铝土矿正浮选尾矿脱水及回用的研究
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摘要
本文从铝土矿正浮选尾矿的矿浆成分和物理化学性质研究入手,分析了铝土矿正浮选尾矿难于沉降和脱水的原因,并对其尾矿废水的回用进行了研究。
通过尾矿矿浆的沉降试验,系统地考察了矿浆pH值、矿浆浓度、凝聚剂及絮凝剂等对尾矿沉降性能的影响。结果表明：颗粒表面电性是影响铝土矿浮选尾矿沉降性能的重要因素,调节pH=7左右即可实现尾矿的良好沉降；矿浆浓度是影响尾矿沉降的另一重要因素,浓度高时矿浆黏度大,颗粒难以沉降；无机凝聚剂虽能降低矿浆pH,但尾矿沉降效果仍不如采用HCl调节矿浆pH；综合考虑尾矿水的回用,pH=7时,分子量为1400万的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺能取得最佳的沉降效果；比较四种有机酸与HCl调节pH值时对铝土矿正浮选尾矿沉降性能的影响,有机酸的沉降速度高于HC1,四种有机酸中对甲苯磺酸沉降效果最好,乙醇酸次之,磺基水杨酸与抗坏血酸的效果相对较弱。
单矿物及实际矿石浮选试验表明,水质对一水硬铝石单矿物及铝土矿实际矿石的浮选影响比较大。其中,用有机酸(对甲苯磺酸)调节矿浆pH时获得的尾矿回水浮选指标优于无机酸(HCl)处理后的尾矿回水。
矿物表面Zeta电位和红外光谱分析表明,阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺使尾矿ζ电位的绝对值降低,尾矿与阳离子型絮凝剂之间,以静电物理吸附为主。而阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺主要通过氢键吸附于高岭石及-水硬铝石表面,产生了强烈的絮凝作用。
Based on the studies of the composition and the chemical and physical properties of diasporic-bauxite tailings, this paper analyzed the reason of flotation tailings of bauxite which is difficult to dewater by sedimentation, and the process of water recycling of tailings was also studied.
The effects of pulp pH value, pulp concentration, coagulant and flocculant on the sediment properties of tailings were studied by the sedimentation test. The results show that surface electrical property of mineral particles is the one of the important factors which has effect on tailings sedimentation. When the pH value is equal to 7, good sedimentation results for bauxite tailings can be obtained. Concentration of tailings pulp is another important factor for tailings sedimentation. In high concentration pulp, the viscosity is too big to slow the settlement of particles. Inorganic coagulants can reduce the pH value of tailings pulp, but the sedimentation results are not as well as hydrochloric acid. Considering the water recycling, the anion polyacrylamide with the molecular weight of 14 million can present the best sedimentation result at pH=7. Comparing four kinds of organic acids with hydrochloric acid, the sedimentation velocity of tailings is faster while using four organic acids instead of hydrochloric acid. Generally, P-toluene sulfuric acid is the best, glycollic acid takes the second place, sulfosalicylic acid and ascorbic acid are relatively worse.
The floatation results show that water quality plays more important role in the flotation of diaspore and bauxite ore, but better results could be produced by using organic acid (PTC) as pH value regulator than using HC1.
The Zeta potential and FTIR spectrum measurements show that cationic polyacrylamide can reduce the absolute value of Zeta potential of bauxite tailings. The adsorption of cationic flocculant on tailings is mostly in the form of electrostatic physical adsorption, but the adsorption of anionic polyacrylamide on kaolinite and diaspore surface is mostly in the form of hydrogen bond adsorption and it forms stronger flocculation of tailings.
通过尾矿矿浆的沉降试验,系统地考察了矿浆pH值、矿浆浓度、凝聚剂及絮凝剂等对尾矿沉降性能的影响。结果表明：颗粒表面电性是影响铝土矿浮选尾矿沉降性能的重要因素,调节pH=7左右即可实现尾矿的良好沉降；矿浆浓度是影响尾矿沉降的另一重要因素,浓度高时矿浆黏度大,颗粒难以沉降；无机凝聚剂虽能降低矿浆pH,但尾矿沉降效果仍不如采用HCl调节矿浆pH；综合考虑尾矿水的回用,pH=7时,分子量为1400万的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺能取得最佳的沉降效果；比较四种有机酸与HCl调节pH值时对铝土矿正浮选尾矿沉降性能的影响,有机酸的沉降速度高于HC1,四种有机酸中对甲苯磺酸沉降效果最好,乙醇酸次之,磺基水杨酸与抗坏血酸的效果相对较弱。
单矿物及实际矿石浮选试验表明,水质对一水硬铝石单矿物及铝土矿实际矿石的浮选影响比较大。其中,用有机酸(对甲苯磺酸)调节矿浆pH时获得的尾矿回水浮选指标优于无机酸(HCl)处理后的尾矿回水。
矿物表面Zeta电位和红外光谱分析表明,阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺使尾矿ζ电位的绝对值降低,尾矿与阳离子型絮凝剂之间,以静电物理吸附为主。而阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺主要通过氢键吸附于高岭石及-水硬铝石表面,产生了强烈的絮凝作用。
Based on the studies of the composition and the chemical and physical properties of diasporic-bauxite tailings, this paper analyzed the reason of flotation tailings of bauxite which is difficult to dewater by sedimentation, and the process of water recycling of tailings was also studied.
