云南中三叠世罗平生物群鱼类化石及其古生态学特征
|
摘要
罗平地区在中三叠世安尼期时期的古地理位置位于康滇古陆以东,南盘江盆地以西。由于中三叠世开始,在印支运动的作用下,在靠近康滇古陆一侧的扬子碳酸盐岩台地上在印支运动的推动下出现了一系列台内凹陷,罗平地区就是其中之一。
罗平生物群保存在中三叠统关岭组二段薄层泥晶灰岩中,生物种类丰富,数量繁多,包含海相脊椎动物、节肢动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、陆相植物以及一些分类未定的化石。其物种多样性大大超过了华南海相关岭生物群、兴义贵州龙动物群以及盘县动物群。鱼类化石是脊椎动物化石的最主要的组成部分,具有重要的研究意义。罗平生物群鱼类化石种类丰富,有Palaeonisciformes(古鳕目)、Saurichthyiformes(龙鱼目)、Peltopleuriformes(肋鳞鱼目)、Perleidiformes(裂齿鱼目)、Semionotiformes(半椎鱼目)、Coelacanthiformes(空棘鱼目)以及一些非半椎鱼类的新鳍鱼类等。本文分别对这些类别进行了系统描述,并建立了两个新属新种即Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis gen. et sp. nov. (高背罗雄鱼)和Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen. et sp. nov. (宽泪颧骨罗平空棘鱼)。针对实测剖面上石坎剖面的三大鱼类化石的个体数进行统计并绘出比例饼状图和比例变化规律直方图,直观的反应了上石坎剖面三大鱼类化石组构关系。
新鳍鱼类在整个鱼类化石总数中占有相当大的比例,且种类繁多,这证明了在中三叠世安尼期新鳍鱼类已经开始全面辐射。
本文以上石坎剖面31层面上富集的鱼类化石作为依托,进行埋藏学特征研究。通过一系列的证据证明了罗平生物群鱼类化石属于原地埋藏。保存完好和关联好的鱼类化石对应的是灰黑色薄层到纹层状泥质灰岩或泥晶灰岩中,指示了一个安静、缺氧的底部环境。
罗平生物群的生物具备了从初级生产者到初级消费者,再到高级消费者,最后再到分解者的全部类别,已经形成了一个健康完整的食物链。本文在辅助剖面的测制(马场剖面、裸可剖面、小寨剖面、四方石剖面、金歹剖面和门前坡剖面)和野外化石层位露头的基础上,恢复了罗平生物群的生态环境。首先确定了罗平生物群化石产出的核心区域,然后从化石分布核心区向外围追溯,探明了罗平台内盆地的东西界限,进一步限定了罗平台内凹陷的范围。罗平台内凹陷西至阿梅者-茶安-勒泥朵,再向西便是泸西台内凹陷;东至土地庙、蚌山和八大河过渡到南盘江盆地。罗平台内凹陷为种类丰富的海洋生物提供了一个安乐窝。
The palaeogeographic location of Luoping area in Middle Triassic period located between the east of Kangdian old land and the western edge of Nanpanjiang basin. In the period of Middle Triassic, there was a series of small sags within the platform distributed on the Yangtze carbonate platform under the function of Indo-China Orogeny. Luoping area was one of the sag within the platform.
Luoping Biota was preserved in the laminated micritic limestone, which belong to the second member of Guanling Formation, Middle Trassic. Various fossils have been found in Luoping Biota including marine vertebrates, arthorpods, echinoderms, mollusk, continental plants as well as some undetermined species. And its species diversity is much more than the Guanling Fauna, Xingyi Fauna and Panxian Fauna in Southern China. Among the vertebrate fossils, fish fossils are the main part. As a result, studing on the fish fossils is of great significance to the research of the whole biota. Luoping Biota has a great variety of fish fossils. There are Palaeonisciformes, Saurichthyiformes, Perleidiformes, Peltopleuriformes, Semionotiformes, Coelacanth- iformes and some non-semionotiformes neopterygians. This thesis describes those different types respectively. Some of them is new genus and species, for example, Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis gen. et sp. nov. and Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrima- lis gen. et sp. nov.
