高速铁路列控信号的电波传播特性研究
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摘要
摘要：为了满足高速列车的高安全和高可靠性,势必要对影响列车安全可靠运行的大脑指挥中心-列控系统进行研究。列控信号是在列控系统中传输的控制列车安全可靠运行的信息。高速铁路列控信号是通过无线信道传输的,而能描述列控信号传输信道的莫过于信道的传播特性。因此对高速铁路列控信号传输信道传播特性的研究是亟待进行的,也是保证高速列车安全可靠运行的重要前提。
本文第一章在全面总结有关电波传播特性的测量方法、仿真建模的发展进程和研究现状的基础上,提炼了本论文的研究内容,给出了本文的研究背景和研究意义。第二章则概述了我国的高速铁路列控系统和列控信号,分析了影响高速铁路列控信号传播特性的主要因素：高速运行、巨大的金属列车体、弓网离线放电脉冲、车顶上的多天线、多径效应、多普勒效应和其他高速铁路特有的设备设施等对高速铁路列控信号传播特性的影响。这些主要因素正是导致高铁列控信道的研究无法全盘借鉴其他已有移动信道传播特性的根本原因,也是本文的研究意义之所在。第三章和第四章分别给出了高速铁路列控信号的大尺度和小尺度衰落特性。第五章主要分析了影响高速铁路列控信号传播特性的特有因素之一-高速运行的金属列车体。最后,第六章是在前述章节的基础上结合高速铁路列控信号的实际传播环境参数,建立适用于高速铁路列控信号的传播信道模型,并分析了模型的传播特性。
本文的创新点主要表现在：
(1)经过理论分析提出了适用于高速铁路列控信号的三线损耗模型,实测数据很好地验证了所提模型的有效性。除此之外,还给出了一些工程建设方面的建议。(第三章)
(2)分析了直射、车顶和地面反射的多普勒频移,以及多普勒效应对高速铁路列控信号误码率的影响,给出了基站选址等工程建设方面的建议。(第四章)
(3)对高速铁路列控信号的小尺度衰落特性进行了实测。得到了高速铁路列控信号的时延和多径特性还有Rice因子和信道相关性等内容。(第四章)
(4)分析了高速列车体上产生的二次辐射场对列控信号传播特性的影响。从已发表的文献来看,该方面的研究目前在国内外还是空白。(第五章)
(5)根据高铁的实际传播环境参数建立了适用于高速铁路列控信号的传播信道仿真模型。(第六章)
(6)分析了所建传播模型的衰落特性,这正好弥补了由于测量设备和其他行政方面的制约导致列控信号快衰落特性实测数据不足的遗憾。(第六章)
论文中的实测数据、推导与计算结果和分析结论可为高速铁路列控信号的设计、天线类型和布局、基站的选址和其他通信技术的选择提供参考。
全文共7章,图幅72,表12个,参考文献136篇。
In order to meet the requirements of high security and high trustiness, the brain and command center of the high-speed train-Train Control System has to be researched. Train control signal is a kind of control information, used to guarantee the reliable and safe operation of high-speed train and transmitted through wireless channel. Therefore, it is urgently needed to study the channel propagation characteristics of the high-speed train control signal, which is an important prerequisite for the train running in safe and reliable condition.
Firstly, a thorough review of the development history of mobile channel measurement methods, simulation and modeling methods were summarized in Chapter1. On the basis of the summary, the main content of this thesis was refined. Besides that, the background and significance of this thesis was also given. And then, in Chapter2the overview of Chinese train control system and the railway control signal were presented at the beginning, close behind was the major factors that affect the propagation characteristics of high-speed train control signal. These factors include high speed, large metal train carriage, pantograph-catenary disconnection pulse, multiple antennas on the ceiling, multi-paths and Doppler effects and other railway and train equipments and facilities. Therefore, this dissertation was commenced in the parts based on the above mentioned distinctive factors. The large-and small-scale fading characteristics of the high-speed railway operation system were analyzed in chapter3and Chapter4respectively. In Chapter5, the unique factor on the propagation characteristics of high-speed train, the running train carriage, was stated here. With the analysis results from the above chapters and the parameters of the real operation surroundings and conditions of the high-speed railways, a more realistic high-speed train mobile radio propagation model was set up and researched.
The Innovation and creative points of this dissertation are outlined as follows:
(1) An improved receiving power and distance model-the triple-slope model for high-speed railway control signal was raised and verified by the test data. Furthermore, the application bound of the model, the factors affecting the path-loss exponent and shadows fading were outlined here.
(2) The impact of the Doppler Effect on the BER of high-speed train control signal was presented on the basis of the expressions of the Doppler shifts of the LOS path, the reflection paths from the train ceiling and the ground under different propagation environment. With analysis, some suggestions about engineering construction, like the location of base station were given here too.
(3) The small-scale fading characteristics of the high-speed train control signal were measured and analyzed, such as the path and delay distributions, and also the Rice K-factor, the correlation of propagation environments.
(4) Analyze the contributions from the secondary radiation field (comparing to the transmitting signal) on the train control signal propagation characteristics. The secondary radiation field was generated by the induced current and charge on train body. The research aspect has not been found yet from the published papers.
(5) A more realistic high-speed train mobile radio propagation model was set up with the Markov birth and death chain, the pure birth process and the parameters of the real operation surroundings and conditions.
(6) The doubly underspread propagation characteristics of the simulation model were considered by using the generalized local time-frequency variant scattering function. These features are just supplements of the small-scale fading characteristics. By the way, the validity of the simulation model was proved with the measured data in Chapter4and in this analyzing process.
