TfR1mRNA、FnmRNA和IRP1mRNA在不同铁状态孕妇胎盘组织中的表达研究
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摘要
铁是生命体必不可少的元素，对维持细胞的基本功能十分重要。铁缺乏(iron deficiency，ID)是一个全球性的问题，严重的ID可导致缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia，IDA)的发生，IDA是最常见的营养素缺乏性疾病。由于妊娠期血容量扩增和快速生长发育对铁需求的剧增，孕妇和婴幼儿是最易患ID或IDA的人群，39％的学龄儿童和52％的孕母患有ID。孕妇患ID或IDA可对母婴产生一系列严重影响。
孕妇缺铁时，可启动多水平的调节机制以最大限度的向胎儿供铁，保持胎儿铁供给的稳定，多水平调节主要为：当缺铁发生时，孕妇动员体内的贮存铁，主要来自肝脏贮存铁，肝脏铁代谢水平发生一系列变化，同时肠道铁吸收和转运水平也发生一定的调节机制而增加孕妇肠道铁吸收和转运，在肠道水平发挥调节作用以保证胎儿铁供给的稳定，而胎盘是联系母婴之间的唯一纽带，胎盘铁转运水平也存在有一定的调节机制。
胎盘铁转运是一个复杂的过程，主要包括铁的转入和转出，前者指铁从母体转入胎盘，后者则指铁从胎盘转至胎儿体内，此过程涉及大量的铁转运分子和调节分子。随着对肠道铁代谢研究的突破，人们认识到更多分子参与到胎盘铁转运及调控中，这些分子包括：转铁蛋白受体1(transferrin receptor1, TfR1)、铁调节蛋白1(iron regulatory protein1, IRP1)、铁蛋白(ferritin，Fn)、二价金属离子转运蛋白1(divalent metal transporter1, DMT1)、膜铁转运蛋白1(ferroportin1, FPN1)、
Iron is an essential nutrient and vital for many important cellular processes .Iron deficiency (ID)has been a global problem ,severe iron deficiency may lead to iron deficiency anemia(IDA), and IDA is the most common nutritional deficient disease in the world .Because of the severely increased iron requirements of expansion of maternal erythrocyte mass and the rapid growth and development ,pregnant women and infants are recognized as the groups who are most vulnerable to ID or IDA.39% of schoolchildren and 52 % of pregnant women are ID .Maternal ID or IDA during pregnancy can result in serous problems both for the mother and for the developing fetus.
There are several regulatory mechanisms in different levels to apply enough iron for fetus to keep the fetal invariable iron supply when maternal ID or the fetus with increased iron needs occurs .The process is :when ID occurs ,the mother's body can mobilize maternal iron stores ,most of which come from the hepatic iron stores ,and there are a series of changes for hepatic level of iron mechanism ,in the same time ,there are corresponding changes of maternal duodenal molecules involved in duodenal iron absorption and transport to increase the maternal duodenal iron absorption and transport and cater for the iron requirements of the growing fetus .The placenta is the only interaction between mother and fetus ,so there must be some changes for the placental iron transport and regulation on the placental level.
孕妇缺铁时，可启动多水平的调节机制以最大限度的向胎儿供铁，保持胎儿铁供给的稳定，多水平调节主要为：当缺铁发生时，孕妇动员体内的贮存铁，主要来自肝脏贮存铁，肝脏铁代谢水平发生一系列变化，同时肠道铁吸收和转运水平也发生一定的调节机制而增加孕妇肠道铁吸收和转运，在肠道水平发挥调节作用以保证胎儿铁供给的稳定，而胎盘是联系母婴之间的唯一纽带，胎盘铁转运水平也存在有一定的调节机制。
胎盘铁转运是一个复杂的过程，主要包括铁的转入和转出，前者指铁从母体转入胎盘，后者则指铁从胎盘转至胎儿体内，此过程涉及大量的铁转运分子和调节分子。随着对肠道铁代谢研究的突破，人们认识到更多分子参与到胎盘铁转运及调控中，这些分子包括：转铁蛋白受体1(transferrin receptor1, TfR1)、铁调节蛋白1(iron regulatory protein1, IRP1)、铁蛋白(ferritin，Fn)、二价金属离子转运蛋白1(divalent metal transporter1, DMT1)、膜铁转运蛋白1(ferroportin1, FPN1)、
Iron is an essential nutrient and vital for many important cellular processes .Iron deficiency (ID)has been a global problem ,severe iron deficiency may lead to iron deficiency anemia(IDA), and IDA is the most common nutritional deficient disease in the world .Because of the severely increased iron requirements of expansion of maternal erythrocyte mass and the rapid growth and development ,pregnant women and infants are recognized as the groups who are most vulnerable to ID or IDA.39% of schoolchildren and 52 % of pregnant women are ID .Maternal ID or IDA during pregnancy can result in serous problems both for the mother and for the developing fetus.