In order to reflect the proportion of the three typical types of fish fossils, we do the statistic analysis and draw the histogram on the basis of those fish fossils from Shangshikan Section. It is proved that the neopterygian take a great proportion in the total number. That is to say, neopterygian began to radiate in the Middle Triassic.
The taphonomic features of fish fossils is studied based on the 31th. layer of Shangshikan Section. It is proved that they all preserved at the orignal places. Most of well-preserved fish fossils correspond to grey-black laminated micrite and muddy limestone. It indicates undisturbed and anoxic bottom environment.
Different fossils play different roles in Luoping Biota. From the primary producer, primary customer, senior customer to decomposer, Luoping Biota has a healthy food chain. On the basis of assistant sections (Machang Section, Luoke Section, Xiaozhai Section, Sifangshi Section, Jindai Section and Menqianpo Section) and fossil outcrop, we recover the paleoenvironment of Luoping Biota. Firstly, we determine the key area which has the fossil layers on the basis of the fossil outcrop. Secondly, we observe the outarea from the key area and find the scope of Luoping sag within the platform. The western boundary is along the Ameizhe-Chaan-Leniduo village. Beyond the western bountary is the Luxi sag within platform. The eastern boundary is along Tudimiao-Bengshan village. The eastern Badahe is turbidity deposite, making the transition from platform to Nanpanjiang Basin. The Luoping sag within platform provides a fantastic home for marine lives.
罗平生物群保存在中三叠统关岭组二段薄层泥晶灰岩中,生物种类丰富,数量繁多,包含海相脊椎动物、节肢动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、陆相植物以及一些分类未定的化石。其物种多样性大大超过了华南海相关岭生物群、兴义贵州龙动物群以及盘县动物群。鱼类化石是脊椎动物化石的最主要的组成部分,具有重要的研究意义。罗平生物群鱼类化石种类丰富,有Palaeonisciformes(古鳕目)、Saurichthyiformes(龙鱼目)、Peltopleuriformes(肋鳞鱼目)、Perleidiformes(裂齿鱼目)、Semionotiformes(半椎鱼目)、Coelacanthiformes(空棘鱼目)以及一些非半椎鱼类的新鳍鱼类等。本文分别对这些类别进行了系统描述,并建立了两个新属新种即Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis gen. et sp. nov. (高背罗雄鱼)和Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen. et sp. nov. (宽泪颧骨罗平空棘鱼)。针对实测剖面上石坎剖面的三大鱼类化石的个体数进行统计并绘出比例饼状图和比例变化规律直方图,直观的反应了上石坎剖面三大鱼类化石组构关系。
新鳍鱼类在整个鱼类化石总数中占有相当大的比例,且种类繁多,这证明了在中三叠世安尼期新鳍鱼类已经开始全面辐射。
本文以上石坎剖面31层面上富集的鱼类化石作为依托,进行埋藏学特征研究。通过一系列的证据证明了罗平生物群鱼类化石属于原地埋藏。保存完好和关联好的鱼类化石对应的是灰黑色薄层到纹层状泥质灰岩或泥晶灰岩中,指示了一个安静、缺氧的底部环境。
罗平生物群的生物具备了从初级生产者到初级消费者,再到高级消费者,最后再到分解者的全部类别,已经形成了一个健康完整的食物链。本文在辅助剖面的测制(马场剖面、裸可剖面、小寨剖面、四方石剖面、金歹剖面和门前坡剖面)和野外化石层位露头的基础上,恢复了罗平生物群的生态环境。首先确定了罗平生物群化石产出的核心区域,然后从化石分布核心区向外围追溯,探明了罗平台内盆地的东西界限,进一步限定了罗平台内凹陷的范围。罗平台内凹陷西至阿梅者-茶安-勒泥朵,再向西便是泸西台内凹陷;东至土地庙、蚌山和八大河过渡到南盘江盆地。罗平台内凹陷为种类丰富的海洋生物提供了一个安乐窝。
The palaeogeographic location of Luoping area in Middle Triassic period located between the east of Kangdian old land and the western edge of Nanpanjiang basin. In the period of Middle Triassic, there was a series of small sags within the platform distributed on the Yangtze carbonate platform under the function of Indo-China Orogeny. Luoping area was one of the sag within the platform.
