铁路突发事件应急物资管理系统与应急物资布局模型研究
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摘要
应急物资是应急处置的物质保障,是整个应急系统运转的物质基础,应急物资管理的成效直接决定应急处置的成效,因此必须构建科学完善的应急物资管理系统。应急物资储备点选址和应急物资配置作为应急物资管理中的重要问题和应急物资管理系统的决策模块,必须进行建模分析。于是,本文结合应急物资管理的实践,对应急物资管理系统的构建、应急物资管理信息系统的构建及应急物资布局问题的两个方面——选址和配置进行了研究分析,以期实现科学的储备点布局、合理的储备结构及充足的储备量,充分利用有限的人力、物力、财力提高应急管理的效率。
本文在应急管理、应急物资管理及物资布局三大理论基础上,以构建应急物资管理系统为主线,以构建应急物资管理信息系统和建立铁路应急物资布局模型为分线展开研究：
为辅助铁路应急物资管理决策,提高铁路应急物资管理的效率,构建了铁路应急物资管理系统,解决其平时状态和战时状态下的应急物资管理,对整个系统内的应急物资管理组织、流程、资源、信息等要素进行科学化、标准化整合,实现针对应急物资全过程和全方位的动态管理。
针对应急物资管理系统中的应急物资管理信息系统,搭设了其硬件和软件结构以及功能结构,并指明应急物资MIS在应急管理系统中的地位及其与应急物资管理系统、应急管理系统三者之间的关系。
为实现应急物资管理系统中的应急物资管理优化及决策优化模块的功能,针对我国现行的应急物资储备制度及铁路应急物资储备点选址和配置的特征,对铁路应急物资布局的两个方面——储备点选址和配置进行了建模研究。一是建立了基于点覆盖线理论的应急物资储备点选址模型,并应用改进的分枝剪枝搜索法进行求解。而后放松约束条件进行模型优化：针对指定储备点情况下的铁路应急物资储备点选址问题和数量限制情况下最大弧段覆盖问题,分别建立了综合AHP方法和目标规划方法的选址模型和最大弧段覆盖选址模型。二是给出了基于聚类分析的应急储备物资分类,针对这些不同类别物资提出了不同的储备方式,并结合模糊证据推理和案例模糊推理方法进行各类应急物资需求分析,然后根据物资库存等理论确定各类应急物资的储备量,以在保证应急物资需求的情况下降低储备成本、库存成本。
Emergency supplies is the material guarantee of emergency response, also the material basis for the operation of the emergency system, management of emergency supplies directly determines the effectiveness of emergency response, so it must build a management system which is maturity and scientific for emergency supplies. There is need for modeling and analysis as emergency material storage site allocation and emergency supplies configuration management is key issues and emergency decision-making module in materials management systems. Therefore, this paper combine with emergency supplies management practices, studied the allocation and configuration, two aspects of building emergency material management system, building emergency supplies management information system and Emergency supplies layout problems, in order to achieve a scientific storage site layout, reasonable storage structure and sufficient reserves, full use of limited human, material and financial resources to improve the efficiency of emergency management.
This paper began study base on three theories, emergency management, emergency supplies management and emergency supplies layout, to construct the main line building emergency supplies management system, and the sub-line building emergency material management information system and railway emergency supplies layout model.
To assist decision-making of railway emergency material management and improve the efficiency of railway emergency material management system, this paper constructs railway emergency material management system, which is to resolve emergency material management at wartime and peacetime. This paper integrates the whole system of organization, process, resource, information and other factors of emergency material management in a scientific and standardized way in order to manage emergency material dynamic with overall process and comprehensive dynamic.
We set up hardware and software structure and function structure of emergency material management information system which is the part of emergency material management system, and specified status of MIS, emergency supplies, in the emergency management system, and the relationships of emergency material management information system and emergency material management systems and emergency management system.
