基于光纤通讯的分布采集式故障录波系统研制
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摘要
当前电力系统的规模正在不断扩大,随着区域网络的互联,电力系统行为将会越来越复杂。故障录波功能作为分析电网故障必不可少的功能,对电力系统安全稳定运行起着重要的作用。
论文从实际需求出发,提出了一种基于光纤通讯传输数据的分布采集式录波系统,将录波采集单元分布于各种电气间隔中,经过光纤与总的录波管理单元相连,形成一个完整的录波系统。该系统可减少变电站内铺设电缆的数量,节约变电站的投资费用,同时由于光缆电磁兼容性能远好于电缆,能显著提高录波信号传输的可靠性。同时由于分布式设计,不同采集单元的损坏不影响其他单元的运行,可大大提高录波系统的可靠性。
录波系统采用模块化分层设计,功能合理分布到不同的模块。设计中采用了DSP及多CPU并行处理技术,使用了数字信号处理专用芯片(TMS320C32)和大规模可编程逻辑器件CPLD,并采取了双CPU并行处理的结构。论文中详细说明了不同模块实现的功能、功能实现的流程以及设计思路和实现方法。采用基于先进的嵌入式实时多任务操作系统平台,采用组件化的软件系统结构,大大提高软件系统的可靠性、保证整个系统具有优异的整体性能。
为了提高录波测量精度,论文还提出了一种基于最小二乘曲线拟合技术的模拟通道变比校正方法,测试结果表明该方法可有效提高录波的测量精度。
The electric power system is becoming a large scale system. The system would be much more complicated with the development of interconnection. Fault recording system is very important for electric power systems, and it had played important role in analyzing the performance of electric power systems.
From actual requirement, a new fault recording system is proposed based on fiber optical communication. The sampling unit is distributed on different bays, and is connected to main system with fiber optical cable. The system can reduce the quantity of cable in substation, and reduce the cost. The EMC performance of fiber cable is better than common cable, so it can improve the communication reliability remarkably. At the same time, due to distributed design, one sampling unit damage will not affect the other unit, so the reliability of whole recording system will be improved.
The sampling system adopt module design, different function is distributed in different module. DSP and multi-CPU technique are proposed in the design, and TMS320C32 and CPLD are used in the circuit. The function realized by different module is described in the thesis in detail. The software is built on the embedded real-time multi-task operating system, and is based on component software structure, so the software reliability is improved and guaranteed the excellent performance of the recording system.
To improve the measure precision, the least square method is used to compute the analog channel ratio. The test demonstrates the method is correct and can improve measure precision greatly.
论文从实际需求出发,提出了一种基于光纤通讯传输数据的分布采集式录波系统,将录波采集单元分布于各种电气间隔中,经过光纤与总的录波管理单元相连,形成一个完整的录波系统。该系统可减少变电站内铺设电缆的数量,节约变电站的投资费用,同时由于光缆电磁兼容性能远好于电缆,能显著提高录波信号传输的可靠性。同时由于分布式设计,不同采集单元的损坏不影响其他单元的运行,可大大提高录波系统的可靠性。
录波系统采用模块化分层设计,功能合理分布到不同的模块。设计中采用了DSP及多CPU并行处理技术,使用了数字信号处理专用芯片(TMS320C32)和大规模可编程逻辑器件CPLD,并采取了双CPU并行处理的结构。论文中详细说明了不同模块实现的功能、功能实现的流程以及设计思路和实现方法。采用基于先进的嵌入式实时多任务操作系统平台,采用组件化的软件系统结构,大大提高软件系统的可靠性、保证整个系统具有优异的整体性能。
为了提高录波测量精度,论文还提出了一种基于最小二乘曲线拟合技术的模拟通道变比校正方法,测试结果表明该方法可有效提高录波的测量精度。
The electric power system is becoming a large scale system. The system would be much more complicated with the development of interconnection. Fault recording system is very important for electric power systems, and it had played important role in analyzing the performance of electric power systems.
From actual requirement, a new fault recording system is proposed based on fiber optical communication. The sampling unit is distributed on different bays, and is connected to main system with fiber optical cable. The system can reduce the quantity of cable in substation, and reduce the cost. The EMC performance of fiber cable is better than common cable, so it can improve the communication reliability remarkably. At the same time, due to distributed design, one sampling unit damage will not affect the other unit, so the reliability of whole recording system will be improved.
The sampling system adopt module design, different function is distributed in different module. DSP and multi-CPU technique are proposed in the design, and TMS320C32 and CPLD are used in the circuit. The function realized by different module is described in the thesis in detail. The software is built on the embedded real-time multi-task operating system, and is based on component software structure, so the software reliability is improved and guaranteed the excellent performance of the recording system.
To improve the measure precision, the least square method is used to compute the analog channel ratio. The test demonstrates the method is correct and can improve measure precision greatly.
引文
[1]张宇辉.电力系统微型计算机继电保护[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2000.
[2]杨廷方,刘沛.基于工控机的集中式录波器设计[1].电力自动化设备.2001,21(6)：26-29.