Luoping Biota was preserved in the laminated micritic limestone, which belong to the second member of Guanling Formation, Middle Trassic. Various fossils have been found in Luoping Biota including marine vertebrates, arthorpods, echinoderms, mollusk, continental plants as well as some undetermined species. And its species diversity is much more than the Guanling Fauna, Xingyi Fauna and Panxian Fauna in Southern China. Among the vertebrate fossils, fish fossils are the main part. As a result, studing on the fish fossils is of great significance to the research of the whole biota. Luoping Biota has a great variety of fish fossils. There are Palaeonisciformes, Saurichthyiformes, Perleidiformes, Peltopleuriformes, Semionotiformes, Coelacanth- iformes and some non-semionotiformes neopterygians. This thesis describes those different types respectively. Some of them is new genus and species, for example, Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis gen. et sp. nov. and Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrima- lis gen. et sp. nov.
In order to reflect the proportion of the three typical types of fish fossils, we do the statistic analysis and draw the histogram on the basis of those fish fossils from Shangshikan Section. It is proved that the neopterygian take a great proportion in the total number. That is to say, neopterygian began to radiate in the Middle Triassic.
The taphonomic features of fish fossils is studied based on the 31th. layer of Shangshikan Section. It is proved that they all preserved at the orignal places. Most of well-preserved fish fossils correspond to grey-black laminated micrite and muddy limestone. It indicates undisturbed and anoxic bottom environment.
Different fossils play different roles in Luoping Biota. From the primary producer, primary customer, senior customer to decomposer, Luoping Biota has a healthy food chain. On the basis of assistant sections (Machang Section, Luoke Section, Xiaozhai Section, Sifangshi Section, Jindai Section and Menqianpo Section) and fossil outcrop, we recover the paleoenvironment of Luoping Biota. Firstly, we determine the key area which has the fossil layers on the basis of the fossil outcrop. Secondly, we observe the outarea from the key area and find the scope of Luoping sag within the platform. The western boundary is along the Ameizhe-Chaan-Leniduo village. Beyond the western bountary is the Luxi sag within platform. The eastern boundary is along Tudimiao-Bengshan village. The eastern Badahe is turbidity deposite, making the transition from platform to Nanpanjiang Basin. The Luoping sag within platform provides a fantastic home for marine lives.
引文
[1]程裕淇.中国地层典—三叠系[M].第一版.北京:地质出版社,2000.
[2]冯增昭.滇黔桂地区早中三叠世岩相古地理[M].第一版.东营:石油大学出版社,1994.
[3]李锦玲,金帆.畅游在两亿年前的海洋:华南三叠纪海生爬行类和环境巡礼[M ].北京:科学出版社,2009:99-121.
[4]吴应林,朱洪发,朱忠发,颜仰基,秦建华等.中国南方三叠纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[5]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志.第一版.北京:地质出版社,1990.179-201.
[6]云南省地质局第二区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告1:200000罗平幅G-48-XXVII[R],云南省地质局,1977.
[7]章正军,丁俊,赵珉.滇东南三叠纪层序地层及盆地演化[M].第一版.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.7-10.
[8]白建科,张启跃,尹福光,谢韬,周长勇,吕涛,冯静.云南罗平生物群埋藏环境初步研究:来自沉积构造的证据[J].沉积学报,2010,28(4):762-767.
[9]陈孝红,王传尚,程龙.关岭生物群的起源与环境演化[J].资源环境与工程,2007,(suppl):4-9.
[10]冯增昭,鲍志东,吴胜和,李永铁,王国力.中国南方早中三叠世岩相古地理[J].地质科学,1997,32(2):212-220.
