基于Petri网的城市轨道交通应急系统建模研究
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摘要
城市轨道交通应急体系,是城市轨道交通在各类突发情况下保障公众生命安全、保障系统设施安全、保障系统运转稳定,具有对各类突发事件进行“预警、防御、处置”能力的综合功能体系。预警体系是城市轨道交通系统应对各类突发事件的“前哨站”,是对各类危害因素及突发事件进行“监、测、报”的装备功能与行为规程体系。
当前全国各地迎来新一轮的轨道交通建设发展高峰。轨道交通的特点是结构复杂、客流密集和空间布局限制,为了减少突发事件对社会的压力和人民生命财产安全的威胁。找出适合中国国情的城市轨道交通应急应急系统为社会服务。
本文立足于城市轨道交通发展现状,对既有城市轨道交通应急系统进行整理分析,将轨道交通应急系统分为四部分：预警系统、防御系统、预案系统及组织系统,并分别对上述四部分内容及其相互关系进行详细描述。通过Petri网对某一突发事件时的城市轨道交通应急系统建立模型,并在此系统中加入时间因素,来计算应急系统的救援时间,对系统进行量化的认识。
The urban rail transit emergency response system is an integrated function system which will ensure public safety, system facility safety and stability and also has the capability of "early warning, defense, disposal" in all types of unexpected events in urban rail traffic. An early warning system is the "outpost" of various types of emergencies in urban rail transit system. It is also the equipment function and behaviour order system of "monitoring, measurement, report" of various types of risk factors in unexpected events.
Nowadays, there is a new peak of rail transit development all over the country. Because of the complicated structure of rail transit, great traffic density and space layout constraints, etc, we need to find the suitable urban rail transit emergency system for China's society to reduce the threat and pressure of emergent event.
Based on the current situation of urban rail transit development, this article first made the urban rail transit emergency system analysis, divided the system into four parts, namely, early warning systems, defense systems, plan systems and organizational system and then made detailed description of the four parts and their inner relations. Establish system model with Petri nets and the urban rail transit emergency rescue system of a certain event. Add the time factor to this system to assess the rescue its time and as a result, have quantitative understanding of the system.
当前全国各地迎来新一轮的轨道交通建设发展高峰。轨道交通的特点是结构复杂、客流密集和空间布局限制,为了减少突发事件对社会的压力和人民生命财产安全的威胁。找出适合中国国情的城市轨道交通应急应急系统为社会服务。
本文立足于城市轨道交通发展现状,对既有城市轨道交通应急系统进行整理分析,将轨道交通应急系统分为四部分：预警系统、防御系统、预案系统及组织系统,并分别对上述四部分内容及其相互关系进行详细描述。通过Petri网对某一突发事件时的城市轨道交通应急系统建立模型,并在此系统中加入时间因素,来计算应急系统的救援时间,对系统进行量化的认识。
The urban rail transit emergency response system is an integrated function system which will ensure public safety, system facility safety and stability and also has the capability of "early warning, defense, disposal" in all types of unexpected events in urban rail traffic. An early warning system is the "outpost" of various types of emergencies in urban rail transit system. It is also the equipment function and behaviour order system of "monitoring, measurement, report" of various types of risk factors in unexpected events.
Nowadays, there is a new peak of rail transit development all over the country. Because of the complicated structure of rail transit, great traffic density and space layout constraints, etc, we need to find the suitable urban rail transit emergency system for China's society to reduce the threat and pressure of emergent event.
Based on the current situation of urban rail transit development, this article first made the urban rail transit emergency system analysis, divided the system into four parts, namely, early warning systems, defense systems, plan systems and organizational system and then made detailed description of the four parts and their inner relations. Establish system model with Petri nets and the urban rail transit emergency rescue system of a certain event. Add the time factor to this system to assess the rescue its time and as a result, have quantitative understanding of the system.