[3]贺洪江,董克俭等分散式故障录波和运行监视系统的研究.工矿自动化.2003(5)：9-11
[4]李立伟,王兼顺,原明事.基于MC68360的分布式故障录波装置的设计.计算机测量与控制,2006,12(14)：1626-1628
[5]钱翰博.基于FPGA的分布式输电线路故障录波器的设计.学位论文,2006
[6]周兴军,骆健丁网林.国内外故障录波器的现状分析和比较.小水电,2004,115(1)：34-36.
[7]余黎煌,栾新军等.一种新型电力故障录波器的研究与实现.电测和仪表,2007,44(8)：15-19
[8]MCF5282 ColdFire MicrocontroUer User'S Manual[Z]. Motorola,2004.
[9]TMS320C3X C Source Debugger User's Guide [z]. Texas Instruments Incorpomtod,1997.
[10]金西,黄汪.嵌入式Linux技术及其应用[J].计算机应用,2000,20(7)：4-6.
[11]胡林献,杜万森,李剑新.基于DSP+MCU技术的新型故障录波器.继电器,2005,33(9)：54-57
[12]ADS8364 User'S Manual[Z]. Texas Instruments,2002.
[13]罗杰.一种基于双端口RAM的高速数据采集系统设计[J].电子学与计算机,2001,(6),52-54.
[14]钟俊,吴言荪,张占龙等基于DSP的数据采集及故障录波模块.渝洲大学学报,2000,17(3)：30-35.
[15]DL/T553-94.《220-500 kV电力系统故障动态记录技术准则》.中华人民共和国电力工业部颁布.1995
[16]DL/T663-1999.《220-500 kV电力系统故障动态记录装置检测要求》.中 华人民共和国电力工业部颁布.1999
[17]张延冬,焦彦军,张举.基于嵌入式系统的故障录波器设计.继电器,2005,33(3)：62-65.
[18]车仁飞,范作程等.基于最小二乘原理的电力故障录波器通道校正方法,继电器,2002,30(9)：28-34.
[19]刘钦圣.最小二乘问题计算方法[M]北京工业大学出版社,1989,10
[20]谭必思等.Manchester编码器的VHDL设计.中南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(3)：52-54.
[21]高嵩,何宁等,曼彻斯特码多路数据传输系统,西安工业大学学报,2003,(4)
[22]王柯,邹锐,陈涓.数字化变电站故障录波器通信规约研究.贵州电力技术.2008,109(2)：26-28
[23]IEC 61850:Communication networks and system in sub-stations, part 5[S].1999.
[24]IEC 61850:Communication networks and system in sub. stations, part 1 to part 10[S].1999.
[25]盛中国.分布式供电网故障录波系统设计.学位论文,2006
[26]贺洪江,刘春英等.基于DSP的配电系统故障录波器下位机设计.工矿自动化,2006,(2)：72-73.
[27]韩小涛,尹项根.数字化变电站二次回路通信模式研究.中国电力,2009,42(2)：70-74
[28]郭先平,李倩,许诺.光电互感器在变电站数字化间隔中的应用.四川电力技术.2009,32(4)：72-74.
[29]Shanshan Luo, Mladen Kezunovic, Don R. Sevick, Locating faults in thetransmission network using sparse field measurements, simulation data and geneticalgorithm, Electric Power Systems Research,71 (2004); 169-177
[30]Interim Report:Causes of the August 14th Blackout in the United States and Canada, U. S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force, November 2003
[31]Zhao Zigang, Zhao Chunlei, Xiaoyan, Some New Ideas About The development OfFault Recorder, Power Systems and Communications Infrastructures for the Future,Beijing, September 2002
[32]张颖,张哲,杨军,等,变电站微机故障录波与分析装置,电力自动化设备,2003年第9期；52-54
[33]李驹光,聂雪媛,江泽明,王兆卫,ARM应用系统开发详解一基于S3C14510B系统设计,北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[34]Zhang Jin, He Renmu, Design of Dynamic EMS Software Platform, Power Systems and Communications Infrastructures for the future, Beijing, September 2002
[35]Analog Devices, Inc., AD7663 16-Bit,250 kSPS CMOS ADC Data Sheet, Rev. B,2003
[36]尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋,DSP集成开发环境CCS使用指南,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[37]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉,DSP集成开发与应用实例,北京,电子工业出版社,2002
[38]夏路易,电路原理图与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE,北京,北京希望电子出版社2002
[39]张波,发变组故障录波监测装置的研究,学位论文,2004
[40]SST inc. SSTCompactFlash Card DATASHEET.2001
[41]Maxim Integrated Products, MAX6959 Data Sheet Rev O;USA,2002
[42]Integrated Device Technology, Inc., IDT70V28L:High-Speed 3.3v 64kx 16 Dual-Port Static RAM, U.S.A.,2002
[43]Philips Semiconductors, ISP1362:Single-chip Universal Serial Bus On-The-Go controller, Datasheet,2003
[44]Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual,2003
[2]杨廷方,刘沛.基于工控机的集中式录波器设计[1].电力自动化设备.2001,21(6)：26-29.
