基于MIFARE射频卡读写器的研究与实现
摘要
射频卡是随着半导体技术的发展和社会对信息安全性要求的日益提高而出现的,它成功的将IC卡技术和射频识别技术结合起来,解决了卡内能量来源和信号的无线传输两大难题。相对于目前广泛应用的接触式IC卡,射频卡具有应用可靠性高、操作速度快、保密性能高等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。因此,对射频卡读写器的研究与实现具有重要的现实意义。
射频卡读写器是射频卡应用系统的关键部件之一,在对射频卡系统的相关理论和技术进行研究的基础上,设计了一种基于STC89C53单片机和MF RC530射频接口芯片的高性能、低功耗射频卡读写器。论文首先给出了射频卡技术的相关基本概念并详细介绍了Philips公司的MIFARE射频卡。随后详细介绍了射频接口芯片MF RC530,并在此基础上设计了读写器的RF接口电路和天线。射频卡系统的通信也是论文的重点之一,论文给出了ISO/IEC 14443国际标准中PCD和PICC通信的相关内容,并且对读写器和上位机之间的串行通信协议和通信方式进行了详细的设计。在最后给出了射频卡读写器各个模块的软硬件设计,主要包括MCU主控制模块、射频模块、通信模块、存储模块、时钟模块、显示模块等。
实际运行结果表明读写器与射频卡之间的有效读写距离可以达到7厘米以上,具有安全、可靠、低功耗等特点,满足实际应用需要。
The radio frequency card was brought forth by both semiconductor technology and ever-increasing social requirements for information security. It is a integrate product of the radio frequency identification technology and the IC card technology, which solves the problems of non-energy and non-contact in the card. Compared with the contact IC card which used usually recently, the radio frequency card has many merits: high reliability, operation speed and confidentiality, then it begins to be used in many areas, and it will be used widely later. So, to research and design the RF card system has great practical value.
The RF card reader is the important components of the RF card application system, based on the researching on the correlate theory and technology of the radio frequency card system, a high-performance, low-Power radio frequency card reader was designed based on STC89C53 and MF RC530 which is a radio frequency station chip. Firstly, the paper gives the basic concept of RF card technology and introduces the Philip's MIFARE radio frequency card in detail. Then, it introduces the MF RC530 which is a radio frequency station chip in detail, based on which the radio frequency interface circuit and antenna was designed. The communication of the radio frequency card system is also a keystone of the paper, which brings forward the correlative content of communication between PCD and PICC in international standardization ISO/IEC 14443, and designs the communication protocol and communication mode of the serial communication between reader and PC in detail. At last it gives the hardware and software design of radio frequency card reader, which mainly includes MCU control module, radio frequency module, communication module, clock module, display module, etc.
The experiment result indicates that the maximal communication distance between the reader and the radio frequency card is beyond 7cm, and it has some characteristics such as security, reliability, low-power etc, which is satisfied by the demand of practical application.
射频卡读写器是射频卡应用系统的关键部件之一,在对射频卡系统的相关理论和技术进行研究的基础上,设计了一种基于STC89C53单片机和MF RC530射频接口芯片的高性能、低功耗射频卡读写器。论文首先给出了射频卡技术的相关基本概念并详细介绍了Philips公司的MIFARE射频卡。随后详细介绍了射频接口芯片MF RC530,并在此基础上设计了读写器的RF接口电路和天线。射频卡系统的通信也是论文的重点之一,论文给出了ISO/IEC 14443国际标准中PCD和PICC通信的相关内容,并且对读写器和上位机之间的串行通信协议和通信方式进行了详细的设计。在最后给出了射频卡读写器各个模块的软硬件设计,主要包括MCU主控制模块、射频模块、通信模块、存储模块、时钟模块、显示模块等。
实际运行结果表明读写器与射频卡之间的有效读写距离可以达到7厘米以上,具有安全、可靠、低功耗等特点,满足实际应用需要。
The radio frequency card was brought forth by both semiconductor technology and ever-increasing social requirements for information security. It is a integrate product of the radio frequency identification technology and the IC card technology, which solves the problems of non-energy and non-contact in the card. Compared with the contact IC card which used usually recently, the radio frequency card has many merits: high reliability, operation speed and confidentiality, then it begins to be used in many areas, and it will be used widely later. So, to research and design the RF card system has great practical value.