[11]耿丙河,朱敏,金帆.贵州空棘鱼属的修订与系统发育分析1)[J].脊椎动物学报,2009,47(3):165-177.
[12]黄金元,张克信,张启跃.云南罗平中三叠世大凹子剖面牙形石生物地层及其沉积环境研究[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(3):211-224.
[13]金帆,王念忠,蔡正全.华南下扬子区的裂齿鱼化石——华南二叠系—三叠系界限上下鱼类序列研究之二[J].古脊椎动物学报,2003,41(3):169-184.
[14]金幸生.浙江长兴组空棘鱼一新种[J].科技通报,1997,13(3):143-147.
[15]刘宪亭.海相下三叠统空棘鱼化石在我国广西的发现[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1964,8(2):211-212.
[16]刘宪亭,魏丰.浙江长兴灰岩中的龙鱼化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,1988,26(2):77-89.
[17]刘冠邦,朱兆信,张兴良,艾芳.记甘肃华池的一件空棘鱼类化石[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(4): 474-480.
[18]刘冠邦,尹恭正,王雪华.贵州兴义晚三叠世贵州龙层新发现的鱼类[J].古生物学报,2003,42(3):346-366.
[19]刘冠邦,尹恭正,王雪华.贵州关岭晚三叠世法郎组瓦窑段鱼类化石初步观察[J].古生物学报,2006,45(1):1-20.
[20]钱迈平,朱士鹏,赵凤鸣.江苏句容早三叠世鱼类化石之发现及其意义[J].江苏地质,1997,21(2):65-71.
[21]苏德造.贵州兴义海相三叠纪鱼化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1959,1(4):205-210.
[22]苏德造.记裂齿鱼属(Perleidus)一新种[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,4(2):108-122.
[23]苏德造,黎作骢.记湖北大冶群一新的裂齿鱼类[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1983,21(1):9-15.
[24]苏德造.四川东部晚三叠世的辐鳍鱼类[J].古脊椎动物学报,1983,21(4):275-285.
[25]苏德造.陕北延长群一新古鳕类及其生物地层意义[J].古脊椎动物学报,1984,22(4): 261-168.
[26]王念忠,刘宪亭.浙江长兴组的空棘鱼化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,19(4):305-312.
[27]吴应林,颜仰基,秦建华.扬子台地西缘早、中三叠世古地理重建[J].岩相古地理,1995,15(3):17-33.
[28]汪啸风,陈孝红,程龙,王传尚.关岭及相关生物群沉积与生态环境的探讨[J].古生物学报,2009,48(3): 509-526.
[29]孙媛媛,刘俊,吕涛,许效松,张启跃,楼雄英,江新胜.罗平生物群产出层位碳氧稳定同位素的初步研究[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1110-1117.
[30]周晓和,刘宪亭.陕西横山麒麟沟鱼化石[J].古生物学报,1957,5(2):295-305.
[31]张廷山,候方浩,方少仙.比较埋藏学与埋藏相及其环境意义简介及评述[J].沉积学报,1992,10(1): 36-46.
[32]赵丽君,卢立伍.浙江长兴早三叠世裂齿鱼一新属[J].古生物学报,2007,46(2): 238-243.
[33]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛.云南罗平中三叠世安尼期生物群的发现及其意义[J].地质论评,2008,54(4):523-525.
[34]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛,谢韬,李富.滇东罗平地区发现中三叠世安尼期鱼类化石[J].地质通报,2008,27(3):429.
[35]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛.云南中三叠世罗平生物群地层时代的厘定:来自牙形石的证据[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(3):300-305.
[36]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛,白建科.云南罗平地区中三叠世龙鱼化石的发现[J].地质通报,2010,29(1):26-30.
[37] David J. Bottjer.Exceptional fossil preservation: A unique view on the evolution of marine life [M].Columbia University Press, 1983:238-242.
[38] Adrinan López-Arbarello, The record of Mesozoic fishes from Gondwana (excluding India and Madagascar)[J]. Mesozoic Fishes 3-Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity, 2004:597-624.