[3]贺洪江,董克俭等分散式故障录波和运行监视系统的研究.工矿自动化.2003(5)：9-11
[4]李立伟,王兼顺,原明事.基于MC68360的分布式故障录波装置的设计.计算机测量与控制,2006,12(14)：1626-1628
[5]钱翰博.基于FPGA的分布式输电线路故障录波器的设计.学位论文,2006
[6]周兴军,骆健丁网林.国内外故障录波器的现状分析和比较.小水电,2004,115(1)：34-36.
[7]余黎煌,栾新军等.一种新型电力故障录波器的研究与实现.电测和仪表,2007,44(8)：15-19
[8]MCF5282 ColdFire MicrocontroUer User'S Manual[Z]. Motorola,2004.
[9]TMS320C3X C Source Debugger User's Guide [z]. Texas Instruments Incorpomtod,1997.
[10]金西,黄汪.嵌入式Linux技术及其应用[J].计算机应用,2000,20(7)：4-6.
[11]胡林献,杜万森,李剑新.基于DSP+MCU技术的新型故障录波器.继电器,2005,33(9)：54-57
[12]ADS8364 User'S Manual[Z]. Texas Instruments,2002.
[13]罗杰.一种基于双端口RAM的高速数据采集系统设计[J].电子学与计算机,2001,(6),52-54.
[14]钟俊,吴言荪,张占龙等基于DSP的数据采集及故障录波模块.渝洲大学学报,2000,17(3)：30-35.
[15]DL/T553-94.《220-500 kV电力系统故障动态记录技术准则》.中华人民共和国电力工业部颁布.1995
[16]DL/T663-1999.《220-500 kV电力系统故障动态记录装置检测要求》.中 华人民共和国电力工业部颁布.1999
[17]张延冬,焦彦军,张举.基于嵌入式系统的故障录波器设计.继电器,2005,33(3)：62-65.
[18]车仁飞,范作程等.基于最小二乘原理的电力故障录波器通道校正方法,继电器,2002,30(9)：28-34.
[19]刘钦圣.最小二乘问题计算方法[M]北京工业大学出版社,1989,10
[20]谭必思等.Manchester编码器的VHDL设计.中南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(3)：52-54.
[21]高嵩,何宁等,曼彻斯特码多路数据传输系统,西安工业大学学报,2003,(4)
[22]王柯,邹锐,陈涓.数字化变电站故障录波器通信规约研究.贵州电力技术.2008,109(2)：26-28
[23]IEC 61850:Communication networks and system in sub-stations, part 5[S].1999.
[24]IEC 61850:Communication networks and system in sub. stations, part 1 to part 10[S].1999.
[25]盛中国.分布式供电网故障录波系统设计.学位论文,2006
[26]贺洪江,刘春英等.基于DSP的配电系统故障录波器下位机设计.工矿自动化,2006,(2)：72-73.
[27]韩小涛,尹项根.数字化变电站二次回路通信模式研究.中国电力,2009,42(2)：70-74
[28]郭先平,李倩,许诺.光电互感器在变电站数字化间隔中的应用.四川电力技术.2009,32(4)：72-74.
[29]Shanshan Luo, Mladen Kezunovic, Don R. Sevick, Locating faults in thetransmission network using sparse field measurements, simulation data and geneticalgorithm, Electric Power Systems Research,71 (2004); 169-177
[30]Interim Report:Causes of the August 14th Blackout in the United States and Canada, U. S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force, November 2003
[31]Zhao Zigang, Zhao Chunlei, Xiaoyan, Some New Ideas About The development OfFault Recorder, Power Systems and Communications Infrastructures for the Future,Beijing, September 2002
[32]张颖,张哲,杨军,等,变电站微机故障录波与分析装置,电力自动化设备,2003年第9期；52-54
[33]李驹光,聂雪媛,江泽明,王兆卫,ARM应用系统开发详解一基于S3C14510B系统设计,北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[34]Zhang Jin, He Renmu, Design of Dynamic EMS Software Platform, Power Systems and Communications Infrastructures for the future, Beijing, September 2002
[35]Analog Devices, Inc., AD7663 16-Bit,250 kSPS CMOS ADC Data Sheet, Rev. B,2003
[36]尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋,DSP集成开发环境CCS使用指南,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[37]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉,DSP集成开发与应用实例,北京,电子工业出版社,2002
[38]夏路易,电路原理图与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE,北京,北京希望电子出版社2002
[39]张波,发变组故障录波监测装置的研究,学位论文,2004
[40]SST inc. SSTCompactFlash Card DATASHEET.2001
[41]Maxim Integrated Products, MAX6959 Data Sheet Rev O;USA,2002
[42]Integrated Device Technology, Inc., IDT70V28L:High-Speed 3.3v 64kx 16 Dual-Port Static RAM, U.S.A.,2002
[43]Philips Semiconductors, ISP1362:Single-chip Universal Serial Bus On-The-Go controller, Datasheet,2003
[44]Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual,2003