基于分形理论的单探头单波束微地形探测系统研究
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摘要
随着陆地矿产资源的日趋枯竭和人类对海洋认识的日益深化,海洋资源的开发得到了越来越多的关注。由于海底富钴结壳具有巨大的经济价值和重要的战略意义,因此不论从经济效益还是维护国家海洋权益的政策方针角度上看,开发海底富钴结壳等矿产资源对我国都具有十分重要的战略意义,是实现国民经济建设可持续发展目标的重要战略。而钴结壳表面微地形监测技术是钴结壳最优化采集过程中不可绕过的关键技术。
     本论文就是在这种背景和形势下,以国家自然科学基金资助项目“深海钴结壳微地形监测技术与最佳采集深度建模研究”(项目编号:50474052)为依托,为实现钴结壳开采寻求一种在当前阶段比较适合的水下微地形探测方法,并设计该微地形探测仪器,通过实验研究检验该探测仪器的精度及地形重构模型的可靠性,为实现钴结壳采集方法的要求提供理论和实验依据。本论文的主要研究内容是:
     1、在查阅大量水下地形探测文献的基础上,提出了一种单探头单波束微地形探测方法,详细设计并建立基于此方法的探测仪的全套实验装置。
     2、研制了基于研华PCL-839+运动控制卡的步进电机驱动系统以及微地形高程数据采集与处理软件系统。
     3、研究了钴结壳微地形表面具有的各向异性特征,提出了此种地形的分形维数的计算方法,确定了微地形分形特征的无标度区域,并应用基于分形理论的中点随机移位插值算法对数据进行处理。
     4、应用经过上述插值处理的微地形特征数据在计算机中重构出微地形图。通过在不同的地表特征下进行水池实验进一步检验该微地形探测仪的可靠性。
     本论文进行了具有理论意义和工程实践价值的创新性研究探索,研究结果为监测深海富钴结壳微地形特征打下了良好的理论基础,并为将来实际钴结壳矿产资源开发设计中要建立的地形重构模型提供了技术原型。
Along with land mineral resources used up by human beings day by day and people knew more about the sea, marine resources development obtained more and more attention. Because the seabed cobalt-rich crusts encrustation has the huge economic value and the important strategic sense, so regardless of from the angle of safeguarding the country's maritime rights or economical benefits, developing cobalt-rich crusts and other mineral resources is of great strategic significance on the development of our country. And cobalt-rich crusts surface tiny-terrian monitoring technology is the key technology which can not pass by in acquisition process optimization.
     Under this kind of background and situation, the project "Research on Detection Technology of Deep sea cobalt-rich crusts tiny terrain and best cutting-depth controlling model"(NO:50474052) is funded by National Natural Science Fund Committee. This paper tried to put forward one kind of tiny terrain detection method under water in the current stage and design the whole tiny terrain detection equipment model, After that, Through plenty of experimental research this paper examined the reliability of the reconstruction model and the accuracy of the detection equipment, which can provide theoretical and experimental evidence for cobalt crusts acquisition methods. The main contents of this paper are:
     Firstly,through searching for a lot of documents about tiny terrain detecting underwater both domestic and foreign, the first single-beam rotating tiny-terrain detection method was put forward, and then, the detector based on the set of experimental devices were detailed designed..
     Secondly, this paper developed step-motor driver software system based on Advantech motion controlling card PCL-839+ and tiny terrain elevation data acquisition and processing software system .
     Thirdly, the paper proves direction-dissimilarity of the tiny terrain of cobalt-rich, giving a method of calculating the fractional dimension for this kind of tiny terrain, determines the fractal non-scale range of the fractional characteristics of tiny terrain, puts forward an approach to fractional characteristics of different direction
     Finally, the tiny terrain map was reconstructed in computer by using the tiny terrain features data. After that, for verifying the accuracy and reliability of the entire system. Lots of further experimental study of different surface characteristics had been done.
     This paper was a theoretical and practical value of innovative research and exploration projects. The results for the monitoring of deep-sea cobalt-rich crusts tiny terrain features laid a good theoretical basis, which establish a technology prototype model of the tiny terrain reconstruction for the real development of cobalt crusts and other mineral resources in the future.
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