The RF card reader is the important components of the RF card application system, based on the researching on the correlate theory and technology of the radio frequency card system, a high-performance, low-Power radio frequency card reader was designed based on STC89C53 and MF RC530 which is a radio frequency station chip. Firstly, the paper gives the basic concept of RF card technology and introduces the Philip's MIFARE radio frequency card in detail. Then, it introduces the MF RC530 which is a radio frequency station chip in detail, based on which the radio frequency interface circuit and antenna was designed. The communication of the radio frequency card system is also a keystone of the paper, which brings forward the correlative content of communication between PCD and PICC in international standardization ISO/IEC 14443, and designs the communication protocol and communication mode of the serial communication between reader and PC in detail. At last it gives the hardware and software design of radio frequency card reader, which mainly includes MCU control module, radio frequency module, communication module, clock module, display module, etc.
The experiment result indicates that the maximal communication distance between the reader and the radio frequency card is beyond 7cm, and it has some characteristics such as security, reliability, low-power etc, which is satisfied by the demand of practical application.
引文
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[2]晓玲,王正华.从IC卡到RFID[J].中国集成电路,2007.4:76-81.
[3]Small D.The potential of RFID is finally areality.Industial Engineering,oct,1992.
[4]Behnam Arya.Structural Identification for Condition Assessment Using Modal Non-Destructive Test Data[D].Tufts University,2000.
[5]蔡锦达,吴伟鹏,徐航晖.非接触式IC卡的内部结构与工作原理及其应用[J].企业技术开发,2005.10:3-5.
[6]王恒奎,边耐欣,潘峰,陈子辰.非接触式智能卡系统及若干关键技术[J].电子技术应用,1999(12):36-39.
[7]Philips Semiconductors.mifare(?)Standard Card IC MF1 IC S50 Functional Specification[Z].1999.
[8]Philips Semiconductors.mifare(?)Light Card IC MF1ICL10 Functional Specification[Z].1997.
[9]Philips Semiconductors.Contactless Chip Card Module Specification[Z].1999.
[10]马秀丽.Mifare 1非接触式IC卡的技术特点及应用浅析[J].金卡工程,2005.2:47-50.
[11]Katherine M.Shelfer and J.Drew Procaccino.Smart Card Evolution[J].communications of the acm,july,2002:83-88.
[12]Brian Dance著.欧洲的智能卡产业[J].微电子技术,1996(4):1-2.
[13]国家金卡工程协调领导小组.全国IC卡应用总体规划[R].2001.12.
[14]程晨.浅谈射频识别技术在中国的发展[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004.6:5-8.
[15]陈启平.非接触式IC卡.煤矿自动化,1999(2):34-35.
[16]Rolandkoo,etal.Contactless inductive Data-Transmission system.United States.Sep,1994.
[17]邹国红.手持式射频读写器的设计[D].大连:大连理工大学硕士论文,2005.
[18]刘丽丽.非接触式智能卡系统研究与开发[D].北京:北京化工大学,2004.
[19]孙连坤.基于MF RC500的读卡器研究与设计[D].天津:天津工业大学,2005.
[20]阙秋根.射频智能卡读写器研究与开发[D].长沙:中南大学,2004.
[21]汪国海.非接触式IC卡读卡器的设计[D].成都:电子科技大学,2005.
[22]孙恩岩.射频卡读写器的研究与应用[D].沈阳:沈阳航空工业学院,2007.
[23]季颖.非接触式IC卡的研究与设计[D].上海:中国科学院上海冶金研究所,2000.
[24]Philips Semiconductors.mifare(?)MF RC500 Highly Integrated ISO 14443A Reader IC[Z].2001.
[25]Philips Semiconductors.mifare(?)Design of MF RC500 Matching Circuits and Antennas[Z].2000.