引文
[1]寇有观,苏国平.应急信息系统总体框架研究.中国地理信息系统协会第三次代表大会暨第七届年会论文集.2003.612-613
[2]北京市突发事件应急管理体制研究.2005课题调研成果汇编.295-298
[3]吴宗之 刘茂 重大事故应急救援系统及预案导论[M]北京：冶金工业出版社2004.13-17
[4]Suleiman Tufekci and William A. Wallace. The Emerging Area of Emergency Management and Engineering TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, IEEE VOL.45, NO.2, MAY 1998.103-105
[5]翟晓敏,盛昭瀚,何建敏.应急研究综述与展望.系统工程理论与实践.1998年7月.第7期.19-23
[6]王仲飞.列车运行监控记录软件设计与实现.哈尔滨工程大学.2007.20
[7]霍彦.大城市应急指挥系统研究[D].天津大学.2004.12-15
[8]高岩.基于Petri网的交通应急指挥系统流程设计与分析研究[D].北京交通大学.2006：2-4
[9]Petri C A. Konimunikation mit automaten. Ph D dissertation. University of Born, West Germany, 1962
[10]Petri C A. Introduction to general net theory. LNCS,1980, Vol.84
[11]Hack M. Decidability questions for Petri nets. Ph D dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,1975
[12]Jensen K. High-level Petri nets:Applications and theory of Petri net. Informatics Fachberichte, 1983, Vol.66
[13]Genrich H J. Predicate/transition nets. LNCS,1986,VOL.254:207～247
[14]Ramchandani C. High-level Petri nets Applications and theory of Petri net. Informatik Fachberichte,1983, vol.66
[15]Merlin P, Faber D J. Recoverability of Communication protocols.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1976, Vol.24, No 9
[16]Ramchandani C. High-level Petri nets:Applications and theory of Petri net.Informatik Fachberichte,1983, vol.66
[17]Molloy M K. Performance analysis using stochastic Petri nets. IEEE Transactions on Computers,1982, Vol 31, No.9
[18]Lakos C A. Object Petri nets:definition and relationship to colored nets.Technology Report R-94-3, University of Tasmani, Australia,1994
[19]Suzuki I. Fundamental properties and application of temporal Petri nets.Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,1985:641-646
[20]Suzuki I. Lu H. Temporal Petri Nets and their application to modeling and analysis of a handshake daisy chain arbiter. IEEE Transactions on Computers,1989, VolC-38, No 5:696-704
[21]Suzuki I. Formal analysis of the alternating bit protocol by temporal Petri nets. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1990, Vol.16, No 11:1273—1281
[22]Krogh B H.Controlled Petri nets and maximally permissive feedback logic.Procee--ings of the 25th Annual Allerton Conferences, University of Illinois, Urbana,1987:317-326
[23]Zhou M C. DiCesare F. A hybrid methodology for synthesis Petri nets for manufac-turing systems. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,1992, Vol.8:350-361
[24]Workflow Management Coalition.Workflow management coalition terminology glossary.http://www.wfmc.org,Feb 1999
[25]Vander Aalst WMP. Three good reasons for using a Petri-net-based workflow management System[C].Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Information and Process Integration in Enterprise(IPIC96),Cambridge Massachusetts:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996:1.
[26]M C.Recent trends in workflow management products standards, and research 1997. http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfhato97.pdf
[27]CA. Ellis. Information Control Nets:A Math ematieal Model of Object Information Flow[J].Proc of the Conference on Simulation, Measurement and Modeling of Com Puter Systems, Boulder,1979:225-240
[28]T. Murata. Petri Nets:Properties, Analysis and Applications. Pro of the IEEE 1989,77(4): 541-580
[29]蒋昌俊.Petri网的行为理论及其应用[M].北京：高等教育出版社2003：2-5
[30]王凉.日本政府危机管理机制及对我国的启示[J].商业时代.2006(6)：48
[31]马剑,陈欣.各国应急防灾的招数[J].决策与信息.2005(11)：71
[32]刘晓燕.上海轨道交通应急机制研究[D].上海交通大学.2008：15-20
[33]蒋卫东.城市轨道交通行车安全管理相关问题探讨[D].北京交通大学.2006：9—13
[33]吴量福.运作、决策、信息与应急管理---美国地方政府管理实例研究[M].天津人民出版社2004：10-12
[34]袁崇义.Petri网原理与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2005：25-30,51-58
[35]仲华惟.基于Petri网的物流信息系统建模与实现[D].山东大学.2004：8-13
[36]T Murata.Petri nets:Properties analysis and applications. In proceedings of the IEEE.1989,77 (4):541-580
[37]仲华惟.基于Petri网的物流信息系统建模与实现[D].山东大学.2004：8-13
[38]魏勇.Petri网在工作流建模,分析及仿真中应用的研究[D].兰州大学.2005：33-34
[39]JPeterson.Petri nets theory and the modeling of systems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1981
[40]徐强.企业流程的建模与优化方法研究[D].江苏理工大学.2000：27-30
[41]许安国,蒋昌俊.P／T网的化简运算及其性质研究[J].软件学报.1997,(7)：493-504。
[42]艾厚文.基于随机Petri网的铁路应急预案流程化研究[D].北京交通大学,2007：7--11
[43]崔艳萍,唐帧敏,李毅雄.城市轨道交通安全管理体系研究[J].都市快轨交通,2005,18(3)：11—14
[44]胡耀光,范玉顺.基于模糊层次分析法的企业核心业务系统选择决策模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(2)：215—219.
