavelet approach coefficients and normalized center of gravity for synchronization attacks is used for designing3algorithms against synchronization attack. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed scheme is effective. Compared with many algorithms that can only resist single type synchronization attack in existing literatures, the proposed watermarking algorithm can resist multi-type synchronization attacks.
引文
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