To achieve emergency supplies management optimization and decision-making optimization module function in the emergency supplies management system, in view of the existing emergency supplies reserve system and location of railway emergency supplies reserve point and the characteristics of configuration, the paper studies railway emergency supplies layout in two aspects, emergency material storage site allocation and configuration through modeling. At first, the paper establishes storage point location model based on the theory, emergency supplies point covering line, and applies to the improved branching pruning search method for solving. Then relaxing constraints for model optimization: under the condition of specified storage points, for the railway emergency supplies storage site allocation problems and the maximum three-arc-sect covering problems based on quantitative restrictions situation, we separately establish comprehensive AHP method, the goal programming method of allocation model and the biggest three-arc-sect cover allocation model. Secondly, the paper proposes emergency storage material classification based on clustering analysis, and we supply different storage way aiming at these different categories, through combining the fuzzy evidence reasoning and case fuzzy reasoning method, we analyse various emergency supplies needs, and then made sure each kind of emergency supplies reserves based on the stock material theory, in order to lower storage cost and inventory cost under the situation of guaranteeing emergency supplies needs.
本文在应急管理、应急物资管理及物资布局三大理论基础上,以构建应急物资管理系统为主线,以构建应急物资管理信息系统和建立铁路应急物资布局模型为分线展开研究：
为辅助铁路应急物资管理决策,提高铁路应急物资管理的效率,构建了铁路应急物资管理系统,解决其平时状态和战时状态下的应急物资管理,对整个系统内的应急物资管理组织、流程、资源、信息等要素进行科学化、标准化整合,实现针对应急物资全过程和全方位的动态管理。
针对应急物资管理系统中的应急物资管理信息系统,搭设了其硬件和软件结构以及功能结构,并指明应急物资MIS在应急管理系统中的地位及其与应急物资管理系统、应急管理系统三者之间的关系。
为实现应急物资管理系统中的应急物资管理优化及决策优化模块的功能,针对我国现行的应急物资储备制度及铁路应急物资储备点选址和配置的特征,对铁路应急物资布局的两个方面——储备点选址和配置进行了建模研究。一是建立了基于点覆盖线理论的应急物资储备点选址模型,并应用改进的分枝剪枝搜索法进行求解。而后放松约束条件进行模型优化：针对指定储备点情况下的铁路应急物资储备点选址问题和数量限制情况下最大弧段覆盖问题,分别建立了综合AHP方法和目标规划方法的选址模型和最大弧段覆盖选址模型。二是给出了基于聚类分析的应急储备物资分类,针对这些不同类别物资提出了不同的储备方式,并结合模糊证据推理和案例模糊推理方法进行各类应急物资需求分析,然后根据物资库存等理论确定各类应急物资的储备量,以在保证应急物资需求的情况下降低储备成本、库存成本。
Emergency supplies is the material guarantee of emergency response, also the material basis for the operation of the emergency system, management of emergency supplies directly determines the effectiveness of emergency response, so it must build a management system which is maturity and scientific for emergency supplies. There is need for modeling and analysis as emergency material storage site allocation and emergency supplies configuration management is key issues and emergency decision-making module in materials management systems. Therefore, this paper combine with emergency supplies management practices, studied the allocation and configuration, two aspects of building emergency material management system, building emergency supplies management information system and Emergency supplies layout problems, in order to achieve a scientific storage site layout, reasonable storage structure and sufficient reserves, full use of limited human, material and financial resources to improve the efficiency of emergency management.
This paper began study base on three theories, emergency management, emergency supplies management and emergency supplies layout, to construct the main line building emergency supplies management system, and the sub-line building emergency material management information system and railway emergency supplies layout model.
To assist decision-making of railway emergency material management and improve the efficiency of railway emergency material management system, this paper constructs railway emergency material management system, which is to resolve emergency material management at wartime and peacetime. This paper integrates the whole system of organization, process, resource, information and other factors of emergency material management in a scientific and standardized way in order to manage emergency material dynamic with overall process and comprehensive dynamic.
