钻头选型方法研究与应用
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摘要
钻头是直接破碎井底岩石的工具，钻井速度的高低与钻头类型密切相关。长期以来国内外学者在如何选择钻头方面作了大量的研究工作，概括起来被广泛应用的成果有：一是利用测井资料求取与钻头选型相关的岩石力学参数进行钻头选型；二是分析评价已钻井的钻头资料进行钻头选型。这两种方法中，前者适合于探井或钻井资料不充分的井，后者适合于已有大量钻头使用资料的井。结合新疆油田的实际情况，本文从上述两个方面入手开展了钻头选型的研究与应用工作，现场应用效果明显，为今后新疆油田钻头选型工作提供了定量化技术手段。
本文在利用测井资料计算与岩石破碎相关的力学参数方面讨论了影响其力学参数计算的因素，根据实验资料建立了横波与纵波的转换统计模型；建立了牙轮钻头和PDC钻头岩石可钻性、岩石抗剪强度和岩石抗压强度与测井数据的关系模型；提出了按岩石力学参数对地层进行分层的计算方法。在中国石油重点探井东湾1井的应用实践表明，这种钻头选型方法显示了较好的实用性。在利用已钻井资料来评价钻头选型的研究方法中，本文从研究比能、钻速等影响钻头主要评价因素入手，提出了用主因子分析方法评价钻头选型，建立了钻头评价优选多因素综合分析的新思路，对2001年新疆克拉玛依油田八区钻头资料进行了分析，建立了全井钻头优选系列，2002年在八区19口井中的应用分析表明，比2001年该区块纯机械钻速提高了20％，该方法对提高钻井数据信息的利用开辟了新的途径。论文还提出了用神经网络系统来进行钻头综合选型的构想，并进行了探讨，这个问题还需要今后进一步研究。
Bit is the tool of crash rock and rate of drilling is deep related with type of bit. Inside and outside scholars make a lot of research all through which include two sides: on the one hand bit select by the parameter of rock which are obtained by log data, on the other hand bit select by results of evaluation of used bit. The first way is fit for the exploration well or the well that a lack of drilling data. The latter is fit for area that has enough drilling data. Based on practical situation of Xinjiang oil field, we develop the research of bit selection from the two sides and the practical effect is good. Those offer a method of bit selecting by quantitative analysis in xinjiang oil field for the future.
In the paper, we predict the crashing parameter of rock using logging data, and set up the conversion model of P wave and S wave, set up the relation of rock bit drillability and PDC drillability, the relation of rock compressing strength, shear strength and logging data, and put forward the method of formation separation compute on rock parameter. The practice in the DongWan 1 well that is an important explore well of CNPC show that the bit selection way have good practicability. On the aspect of bit selection of using the drilling data, in the paper we research the specific energy etc which effect the capability of bit and put forward using the principal factor way to evaluate bit and select bit. After analyze the all used bit in 2001 in 8 area of XingJiang oil field, we put up the bit optimize selection series. The using effecting of 19 wells in the 8 area in 2002 show that the ROP improve 20% than the average ROP in 2001.In the paper also put forward bit selection way using nerve net and discuss the problem.
本文在利用测井资料计算与岩石破碎相关的力学参数方面讨论了影响其力学参数计算的因素，根据实验资料建立了横波与纵波的转换统计模型；建立了牙轮钻头和PDC钻头岩石可钻性、岩石抗剪强度和岩石抗压强度与测井数据的关系模型；提出了按岩石力学参数对地层进行分层的计算方法。在中国石油重点探井东湾1井的应用实践表明，这种钻头选型方法显示了较好的实用性。在利用已钻井资料来评价钻头选型的研究方法中，本文从研究比能、钻速等影响钻头主要评价因素入手，提出了用主因子分析方法评价钻头选型，建立了钻头评价优选多因素综合分析的新思路，对2001年新疆克拉玛依油田八区钻头资料进行了分析，建立了全井钻头优选系列，2002年在八区19口井中的应用分析表明，比2001年该区块纯机械钻速提高了20％，该方法对提高钻井数据信息的利用开辟了新的途径。论文还提出了用神经网络系统来进行钻头综合选型的构想，并进行了探讨，这个问题还需要今后进一步研究。
Bit is the tool of crash rock and rate of drilling is deep related with type of bit. Inside and outside scholars make a lot of research all through which include two sides: on the one hand bit select by the parameter of rock which are obtained by log data, on the other hand bit select by results of evaluation of used bit. The first way is fit for the exploration well or the well that a lack of drilling data. The latter is fit for area that has enough drilling data. Based on practical situation of Xinjiang oil field, we develop the research of bit selection from the two sides and the practical effect is good. Those offer a method of bit selecting by quantitative analysis in xinjiang oil field for the future.
