高速铁路供电系统负序补偿与谐波抑制技术研究
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摘要
高速铁路电力机车作为一种特殊的负载,引起负序、谐波等严重的电能质量问题。负序与谐波不仅危害电力设备的正常运行、增加损耗,甚至可能引发电力事故,严重威胁到牵引供电系统本身及上级电力系统的安全和经济运行。因此,必须采取切实有效的电能质量治理措施,对负序与谐波进行集中治理,提升高速铁路牵引供电系统的安全性与稳定性。本文主要研究了高速铁路负序与谐波综合补偿装置的拓扑结构、负序与谐波检测方法及铁路功率调节器控制方法、补偿装置参数设计方法,并研制了样机及其数字控制系统,进行了实验验证。这些理论和实践工作将为高速铁路负序与谐波综合补偿技术提供理论基础和工程设计参考。
负序与谐波综合补偿装置的拓扑结构关系到补偿性能的好坏。本文在分析国内外各种补偿装置拓扑结构的基础上,重点对两种补偿优势较大的拓扑结构,即铁路功率调节器(RPC)和注入式混合型有源电力滤波器与静止无功补偿器联合系统,进行了比较研究。分析了它们的结构特点,建立其数学模型,探讨了它们各自的补偿性能及其特点,并搭建仿真模型,进行了仿真验证。通过比较研究,选择性能更优的铁路功率调节器作为高速铁路综合补偿装置。
接着对铁路功率调节器在采用三相V／v牵引变压器下的牵引供电系统下的负序与谐波补偿参考电流检测方法进行了研究。在分析以往的单相谐波与无功检测方法的基础上,从瞬时功率的角度出发,提出了铁路功率调节器的负序与谐波补偿参考电流实时检测方法。同时,对铁路功率调节器的控制方法进行了研究。为保证铁路功率调节器直流侧电压的稳定,采用了直流侧电压闭环控制,直流侧电压控制器的输出转化为交流有功电流量,叠加到负序与谐波补偿参考电流形成铁路功率调节器的两个变流器的输出参考电流指令,对两个变流器的电流跟踪采取滞环控制方法,实现了直流侧电压稳定控制和负序与谐波补偿电流跟踪双重控制目标。
为使铁路功率调节器具有较佳的工作性能,本文进行了元件参数优化设计研究,对铁路功率调节器的降压变压器变比及容量设计、交流侧电感参数设计、直流侧电容设计进行了探讨。并研制了RPC实验样机,研制了基于DSP28335的铁路功率调节器数字控制系统,包括控制器硬件部分的设计和软件部分设计。利用实验样机进行了实验,实验结果验证了所提出的RPC检测和控制方法的有效性。
As a special kind of electric load, electric locomotives in high-speed railway cause serious power quality problems, such as negative sequence and harmonic currents,which not only damage electric devices and bring additional power energy lost.Seriously, they will cause electric accident.These power quality problems threat the traction power system and the upon power system.Therefore,an effective power quality improvement method for eliminating negative sequence and harmonic,is needed to study to enhance the stability and safety of traction power system.This paper studied topology selection of high-speed railway negative sequence and harmonic integrated compensation system,detection and control method for negative sequence and harmonic,parameters design of compensation system.And a prototype and its digital control system were designed in the laboratory to verify the results for theory. The work in this paper will provide theoretical principle and engineering design reference for high-speed railway negative sequence and harmonic integrated compensation technology.
Compensation performance is determined by the topology of negative sequence and harmonic integrated compensator. Based on analyzing the topology of various compensation devices at home and abroad,this paper made a deep research on two topology which have large advantage in compensation, that is, the railway static power regulator(RPC)and the combined system of injection type hybrid active power filter and static var compensator(IHAPF+SVC).This paper analyzed their structural characteristics,established the mathematical model and made a deep research on their compensation characteristics and performance separately. Simulation models were also established,and the simulation results of the two topology compensating negative and harmonic were given.By comparison study, this paper choosed the RPC as high-speed railway integrated compensator topology.