The measured data, derivation, results and conclusion obtained in this thesis can provide references for the design of actual high-speed train control signal, antenna type and layout, the choices of the base station site and other communication technologies, like coding, error correction, modulation, diversity, anti-fading, etc.
本文第一章在全面总结有关电波传播特性的测量方法、仿真建模的发展进程和研究现状的基础上,提炼了本论文的研究内容,给出了本文的研究背景和研究意义。第二章则概述了我国的高速铁路列控系统和列控信号,分析了影响高速铁路列控信号传播特性的主要因素：高速运行、巨大的金属列车体、弓网离线放电脉冲、车顶上的多天线、多径效应、多普勒效应和其他高速铁路特有的设备设施等对高速铁路列控信号传播特性的影响。这些主要因素正是导致高铁列控信道的研究无法全盘借鉴其他已有移动信道传播特性的根本原因,也是本文的研究意义之所在。第三章和第四章分别给出了高速铁路列控信号的大尺度和小尺度衰落特性。第五章主要分析了影响高速铁路列控信号传播特性的特有因素之一-高速运行的金属列车体。最后,第六章是在前述章节的基础上结合高速铁路列控信号的实际传播环境参数,建立适用于高速铁路列控信号的传播信道模型,并分析了模型的传播特性。
本文的创新点主要表现在：
(1)经过理论分析提出了适用于高速铁路列控信号的三线损耗模型,实测数据很好地验证了所提模型的有效性。除此之外,还给出了一些工程建设方面的建议。(第三章)
(2)分析了直射、车顶和地面反射的多普勒频移,以及多普勒效应对高速铁路列控信号误码率的影响,给出了基站选址等工程建设方面的建议。(第四章)
(3)对高速铁路列控信号的小尺度衰落特性进行了实测。得到了高速铁路列控信号的时延和多径特性还有Rice因子和信道相关性等内容。(第四章)
(4)分析了高速列车体上产生的二次辐射场对列控信号传播特性的影响。从已发表的文献来看,该方面的研究目前在国内外还是空白。(第五章)
(5)根据高铁的实际传播环境参数建立了适用于高速铁路列控信号的传播信道仿真模型。(第六章)
(6)分析了所建传播模型的衰落特性,这正好弥补了由于测量设备和其他行政方面的制约导致列控信号快衰落特性实测数据不足的遗憾。(第六章)
论文中的实测数据、推导与计算结果和分析结论可为高速铁路列控信号的设计、天线类型和布局、基站的选址和其他通信技术的选择提供参考。
全文共7章,图幅72,表12个,参考文献136篇。
In order to meet the requirements of high security and high trustiness, the brain and command center of the high-speed train-Train Control System has to be researched. Train control signal is a kind of control information, used to guarantee the reliable and safe operation of high-speed train and transmitted through wireless channel. Therefore, it is urgently needed to study the channel propagation characteristics of the high-speed train control signal, which is an important prerequisite for the train running in safe and reliable condition.
Firstly, a thorough review of the development history of mobile channel measurement methods, simulation and modeling methods were summarized in Chapter1. On the basis of the summary, the main content of this thesis was refined. Besides that, the background and significance of this thesis was also given. And then, in Chapter2the overview of Chinese train control system and the railway control signal were presented at the beginning, close behind was the major factors that affect the propagation characteristics of high-speed train control signal. These factors include high speed, large metal train carriage, pantograph-catenary disconnection pulse, multiple antennas on the ceiling, multi-paths and Doppler effects and other railway and train equipments and facilities. Therefore, this dissertation was commenced in the parts based on the above mentioned distinctive factors. The large-and small-scale fading characteristics of the high-speed railway operation system were analyzed in chapter3and Chapter4respectively. In Chapter5, the unique factor on the propagation characteristics of high-speed train, the running train carriage, was stated here. With the analysis results from the above chapters and the parameters of the real operation surroundings and conditions of the high-speed railways, a more realistic high-speed train mobile radio propagation model was set up and researched.
The Innovation and creative points of this dissertation are outlined as follows:
(1) An improved receiving power and distance model-the triple-slope model for high-speed railway control signal was raised and verified by the test data. Furthermore, the application bound of the model, the factors affecting the path-loss exponent and shadows fading were outlined here.
(2) The impact of the Doppler Effect on the BER of high-speed train control signal was presented on the basis of the expressions of the Doppler shifts of the LOS path, the reflection paths from the train ceiling and the ground under different propagation environment. With analysis, some suggestions about engineering construction, like the location of base station were given here too.
(3) The small-scale fading characteristics of the high-speed train control signal were measured and analyzed, such as the path and delay distributions, and also the Rice K-factor, the correlation of propagation environments.
(4) Analyze the contributions from the secondary radiation field (comparing to the transmitting signal) on the train control signal propagation characteristics. The secondary radiation field was generated by the induced current and charge on train body. The research aspect has not been found yet from the published papers.
(5) A more realistic high-speed train mobile radio propagation model was set up with the Markov birth and death chain, the pure birth process and the parameters of the real operation surroundings and conditions.
(6) The doubly underspread propagation characteristics of the simulation model were considered by using the generalized local time-frequency variant scattering function. These features are just supplements of the small-scale fading characteristics. By the way, the validity of the simulation model was proved with the measured data in Chapter4and in this analyzing process.
The measured data, derivation, results and conclusion obtained in this thesis can provide references for the design of actual high-speed train control signal, antenna type and layout, the choices of the base station site and other communication technologies, like coding, error correction, modulation, diversity, anti-fading, etc.
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