In the paper, we predict the crashing parameter of rock using logging data, and set up the conversion model of P wave and S wave, set up the relation of rock bit drillability and PDC drillability, the relation of rock compressing strength, shear strength and logging data, and put forward the method of formation separation compute on rock parameter. The practice in the DongWan 1 well that is an important explore well of CNPC show that the bit selection way have good practicability. On the aspect of bit selection of using the drilling data, in the paper we research the specific energy etc which effect the capability of bit and put forward using the principal factor way to evaluate bit and select bit. After analyze the all used bit in 2001 in 8 area of XingJiang oil field, we put up the bit optimize selection series. The using effecting of 19 wells in the 8 area in 2002 show that the ROP improve 20% than the average ROP in 2001.In the paper also put forward bit selection way using nerve net and discuss the problem.
引文
[1]尹宏锦：实用岩石可钻性，石油大学出版社，1987
[2]林韵梅等：岩石分级的理论与实践，石油工业出版社，1988
[3]边蔚奇译[美]C·G·维特：岩石可钻性指数，煤炭工业出版社，1980
[4]徐小荷，余静：岩石破碎学，煤炭工业出版社，1985
[5]张厚美，张良万，刘天生：钻头选型方法研究，天然气工业1994(14)
[6]冯定，苏开科：钻头选型方法综述，国外油气科技 1996，48(3)
[7]王让甲：声波岩石分级和岩石动弹性力学参数的分析研究
[8]蒂穆尔(Timur，A．)：测井分析家协会专题选辑，石油工业出版社，1985
[9][美]D．V．埃利斯：地球物理测井基础及应用，石油工业出版社，1993
[10]陈成宗等，“岩体声波探测技术在铁道工程中的应用”，《铁道部科学研究院论文集》，1980．3
[11]陈成宗：工程岩体声波探测技术，铁道工业出版社
[12]King, M.S. "Static and Dynamic Elastic Module of Rocks under Pressure"Proc. 11th Symposium on Rock Mechanics(June 16-19,1969) 329-351
[13]孙颖 李振选 赵德喜 牛爱娟 利用测井资料进行钻头选型 石油钻采工艺 1996(第18卷)第3期．
[14]林耀民 刘卫东 测井中四个纵横波转换经验公式分析 钻采工艺 1996年19卷1期
[15]李庆忠：岩石的纵横波速规律，石油地球物理勘探，1992(1)
[16]刘向君 孟英峰：岩石可钻性和钻速预测天然气工业第19卷第5期61-63
[17]赵军，蔡亚西 林元华：声波测井资料在岩石可钻性及钻头选型中的应用 测井技术 2001 305-307
[18]李祖奎等：利用声波测井资料预测地层可钻性及钻速的试验研究 焦作公学院学报，第18卷第3期，1995年5月．
[19]李士斌等：PDC钻头的优选的方法，大庆石油学报，1999，23(2)
[20]邹德永，尹宏锦：PDC钻头钻进的岩石可钻性研究，石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1993，17(1)
[21]张坤华：金刚石钻头IADC分类标准，石油工业标准化，1987，3(4)
[22]赵旭东：石油数学地质概论，石油工业出版社，1988
[23]陆明德，田时芸：石油天然气数学地质，中国地质大学出版社，1
[24]A Practical Method for Modeling Bit Performance Using Mud Logging Data SPE/IADC 37583
[25]徐济银等，比能在钻头选型中的应用，钻采工艺，1996，19(6)
[26]Hussaain Rabit: Specific Energy as a Griterion for Bit Selection, JOURNAL OF PERTOLEUM TECHNOLOGY [27]翟应虎译；一种选择钻头的新方法，国外钻井技术，1998．5
[28]于润桥．用综合指数方法选择钻头类型．石油钻探技术，1993，21(3)
[29]张海平，评选钻头的新方法。石油钻采工艺，1998(3)
[30]冯定：神经网络在钻头选型中的应用研究石油钻探技术1998年3月第26卷第1期43-45
[31]J.R. Spaar. and L.W. Lendgerwood. Formation compressive strength estimaters for predicting drillability and PDC bit selection. SPE/IADC 29397
[32] Andersen E E. PDC-Bit Performance Under Simulated Borehole conditions. SPE 16253
[33] Mason K I. Tricone Bit Selection Using Sonic Logs. In: SPE, 13256
[34] S Catalder S, Rayal J. Measurement of Some Mechanical Properties of Rock and Theri Relationship to Rock Drillability. JPT, Aug, 1996
[35] PDC Bit Selection Through Cost Prediction Estimates Using Crossplots and Sonic Log data SPE/IADC 25733
[36] Gregory, A.R. shear wave velocity measurement of sedimentary rock samples under compression. 5th Symposium on Rock Mechanics. Proc, University of Minnersota, 1963
[37] A G Rollow. Estimating Dillability in the Laboratory. Rock Mechanics Proc of the Fifth Symp on Rock Mechanics 93
[38] W J Winters. Roller Bit NOdel With Rock Ductility and Cone Offset. SPE 16696
[39] Young F S Jr. Computeriged Drilling Control. Trans, AIME, VOL 246,1969,483
[40] Freess F. Seismic Velocities. Handbook of Physical Constants, Revised Editon Edlgical Soc of America.