[39] Adrinan López-Arbarello, Oliver W. M. Rauhut. The Triassic fish faunas of the Cuyana Basin, Western Argentina[J]. Palaeontology, 2010.53(2): 249-276.
[40] Bürgin T. Basal ray-finned fishes (Osteichthyes; Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Tessin, Switzerland): Systematic Palaeontology with notes on functional morphology and Palaeoecology[J]. Schweizerische Pal?ontologische Abhandlungen, 1992.114: 5-164.
[41] Bienkowska M. Taphonomy of ichthyofauna from an Oligocene sequence (Tylawa Limestones horizon) of the Outer Carpathians, Poland[J]. Poland. Geol. Quart. 2004.48(2): 81-192.
[42] Clement G. The Actinistian (Sarcopterygii) Piveeteauia madagascariensis from the Lower Triassic of Northwestern Madagascar: a redescription on the basis of new material[J]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.1999. 19(2): 234-242.
[43] Chen B. H., Zhu M., Jin F. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of Guizhoucoelacanthus (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) from the Triassic of China[J]. Verterbrata Palasiatica. 2009. 47(3): 165-177.
[44] Forey P.L. History of the coelacanth fishes[M]. London: Chapman & Hall. 1998: 1-419.
[45] Gehling J. G. Microbial mats in terminal proterozoic siliciclastics: Ediacaran death masks[J]. Palaios, 1999. 14: 40-57.
[46] Gardiner, B.G., Maisey, J., and Littlewood, D.T.J. Interrelationships of basal neopterygians In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D. (eds), Interrelationships of Fishes[M]. Academic Press: New York, 1996: 117-146.
[47] Hurley, I.A., Mueller, R.L., Dunn, K.A., Schmidt, E.J., Friedman, M., Ho, R.K., Prince, V.E., Yang, Z., Thomas, M.G., and Coates, M.I. A new time-scale for ray-finned fish evolution[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 2007. 274: 489–498.
[48] Hu, S.X., Zhang, Q.Y., Chen, Z.Q., Zhou, C.Y., Lü, T., Xie, T., Wen, W., Huang, J.Y., and Benton, M.J. The Luoping biota: exceptional preservation, and new evidence on the Triassic recovery from end-Permian mass extinction[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, in press. 2011. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2235).
[49] Jinnan Tong, Xiugao Zhou. Fossil fishea from the lower Triassic of Majiashan, Chaohu, Anhui province, China[J]. Journal of Paleontology, 2006. 80(1): 146–161.
[50] Lambers, P. H. A redescription of the coelacanth Macropoma willemoesii VETTER from the lithographic limestone of Solnhofen (Upper Jurassic, Bavaria)[C]. Mesozoic Fishes-Systematics and Paleoecology, 1996: 395-407.
[51] Lund R, Lund W L. New genera and species of coelacanths from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) of Montana (U.S.A.)[J]. Geobios, 1984. 17(2): 237-244.
[52] Mutter, R.J. Recovery process of Early-Middle Triassic marine fishes[C]. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver. 2004.36(5):178.
[53] Wu, F.X., Sun, Y.L., Hao, W.C., Hang, D.Y., Xu, G.H., Sun, Z.Y., and Tintori, A. New species of Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: Saurichthyidae) from Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Yunnan Province, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009. 83: 440-450.
[54] Wu, F.X., Sun, Y.L., Xu G.H., Hao, W.C., Jiang D.Y., Su. Z.Y. New saurichthyid fishes (Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic (Pelsonian, Anisian) of southwestern China[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, in press. 2011. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0007.
[55] Schaeffer B. The Triassic Coelacanth fish Diplurus, with observations on the evolution of the Coelacanthini[J]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1952.99(2): 31-78.
[56] Schwimmer D. R. Giant fossil coelacanths of the Late Cretaceous in the eastern United States[J]. Geology, 1994.22: 503-506.