[26]Philips Semiconductors,mifare(?)Hardware Independent Low Level Functions[Z].1997.
[27]Philips Semiconductors.Mifare MF RC530 ISO 14443A Reader IC.2002,2.
[28]李乃玮,黄静,郭勇.非接触IC卡读写模块MFRC530的工作原理及其应用[J].电子器件,2003.6:159-162.
[29]赵学军.基于[SPI多机协议的多机通讯J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006(7):67-71.
[30]郭静华,欧阳斌林.SPI总线从机接口实时模拟的实现[J].东北农业大学学报,2007.10(5):669-671.
[31]单承赣,柴斌,姚磊.高集成度TYPE A读写芯片MFRC500及其应用[J].国外电子元器件,2004,8:34-37。
[32]孙颖,张敬敏,张志佳.一种基于MF RC500的Mifare 1读写器的设计与实现[J].微计算 机信息,2006(22):7-10.
[33]严光文,张其善.射频卡读写模块设计[J].遥测遥控,2002.9:35-40.
[34]鲁公羽,陈雄,倪斌.射频识别系统中读写器的开发与研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2006.7:89-92.
[35]庞学骏,翟小伍.载频为13.56M非接触式IC卡接收模块设计[J].微型机与应用,2005(10):20-21.
[36]LI Ke-ran.The design of contactless IC card interface device[J].Microcomputer & Its Applications,2001(9):15-16.
[37]历鲁卫,包建荣.射频识别读写设备应用设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2004.6:947-951.
[38]李科让.一种实用的非接触式IC卡读写器的设计[J].微型机与应用,2001.9:15-16.
[39]宋广为.Mifare 1非接触式IC射频卡的一卡通实现[J].现代电子技术,2005.11:27-29.
[40]严雄武,梁楚樵.MIFARE非接触式IC卡读写器的设计构架研究[J].遥测遥控,2002.9:35-40.
[41]周晓中,阳春华,刘伟群.非接触式Mifare卡读卡器开发[J].微型机与应用,2005(2):15-18.
[42]YOU Zhi,CHEN Shu zhen,HUANG Ji-wu.Serial Peripheral Interface Communication Between MCU EM78P447A and RF Reader IC MF RC530[J].Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2005(3):550-554.
[43]黎明,罗利华.基于RC531的TYPE B读卡器开发.现代计算机,2004.10:90-94.
[44]高丹,王元,徐元森.非接触式IC卡片上天线的优化设计[J].微处理机,2005.2:40-43.
[45]樊文,常青,张其善.IC卡读写器天线电路设计[J].无线电工程,2003(8):59-62.
[46]Final Committee Draft ISO/IEC 14443-1,Identification cards-Contactless Integrated circuit(s)cards-Proximity cards-Part 1:Physical characteristics[S].1999.
[47]Final Committee Draft ISO/IEC 14443-2,Identification cards-Contactless Integrated circuit(s)cards-Proximity cards-Part 2:Radio frequency power and signal interface[S].1999.
[48]Final Committee Draft ISO/IEC 14443-3,Identification cards-Contactless Integrated circuit(s)cards-Proximity cards-Part 3:Initialization and anti-collision[S].1999.
[49]Committee Draft ISO/IEC 14443-4,Identification cards-Contactless Integrated circuit(s)cards-Proximity cards-Part 4:Transmission protocol[S].1999.
[50]ISO/IEC 7816-3,Identification cards-Integrated circuit(s)cards with contacts-Part 3:Electronic signals and transmission protocols[S].2002.1.
[51]何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计-系统配置与接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.2.
[52]何立民.I~2C总线应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[53]李海鸿,朱元清.铁电存储器FM24C16及其应用[J].国外电子测量技术,2004(6):15-17.
[54]赵海兰,朱剑.DS1302实时显示时间的原理与应用[J].电子技术,2004(1):43-46.
[55]黄明强.DS1302在单片机系统中的应用[J].保定师范专科学校学报,2004.4:30-33.
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