[41] Murphy, M. MOdulus Decomposition of Compressional and Shear Velocities in Saand BOdies. Geophysics, 1993, 58(2): 227-239
[2]林韵梅等：岩石分级的理论与实践，石油工业出版社，1988
[3]边蔚奇译[美]C·G·维特：岩石可钻性指数，煤炭工业出版社，1980
[4]徐小荷，余静：岩石破碎学，煤炭工业出版社，1985
[5]张厚美，张良万，刘天生：钻头选型方法研究，天然气工业1994(14)
[6]冯定，苏开科：钻头选型方法综述，国外油气科技 1996，48(3)
[7]王让甲：声波岩石分级和岩石动弹性力学参数的分析研究
[8]蒂穆尔(Timur，A．)：测井分析家协会专题选辑，石油工业出版社，1985
[9][美]D．V．埃利斯：地球物理测井基础及应用，石油工业出版社，1993
[10]陈成宗等，“岩体声波探测技术在铁道工程中的应用”，《铁道部科学研究院论文集》，1980．3
[11]陈成宗：工程岩体声波探测技术，铁道工业出版社
[12]King, M.S. "Static and Dynamic Elastic Module of Rocks under Pressure"Proc. 11th Symposium on Rock Mechanics(June 16-19,1969) 329-351
[13]孙颖 李振选 赵德喜 牛爱娟 利用测井资料进行钻头选型 石油钻采工艺 1996(第18卷)第3期．
[14]林耀民 刘卫东 测井中四个纵横波转换经验公式分析 钻采工艺 1996年19卷1期
[15]李庆忠：岩石的纵横波速规律，石油地球物理勘探，1992(1)
[16]刘向君 孟英峰：岩石可钻性和钻速预测天然气工业第19卷第5期61-63
[17]赵军，蔡亚西 林元华：声波测井资料在岩石可钻性及钻头选型中的应用 测井技术 2001 305-307
[18]李祖奎等：利用声波测井资料预测地层可钻性及钻速的试验研究 焦作公学院学报，第18卷第3期，1995年5月．
[19]李士斌等：PDC钻头的优选的方法，大庆石油学报，1999，23(2)
[20]邹德永，尹宏锦：PDC钻头钻进的岩石可钻性研究，石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1993，17(1)
[21]张坤华：金刚石钻头IADC分类标准，石油工业标准化，1987，3(4)
[22]赵旭东：石油数学地质概论，石油工业出版社，1988
[23]陆明德，田时芸：石油天然气数学地质，中国地质大学出版社，1
[24]A Practical Method for Modeling Bit Performance Using Mud Logging Data SPE/IADC 37583
[25]徐济银等，比能在钻头选型中的应用，钻采工艺，1996，19(6)
[26]Hussaain Rabit: Specific Energy as a Griterion for Bit Selection, JOURNAL OF PERTOLEUM TECHNOLOGY
[28]于润桥．用综合指数方法选择钻头类型．石油钻探技术，1993，21(3)
[29]张海平，评选钻头的新方法。石油钻采工艺，1998(3)
[30]冯定：神经网络在钻头选型中的应用研究石油钻探技术1998年3月第26卷第1期43-45
[31]J.R. Spaar. and L.W. Lendgerwood. Formation compressive strength estimaters for predicting drillability and PDC bit selection. SPE/IADC 29397
[32] Andersen E E. PDC-Bit Performance Under Simulated Borehole conditions. SPE 16253
[33] Mason K I. Tricone Bit Selection Using Sonic Logs. In: SPE, 13256
[34] S Catalder S, Rayal J. Measurement of Some Mechanical Properties of Rock and Theri Relationship to Rock Drillability. JPT, Aug, 1996
[35] PDC Bit Selection Through Cost Prediction Estimates Using Crossplots and Sonic Log data SPE/IADC 25733
[36] Gregory, A.R. shear wave velocity measurement of sedimentary rock samples under compression. 5th Symposium on Rock Mechanics. Proc, University of Minnersota, 1963
[37] A G Rollow. Estimating Dillability in the Laboratory. Rock Mechanics Proc of the Fifth Symp on Rock Mechanics 93
[38] W J Winters. Roller Bit NOdel With Rock Ductility and Cone Offset. SPE 16696
[39] Young F S Jr. Computeriged Drilling Control. Trans, AIME, VOL 246,1969,483
[40] Freess F. Seismic Velocities. Handbook of Physical Constants, Revised Editon Edlgical Soc of America.
[41] Murphy, M. MOdulus Decomposition of Compressional and Shear Velocities in Saand BOdies. Geophysics, 1993, 58(2): 227-239