The effects of pulp pH value, pulp concentration, coagulant and flocculant on the sediment properties of tailings were studied by the sedimentation test. The results show that surface electrical property of mineral particles is the one of the important factors which has effect on tailings sedimentation. When the pH value is equal to 7, good sedimentation results for bauxite tailings can be obtained. Concentration of tailings pulp is another important factor for tailings sedimentation. In high concentration pulp, the viscosity is too big to slow the settlement of particles. Inorganic coagulants can reduce the pH value of tailings pulp, but the sedimentation results are not as well as hydrochloric acid. Considering the water recycling, the anion polyacrylamide with the molecular weight of 14 million can present the best sedimentation result at pH=7. Comparing four kinds of organic acids with hydrochloric acid, the sedimentation velocity of tailings is faster while using four organic acids instead of hydrochloric acid. Generally, P-toluene sulfuric acid is the best, glycollic acid takes the second place, sulfosalicylic acid and ascorbic acid are relatively worse.
The floatation results show that water quality plays more important role in the flotation of diaspore and bauxite ore, but better results could be produced by using organic acid (PTC) as pH value regulator than using HC1.
The Zeta potential and FTIR spectrum measurements show that cationic polyacrylamide can reduce the absolute value of Zeta potential of bauxite tailings. The adsorption of cationic flocculant on tailings is mostly in the form of electrostatic physical adsorption, but the adsorption of anionic polyacrylamide on kaolinite and diaspore surface is mostly in the form of hydrogen bond adsorption and it forms stronger flocculation of tailings.
引文
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[3]戴晶平.凡口选矿回水中铅锌硫化矿浮选基础研究与工业实践：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2005
[4]杨承祥.建设无公害矿山初探.云南冶金,1999,28(5)：6-9
[5]钱小青.葛丽英,赵由才.冶金过程废水处理与利用.北京：冶金工业出版社,2008,57～93
[6]张康生.凡口选矿废水沉降处理研究与水质评价：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2004
[7]吉鸿安.利用臭氧分解选矿废水中黄药和二号油.甘肃冶金,2008,30(3)：70～71
[8]顾泽平.苯胺黑药废水的物化净化特性研究：[博士学位论文].广州：广东工业大学,2006
[9]Brian A.Dempsey, Rui M.Danho, and Charles R.O Melia. The Coagulation of Humic Substances By Means of Aluminum Salts. J. AWWA,1984,4, 141-150
[10]刘翠霞,邓昌亮.龙口褐煤对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附与还原.化工环保,1996,16(6)：337～341
[11]解庆林,张学洪,李金城,等.选矿废水的混凝沉淀处理及回用工程设计.2000,20(4)：186-188
[12]严发真,钟涛.磷矿浮选废水治理的探索与实践.化工矿物与加工1999,(9)：16～18
[13]唐受印,戴友芝.水处理工程师手册.北京：化学工业出版社,2000：115～232
[14]严群,罗仙平,赖兰萍等.会东铅锌矿选矿废水净化回用工艺的试验研究.工业水处理,2008,28(3)：57～60
[15]赵永斌,袁增伟等.混凝吸附处理选矿废水的研究.广东工业大学学报,2001,12(4)：94～97
[16]黄万抚,王淑君.硫化沉淀法处理矿山酸性废水研究.环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(8)：84～87
[17]谢光炎,戴文灿,孙水裕.硫化沉淀浮选法处理矿山井下废水研究.有 色金属(选矿部分),2003,(2)：41～43
[18]胡岳华,王毓华,王淀佐.铝硅矿物浮选化学与铝土矿脱硅.北京：科学出版社,2004：10～12
[19]Ishchenko, V. V. Action of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium oleate upon bauxite minerals. Izv VUZ Tsvet Metall,1972,5:8-12 (in Russian)
[20]Ishchenko, V. V. Pysico chemical interaction of bauxite-forming minerals with flotation reagents. Nauch Tech Konf Ureal Politeckh Inst.1973,1: 10～11 (in Russian)
[21]Salatic. Floatability of boehmite and kaolin with anionic collectors. Trav. Com. Int. Etude bauxite, Alumina Alum.,1979,15:157～159
[22]Ishchenko, V. V. Flotation of silica from bauxite. Izv VUZ Tsvet Metall., 1974,3:7～11 (in Russian)
[23]Anishchenko, N. M. Interaction of cation reagents in the flotation of chamosite gibbisite bauxites. Izv VUZ Tsvet Metall.,1972,4:12～16 (in Russian)
[24]兰叶,王毓华,胡业民.铝上矿浮选尾矿基本特性与再利用研究.轻金属,2006,(10)：9-12
[25]张江娟.从赤泥中综合回收有价金属的工艺研究.南方冶金学院学报,2004,(2)：77～79
[26]赵国魂.复杂铝硅酸盐矿物的提纯及应用：[博士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2004
[27]刘富德,刘杰,陈森凤.蜂窝陶瓷的制备、性能及应用.佛山陶瓷.1999,5：33～35
[28]张国斌.铝土矿选矿及尾矿综合利用.轻金属,1998,(9)：5-6
[29]周国华,薛玉兰,何伯泉.铝土矿选矿除铁研究进展概况.矿产保护与利用,1999,(4)：44～47
[30]袁明亮,赵国魂,胡岳华.铝土矿浮选尾矿中溶解行为.过程工程学报,2004,4(1)：13-15
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