[45]刘光武.城市轨道交通应急救援能力的评价都市快轨交通[J].都市快轨交通,2009(1)：30
[46]何文凯,刘剑,王金桃.基于危机事前管理的城市轨道交通安全管理[J].城市轨道交通研究,2006(6)：2
[47]邵伟中,朱效洁,徐瑞华.城市轨道交通事故故障应急处置相关问题研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2006(1)：10
[48]刘乐毅.地铁运营应急联动问题研究[J].现代城市轨道交通.2007：47-49
[49]安金朝.应急响应过程可靠性建模及调度方法研究[D].南昌大学,2007：28-30
[50]崔丽霞.基于Petri网的汽车制造业采购业务流程仿真优化研究[D].吉林大学,2005：23
[51]魏勇.Petri网在工作流建模分析及仿真中应用的研究[D].兰州大学,2005：33-34
[2]北京市突发事件应急管理体制研究.2005课题调研成果汇编.295-298
[3]吴宗之 刘茂 重大事故应急救援系统及预案导论[M]北京：冶金工业出版社2004.13-17
[4]Suleiman Tufekci and William A. Wallace. The Emerging Area of Emergency Management and Engineering TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, IEEE VOL.45, NO.2, MAY 1998.103-105
[5]翟晓敏,盛昭瀚,何建敏.应急研究综述与展望.系统工程理论与实践.1998年7月.第7期.19-23
[6]王仲飞.列车运行监控记录软件设计与实现.哈尔滨工程大学.2007.20
[7]霍彦.大城市应急指挥系统研究[D].天津大学.2004.12-15
[8]高岩.基于Petri网的交通应急指挥系统流程设计与分析研究[D].北京交通大学.2006：2-4
[9]Petri C A. Konimunikation mit automaten. Ph D dissertation. University of Born, West Germany, 1962
[10]Petri C A. Introduction to general net theory. LNCS,1980, Vol.84
[11]Hack M. Decidability questions for Petri nets. Ph D dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,1975
[12]Jensen K. High-level Petri nets:Applications and theory of Petri net. Informatics Fachberichte, 1983, Vol.66
[13]Genrich H J. Predicate/transition nets. LNCS,1986,VOL.254:207～247
[14]Ramchandani C. High-level Petri nets Applications and theory of Petri net. Informatik Fachberichte,1983, vol.66
[15]Merlin P, Faber D J. Recoverability of Communication protocols.IEEE Transactions on Communications,1976, Vol.24, No 9
[16]Ramchandani C. High-level Petri nets:Applications and theory of Petri net.Informatik Fachberichte,1983, vol.66
[17]Molloy M K. Performance analysis using stochastic Petri nets. IEEE Transactions on Computers,1982, Vol 31, No.9
[18]Lakos C A. Object Petri nets:definition and relationship to colored nets.Technology Report R-94-3, University of Tasmani, Australia,1994
[19]Suzuki I. Fundamental properties and application of temporal Petri nets.Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,1985:641-646
[20]Suzuki I. Lu H. Temporal Petri Nets and their application to modeling and analysis of a handshake daisy chain arbiter. IEEE Transactions on Computers,1989, VolC-38, No 5:696-704
[21]Suzuki I. Formal analysis of the alternating bit protocol by temporal Petri nets. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1990, Vol.16, No 11:1273—1281
[22]Krogh B H.Controlled Petri nets and maximally permissive feedback logic.Procee--ings of the 25th Annual Allerton Conferences, University of Illinois, Urbana,1987:317-326
[23]Zhou M C. DiCesare F. A hybrid methodology for synthesis Petri nets for manufac-turing systems. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,1992, Vol.8:350-361
[24]Workflow Management Coalition.Workflow management coalition terminology glossary.http://www.wfmc.org,Feb 1999
[25]Vander Aalst WMP. Three good reasons for using a Petri-net-based workflow management System[C].Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Information and Process Integration in Enterprise(IPIC96),Cambridge Massachusetts:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996:1.