Then,the negative sequence and harmonic compensation reference current detection technique of RPC was given in this paper, when the traction power supply system uses three phase V/v traction transformer. Base on the single-phase harmonic and reactive detection methods,this paper proposed negative sequence and harmonic compensation reference current real-time detection method for RPC.Meanwhile,the control method for RPC is studied in this paper. To maintain the voltage stability of railway power regulator's DC side,closed-loop control was adopted.The output of DC side voltage controller is converted to AC active power current,which was added to the negative sequence and harmonic compensation reference current to get the output reference current instruction for two inverters in RPC.Hysteresis control method was used in the current track of two inverters to realize the voltage stability control of DC side and the compensation current track of negative sequence and harmonic.
In order to make the railway power regulator have better performance, component parameters selection method was studied.Such as step-down transformer ratio and capacity design, AC side inductance parameter design and DC side capacitor design are given in this paper. The design of RPC experimental device especially the design of digital control system based on DSP28335 including hardware and software design was also given.The experiments were conducted using the prototype,and the experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the proposed detection and control methods for RPC.
负序与谐波综合补偿装置的拓扑结构关系到补偿性能的好坏。本文在分析国内外各种补偿装置拓扑结构的基础上,重点对两种补偿优势较大的拓扑结构,即铁路功率调节器(RPC)和注入式混合型有源电力滤波器与静止无功补偿器联合系统,进行了比较研究。分析了它们的结构特点,建立其数学模型,探讨了它们各自的补偿性能及其特点,并搭建仿真模型,进行了仿真验证。通过比较研究,选择性能更优的铁路功率调节器作为高速铁路综合补偿装置。
接着对铁路功率调节器在采用三相V／v牵引变压器下的牵引供电系统下的负序与谐波补偿参考电流检测方法进行了研究。在分析以往的单相谐波与无功检测方法的基础上,从瞬时功率的角度出发,提出了铁路功率调节器的负序与谐波补偿参考电流实时检测方法。同时,对铁路功率调节器的控制方法进行了研究。为保证铁路功率调节器直流侧电压的稳定,采用了直流侧电压闭环控制,直流侧电压控制器的输出转化为交流有功电流量,叠加到负序与谐波补偿参考电流形成铁路功率调节器的两个变流器的输出参考电流指令,对两个变流器的电流跟踪采取滞环控制方法,实现了直流侧电压稳定控制和负序与谐波补偿电流跟踪双重控制目标。
为使铁路功率调节器具有较佳的工作性能,本文进行了元件参数优化设计研究,对铁路功率调节器的降压变压器变比及容量设计、交流侧电感参数设计、直流侧电容设计进行了探讨。并研制了RPC实验样机,研制了基于DSP28335的铁路功率调节器数字控制系统,包括控制器硬件部分的设计和软件部分设计。利用实验样机进行了实验,实验结果验证了所提出的RPC检测和控制方法的有效性。
As a special kind of electric load, electric locomotives in high-speed railway cause serious power quality problems, such as negative sequence and harmonic currents,which not only damage electric devices and bring additional power energy lost.Seriously, they will cause electric accident.These power quality problems threat the traction power system and the upon power system.Therefore,an effective power quality improvement method for eliminating negative sequence and harmonic,is needed to study to enhance the stability and safety of traction power system.This paper studied topology selection of high-speed railway negative sequence and harmonic integrated compensation system,detection and control method for negative sequence and harmonic,parameters design of compensation system.And a prototype and its digital control system were designed in the laboratory to verify the results for theory. The work in this paper will provide theoretical principle and engineering design reference for high-speed railway negative sequence and harmonic integrated compensation technology.
Compensation performance is determined by the topology of negative sequence and harmonic integrated compensator. Based on analyzing the topology of various compensation devices at home and abroad,this paper made a deep research on two topology which have large advantage in compensation, that is, the railway static power regulator(RPC)and the combined system of injection type hybrid active power filter and static var compensator(IHAPF+SVC).This paper analyzed their structural characteristics,established the mathematical model and made a deep research on their compensation characteristics and performance separately. Simulation models were also established,and the simulation results of the two topology compensating negative and harmonic were given.By comparison study, this paper choosed the RPC as high-speed railway integrated compensator topology.