[57] Sun, Z.Y., Tintori, A., Jiang, D.Y., Lombardo, C., Rusconi, M., Hao, W.C., and Sun, Y.L. A new perleidiform (Actinopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Yunnan, South China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009. 83: 460-470.
[58] Tintori, A. Two new pycnodonts (Pisces, Actinopterygii) from the Upper Triassic of Lombardy (N. Italy)[J]. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 1981.86: 795-821.
[59] Tintori, A., Fiah Taphonomy and Triassic anoxic basins from the Alps: a case history[J]. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 1992. 97(3-4): 393-408.
[60] Tintori, A., Fish biodiversity in the marine Norian (Late Triassic) of northern Italy: the first Neopterygian radiation[J]. Ital. J. Zool, 1998. 65(suppl): 193-198.
[61] Tintori, A., Cristina Lombardo. Late Ladinian fish faunas from Lombardy[C]. Mesozoic fish 2, 1999:495-504.
[62] Tintori, A., Sun, Z. Y., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D. Y., Sun, Y. L., and Hao, W. C. New specialized basal Neopterygians (Actinopterygaii) from Triassic of the Tethys Realm[J]. Geol. Insubr, 2007. 10: 13-20.
[63] Tintori, A., Sun, Z.Y., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D.Y., Sun, Y.L., and Hao, W. C. A new basal neopterygian from the Middle Triassic of Luoping County (South China)[J]. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 2010. 116: 161-172.
[2]冯增昭.滇黔桂地区早中三叠世岩相古地理[M].第一版.东营:石油大学出版社,1994.
[3]李锦玲,金帆.畅游在两亿年前的海洋:华南三叠纪海生爬行类和环境巡礼[M ].北京:科学出版社,2009:99-121.
[4]吴应林,朱洪发,朱忠发,颜仰基,秦建华等.中国南方三叠纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[5]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志.第一版.北京:地质出版社,1990.179-201.
[6]云南省地质局第二区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告1:200000罗平幅G-48-XXVII[R],云南省地质局,1977.
[7]章正军,丁俊,赵珉.滇东南三叠纪层序地层及盆地演化[M].第一版.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.7-10.
[8]白建科,张启跃,尹福光,谢韬,周长勇,吕涛,冯静.云南罗平生物群埋藏环境初步研究:来自沉积构造的证据[J].沉积学报,2010,28(4):762-767.
[9]陈孝红,王传尚,程龙.关岭生物群的起源与环境演化[J].资源环境与工程,2007,(suppl):4-9.
[10]冯增昭,鲍志东,吴胜和,李永铁,王国力.中国南方早中三叠世岩相古地理[J].地质科学,1997,32(2):212-220.
[11]耿丙河,朱敏,金帆.贵州空棘鱼属的修订与系统发育分析1)[J].脊椎动物学报,2009,47(3):165-177.
[12]黄金元,张克信,张启跃.云南罗平中三叠世大凹子剖面牙形石生物地层及其沉积环境研究[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(3):211-224.
[13]金帆,王念忠,蔡正全.华南下扬子区的裂齿鱼化石——华南二叠系—三叠系界限上下鱼类序列研究之二[J].古脊椎动物学报,2003,41(3):169-184.
[14]金幸生.浙江长兴组空棘鱼一新种[J].科技通报,1997,13(3):143-147.
[15]刘宪亭.海相下三叠统空棘鱼化石在我国广西的发现[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1964,8(2):211-212.
[16]刘宪亭,魏丰.浙江长兴灰岩中的龙鱼化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,1988,26(2):77-89.
[17]刘冠邦,朱兆信,张兴良,艾芳.记甘肃华池的一件空棘鱼类化石[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(4): 474-480.
[18]刘冠邦,尹恭正,王雪华.贵州兴义晚三叠世贵州龙层新发现的鱼类[J].古生物学报,2003,42(3):346-366.
[19]刘冠邦,尹恭正,王雪华.贵州关岭晚三叠世法郎组瓦窑段鱼类化石初步观察[J].古生物学报,2006,45(1):1-20.