[26]M C.Recent trends in workflow management products standards, and research 1997. http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfhato97.pdf
[27]CA. Ellis. Information Control Nets:A Math ematieal Model of Object Information Flow[J].Proc of the Conference on Simulation, Measurement and Modeling of Com Puter Systems, Boulder,1979:225-240
[28]T. Murata. Petri Nets:Properties, Analysis and Applications. Pro of the IEEE 1989,77(4): 541-580
[29]蒋昌俊.Petri网的行为理论及其应用[M].北京：高等教育出版社2003：2-5
[30]王凉.日本政府危机管理机制及对我国的启示[J].商业时代.2006(6)：48
[31]马剑,陈欣.各国应急防灾的招数[J].决策与信息.2005(11)：71
[32]刘晓燕.上海轨道交通应急机制研究[D].上海交通大学.2008：15-20
[33]蒋卫东.城市轨道交通行车安全管理相关问题探讨[D].北京交通大学.2006：9—13
[33]吴量福.运作、决策、信息与应急管理---美国地方政府管理实例研究[M].天津人民出版社2004：10-12
[34]袁崇义.Petri网原理与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2005：25-30,51-58
[35]仲华惟.基于Petri网的物流信息系统建模与实现[D].山东大学.2004：8-13
[36]T Murata.Petri nets:Properties analysis and applications. In proceedings of the IEEE.1989,77 (4):541-580
[37]仲华惟.基于Petri网的物流信息系统建模与实现[D].山东大学.2004：8-13
[38]魏勇.Petri网在工作流建模,分析及仿真中应用的研究[D].兰州大学.2005：33-34
[39]JPeterson.Petri nets theory and the modeling of systems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1981
[40]徐强.企业流程的建模与优化方法研究[D].江苏理工大学.2000：27-30
[41]许安国,蒋昌俊.P／T网的化简运算及其性质研究[J].软件学报.1997,(7)：493-504。
[42]艾厚文.基于随机Petri网的铁路应急预案流程化研究[D].北京交通大学,2007：7--11
[43]崔艳萍,唐帧敏,李毅雄.城市轨道交通安全管理体系研究[J].都市快轨交通,2005,18(3)：11—14
[44]胡耀光,范玉顺.基于模糊层次分析法的企业核心业务系统选择决策模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(2)：215—219.
[45]刘光武.城市轨道交通应急救援能力的评价都市快轨交通[J].都市快轨交通,2009(1)：30
[46]何文凯,刘剑,王金桃.基于危机事前管理的城市轨道交通安全管理[J].城市轨道交通研究,2006(6)：2
[47]邵伟中,朱效洁,徐瑞华.城市轨道交通事故故障应急处置相关问题研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2006(1)：10
[48]刘乐毅.地铁运营应急联动问题研究[J].现代城市轨道交通.2007：47-49
[49]安金朝.应急响应过程可靠性建模及调度方法研究[D].南昌大学,2007：28-30
[50]崔丽霞.基于Petri网的汽车制造业采购业务流程仿真优化研究[D].吉林大学,2005：23
[51]魏勇.Petri网在工作流建模分析及仿真中应用的研究[D].兰州大学,2005：33-34