We set up hardware and software structure and function structure of emergency material management information system which is the part of emergency material management system, and specified status of MIS, emergency supplies, in the emergency management system, and the relationships of emergency material management information system and emergency material management systems and emergency management system.
To achieve emergency supplies management optimization and decision-making optimization module function in the emergency supplies management system, in view of the existing emergency supplies reserve system and location of railway emergency supplies reserve point and the characteristics of configuration, the paper studies railway emergency supplies layout in two aspects, emergency material storage site allocation and configuration through modeling. At first, the paper establishes storage point location model based on the theory, emergency supplies point covering line, and applies to the improved branching pruning search method for solving. Then relaxing constraints for model optimization: under the condition of specified storage points, for the railway emergency supplies storage site allocation problems and the maximum three-arc-sect covering problems based on quantitative restrictions situation, we separately establish comprehensive AHP method, the goal programming method of allocation model and the biggest three-arc-sect cover allocation model. Secondly, the paper proposes emergency storage material classification based on clustering analysis, and we supply different storage way aiming at these different categories, through combining the fuzzy evidence reasoning and case fuzzy reasoning method, we analyse various emergency supplies needs, and then made sure each kind of emergency supplies reserves based on the stock material theory, in order to lower storage cost and inventory cost under the situation of guaranteeing emergency supplies needs.
引文
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[2]S.L. Hakimi, Optimum distribution of switching centers in a communication network and some related graph theoretic problems [J].Operation Research.1965,13:462-475
[3]Toregas C, Swaim. Randal, The Location of Emergency Service Facilities. Operation Research.1971,19: 1363-1373
[4]Church R. L, ReVeUe C. The Maximal Covering Location Problem. Papers of Regional Science Association.1974,32:101—108
[5]R.H.Ballou, Dynamic Warehouse Location Analysis Journal of Marketing Research,Vol.5.1968,PP.271-276
[6]apiero C. S. Transportation·location-allocation Problems over Time. Journal of Regioal Science.197 1,11(3):377-384
[7]Gunawardance. Dynamic Versions of Set Covering Type Public Facility Location Problems. European Journal of Operational Research.1982,10(1):190-195
[8]Berman,Odoni A. R. Location Mobile Facilities on a Network with Markovian Properties. Network.1982, 12:73-86
[9]Mirchandani P. B. Locmion Decisions on Stochastic Network. Geographical Analysis.1980,12(2):172-183
[10]Vladimir M, Charles R. The queuing probabilistic location set covering and some extension[J]. Socio— Economic Planning Science,1994,28:167—168
[11]C. Toregas. R. Swain, C. ReVelle and L. Bergman. The Location of Emergency Service Facilities. Operations Research.1971,19:1363-1373
[12]Masood A.B.Amr K. Mortagy. Colonel Ali Alsayed.A multi-objective model for locating tire stations[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1998,110:243—260
[13]John Cosgrave.Decision making in emergencies[J].Disaster Prevention and Management,1996,(5):4-28
[14]Hogan. K, ReVelle.C.S. Conception and Applications of Backup Coverage. Management Science.1986, 32:1432-1444
[15]Daskin M. S. A Maximum Expected Covering Location Model:Formulation Properties and Heuristic Solution. Transportation Science.1983,17(1):48-70
[16]Brotconme L, Laporte G. Semet F. Ambulance Location and Relocation Models. European Journal of Operation Research.2003,147(4):451—463
[17]方磊,何建敏.城市应急系统优化选址决策模型和算法.[J]管理科学学报.2005，8(1)：12-16.
[18]何敏,刘春林,曹杰,方磊.应急管理与应急系统一选址、调度与算法[M].科学出版社2005.7.
[19]方磊,何建敏.给定限期条件下的应急系统优化选址模型及算法[J].管理工程学报,2004,01.
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