[20]钱迈平,朱士鹏,赵凤鸣.江苏句容早三叠世鱼类化石之发现及其意义[J].江苏地质,1997,21(2):65-71.
[21]苏德造.贵州兴义海相三叠纪鱼化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1959,1(4):205-210.
[22]苏德造.记裂齿鱼属(Perleidus)一新种[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,4(2):108-122.
[23]苏德造,黎作骢.记湖北大冶群一新的裂齿鱼类[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1983,21(1):9-15.
[24]苏德造.四川东部晚三叠世的辐鳍鱼类[J].古脊椎动物学报,1983,21(4):275-285.
[25]苏德造.陕北延长群一新古鳕类及其生物地层意义[J].古脊椎动物学报,1984,22(4): 261-168.
[26]王念忠,刘宪亭.浙江长兴组的空棘鱼化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,19(4):305-312.
[27]吴应林,颜仰基,秦建华.扬子台地西缘早、中三叠世古地理重建[J].岩相古地理,1995,15(3):17-33.
[28]汪啸风,陈孝红,程龙,王传尚.关岭及相关生物群沉积与生态环境的探讨[J].古生物学报,2009,48(3): 509-526.
[29]孙媛媛,刘俊,吕涛,许效松,张启跃,楼雄英,江新胜.罗平生物群产出层位碳氧稳定同位素的初步研究[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1110-1117.
[30]周晓和,刘宪亭.陕西横山麒麟沟鱼化石[J].古生物学报,1957,5(2):295-305.
[31]张廷山,候方浩,方少仙.比较埋藏学与埋藏相及其环境意义简介及评述[J].沉积学报,1992,10(1): 36-46.
[32]赵丽君,卢立伍.浙江长兴早三叠世裂齿鱼一新属[J].古生物学报,2007,46(2): 238-243.
[33]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛.云南罗平中三叠世安尼期生物群的发现及其意义[J].地质论评,2008,54(4):523-525.
[34]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛,谢韬,李富.滇东罗平地区发现中三叠世安尼期鱼类化石[J].地质通报,2008,27(3):429.
[35]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛.云南中三叠世罗平生物群地层时代的厘定:来自牙形石的证据[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(3):300-305.
[36]张启跃,周长勇,吕涛,白建科.云南罗平地区中三叠世龙鱼化石的发现[J].地质通报,2010,29(1):26-30.
[37] David J. Bottjer.Exceptional fossil preservation: A unique view on the evolution of marine life [M].Columbia University Press, 1983:238-242.
[38] Adrinan López-Arbarello, The record of Mesozoic fishes from Gondwana (excluding India and Madagascar)[J]. Mesozoic Fishes 3-Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity, 2004:597-624.
[39] Adrinan López-Arbarello, Oliver W. M. Rauhut. The Triassic fish faunas of the Cuyana Basin, Western Argentina[J]. Palaeontology, 2010.53(2): 249-276.
[40] Bürgin T. Basal ray-finned fishes (Osteichthyes; Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Tessin, Switzerland): Systematic Palaeontology with notes on functional morphology and Palaeoecology[J]. Schweizerische Pal?ontologische Abhandlungen, 1992.114: 5-164.
[41] Bienkowska M. Taphonomy of ichthyofauna from an Oligocene sequence (Tylawa Limestones horizon) of the Outer Carpathians, Poland[J]. Poland. Geol. Quart. 2004.48(2): 81-192.
[42] Clement G. The Actinistian (Sarcopterygii) Piveeteauia madagascariensis from the Lower Triassic of Northwestern Madagascar: a redescription on the basis of new material[J]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.1999. 19(2): 234-242.
[43] Chen B. H., Zhu M., Jin F. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of Guizhoucoelacanthus (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) from the Triassic of China[J]. Verterbrata Palasiatica. 2009. 47(3): 165-177.
[44] Forey P.L. History of the coelacanth fishes[M]. London: Chapman & Hall. 1998: 1-419.