There are several regulatory mechanisms in different levels to apply enough iron for fetus to keep the fetal invariable iron supply when maternal ID or the fetus with increased iron needs occurs .The process is :when ID occurs ,the mother's body can mobilize maternal iron stores ,most of which come from the hepatic iron stores ,and there are a series of changes for hepatic level of iron mechanism ,in the same time ,there are corresponding changes of maternal duodenal molecules involved in duodenal iron absorption and transport to increase the maternal duodenal iron absorption and transport and cater for the iron requirements of the growing fetus .The placenta is the only interaction between mother and fetus ,so there must be some changes for the placental iron transport and regulation on the placental level.
引文
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1．付丽娟，段相林，钱忠明等．铁代谢与铁调素hepcidin．生理科学进展．2005：3：233-236．
2. World Health Organization, Nutrition for Health and Development, Sustainable Development and Healthy Environment. A global agenda for combating malnutrition. Nutrition for Health and Development. 2000:16.
3. Hamalainen H, Hakkarainen K, Heinonen S. Anemia in the first but not in the second or third trimester is a risk factor for low birth weight. Clin Nutr. 2003 Jun; 22(3):271-5.
4. Allen LH. Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May; 71(5 Suppl):1280S-4S.
5. Kapil U, Bhavna A. Adverse effects of poor micronutrient status during childhood and adolescence. Nutr Rev. 2002 May; 60(5 Pt 2):S84-90.
6. Gambling L, Dunford S, Wallace DI, et al. Iron deficiency during pregnancy affects postnatal blood pressure in the rat. J Physiol. 2003 Oct 15;552(Pt 2):603-10.
7. Lisle SJ, Lewis RM, Petry CJ, et al. Effect of maternal iron restriction during pregnancy on renal morphology in the adult rat offspring. Br J Nutr. 2003 Jul; 90(1):33-9.
8. Gambling L, Andersen HS, Czopek A, et al. Effect of timing of iron supplementation on maternal and neonatal growth and iron status of iron-deficient pregnant rats. J Physiol. 2004 Nov 15; 561(Pt 1): 195-203.
9. Millard KN, Frazer DM, Wilkins SJ, et al. Changes in the expression of intestinal iron transport and hepatic regulatory molecules explain the enhanced iron absorption associated with pregnancy in the rat. Gut. 2004 May; 53(5):655-660.
10. Verrijt CE. Vectorial aspects of iron transfer in human term placenta. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999 Apr; 83(2): 125-126.
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18. Danzeisen R, Ponnambalam S, Lea RG, et al. The effect of ceruloplasmin on iron release from placental (BeWo)cells:evidence for an endogenous Cu oxidase. Placenta. 2000 Nov; 21(18):805-812.
19. Kawabata H, Yang R, Hirama T, et al. Molecular cloning of transferrin receptor 2. A new member of the transferrin receptor-like family. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 23; 274(30):20826-32.
20．刘璐，严玉仙．运铁蛋白受体．国外医学地理分册．2002；3：135-139．
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47．刘玉峰，曾利，左文丽．缺铁大鼠铁调节蛋白信使核糖核酸表达研究．实用儿科临床杂志．2004；19(5)：350-352．
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