Then,the negative sequence and harmonic compensation reference current detection technique of RPC was given in this paper, when the traction power supply system uses three phase V/v traction transformer. Base on the single-phase harmonic and reactive detection methods,this paper proposed negative sequence and harmonic compensation reference current real-time detection method for RPC.Meanwhile,the control method for RPC is studied in this paper. To maintain the voltage stability of railway power regulator's DC side,closed-loop control was adopted.The output of DC side voltage controller is converted to AC active power current,which was added to the negative sequence and harmonic compensation reference current to get the output reference current instruction for two inverters in RPC.Hysteresis control method was used in the current track of two inverters to realize the voltage stability control of DC side and the compensation current track of negative sequence and harmonic.
In order to make the railway power regulator have better performance, component parameters selection method was studied.Such as step-down transformer ratio and capacity design, AC side inductance parameter design and DC side capacitor design are given in this paper. The design of RPC experimental device especially the design of digital control system based on DSP28335 including hardware and software design was also given.The experiments were conducted using the prototype,and the experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the proposed detection and control methods for RPC.
引文
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[2]谭秀炳.交流电气化铁道牵引供电系统(第2版).成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007
[3]张小瑜,吴俊勇.电气化铁路接入电力系统的电压等级问题,电网技术.2007,31(7)：12-17
[4]马军,杨媛,高勇.电气化铁路对电力系统的影响.西安理工大学学报,2002,18(2)：193-196.
[5]张力强,罗文杰,吕利军.电气化铁路牵引负荷的不利影响及治理方案.电网技术,2006,30(增)：196-198.
[6]Gerard Ledwich;Timothy A.George,Using Phasors to Analyze Power System Negative Phase Sequence Voltages Caused by Unbalanced Loads, IEEE Transactions on Power System,Vol.9,no.3,August 1994,Page(s):1226-1232
[7]V.B.Bhavaraju, P.N.Enjeti,Analysis and Design of an Active Power Filter for Balancing Unbalanced Loads.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol 8, No.4,Oct,1993,640-647
[8]周胜军,于坤山,冯满盈,孙生鸿,贺春.电气化铁路供电电能质量测试主要结果分析,电网技术.2009,33(13)：54-57
[9]高然,徐永海,夏瑞华.电气化铁路负序电流对发电机负序过流保护的影响.电力系统保护与控制.2009,37(19)：41-45
[10]T.A.Kneschke, Control of Utility System Unbalance Caused by Single-phase Electric Traction, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,Vol IA-21, No 6,November/December,1985, pp:1559-1569
[11]姚金雄,张涛,林榕,罗迪.牵引供电系统负序电流和谐波对电力系统的影响及补偿措施,电网技术,2008,32(9)：61-64.
[12]林海雪,周胜军.电气化铁路的谐波标准问题.中国电力,1999,32(9)：55-58.
[13]任元.信阳和驻马庙地区电气化铁路谐波引起220 kV高频保护动作的分析.电网技术,1995,19(2)：32-35.
[14]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备.北京：中国电力出版社,2006
[15]董祥,李群湛,黄军,周晋.适用于电气化铁路的无功谐波电流检测方法研究.电力系统保护与控制.2009,37(6)：32-35
[16]Hanmin Lee,Changmu Lee,Jang, G.,Sae-hyuk Kwon, "Harmonic analysis of the korean high-speed railway using the eight-port representation model",IEEE, Trans.On Power Delivery, vol.21,no.2, pp.979-986, April 2006
[17]Mochinaga, Y.;Hisamizu, Y.;Takeda, M.;Miyashita, T.;Hasuike,K.; "Static power conditioner using GTO converters for AC electric railway ",Power Conversion Conference,2002,Page(s):641-646
[18]Morimoto H,Ando M,Mochinaga Y,et al.Development of railway static power conditioner used at substation for Shinkansen.Power Conversion Conference,Osaka,Japan,2002
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