[45] Gehling J. G. Microbial mats in terminal proterozoic siliciclastics: Ediacaran death masks[J]. Palaios, 1999. 14: 40-57.
[46] Gardiner, B.G., Maisey, J., and Littlewood, D.T.J. Interrelationships of basal neopterygians In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D. (eds), Interrelationships of Fishes[M]. Academic Press: New York, 1996: 117-146.
[47] Hurley, I.A., Mueller, R.L., Dunn, K.A., Schmidt, E.J., Friedman, M., Ho, R.K., Prince, V.E., Yang, Z., Thomas, M.G., and Coates, M.I. A new time-scale for ray-finned fish evolution[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 2007. 274: 489–498.
[48] Hu, S.X., Zhang, Q.Y., Chen, Z.Q., Zhou, C.Y., Lü, T., Xie, T., Wen, W., Huang, J.Y., and Benton, M.J. The Luoping biota: exceptional preservation, and new evidence on the Triassic recovery from end-Permian mass extinction[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, in press. 2011. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2235).
[49] Jinnan Tong, Xiugao Zhou. Fossil fishea from the lower Triassic of Majiashan, Chaohu, Anhui province, China[J]. Journal of Paleontology, 2006. 80(1): 146–161.
[50] Lambers, P. H. A redescription of the coelacanth Macropoma willemoesii VETTER from the lithographic limestone of Solnhofen (Upper Jurassic, Bavaria)[C]. Mesozoic Fishes-Systematics and Paleoecology, 1996: 395-407.
[51] Lund R, Lund W L. New genera and species of coelacanths from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) of Montana (U.S.A.)[J]. Geobios, 1984. 17(2): 237-244.
[52] Mutter, R.J. Recovery process of Early-Middle Triassic marine fishes[C]. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver. 2004.36(5):178.
[53] Wu, F.X., Sun, Y.L., Hao, W.C., Hang, D.Y., Xu, G.H., Sun, Z.Y., and Tintori, A. New species of Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: Saurichthyidae) from Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Yunnan Province, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009. 83: 440-450.
[54] Wu, F.X., Sun, Y.L., Xu G.H., Hao, W.C., Jiang D.Y., Su. Z.Y. New saurichthyid fishes (Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic (Pelsonian, Anisian) of southwestern China[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, in press. 2011. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0007.
[55] Schaeffer B. The Triassic Coelacanth fish Diplurus, with observations on the evolution of the Coelacanthini[J]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1952.99(2): 31-78.
[56] Schwimmer D. R. Giant fossil coelacanths of the Late Cretaceous in the eastern United States[J]. Geology, 1994.22: 503-506.
[57] Sun, Z.Y., Tintori, A., Jiang, D.Y., Lombardo, C., Rusconi, M., Hao, W.C., and Sun, Y.L. A new perleidiform (Actinopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Yunnan, South China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009. 83: 460-470.
[58] Tintori, A. Two new pycnodonts (Pisces, Actinopterygii) from the Upper Triassic of Lombardy (N. Italy)[J]. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 1981.86: 795-821.
[59] Tintori, A., Fiah Taphonomy and Triassic anoxic basins from the Alps: a case history[J]. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 1992. 97(3-4): 393-408.
[60] Tintori, A., Fish biodiversity in the marine Norian (Late Triassic) of northern Italy: the first Neopterygian radiation[J]. Ital. J. Zool, 1998. 65(suppl): 193-198.
[61] Tintori, A., Cristina Lombardo. Late Ladinian fish faunas from Lombardy[C]. Mesozoic fish 2, 1999:495-504.
[62] Tintori, A., Sun, Z. Y., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D. Y., Sun, Y. L., and Hao, W. C. New specialized basal Neopterygians (Actinopterygaii) from Triassic of the Tethys Realm[J]. Geol. Insubr, 2007. 10: 13-20.
[63] Tintori, A., Sun, Z.Y., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D.Y., Sun, Y.L., and Hao, W. C. A new basal neopterygian from the Middle Triassic of Luoping County (South China)[J]. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 2010. 116: 161-172.