稀土镁在SS400钢中的作用机理研究
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摘要
本研究通过改变稀土、镁的加入量,进行了RE-Mg复合处理的SS400钢的试验研究,来确认稀土、镁在变质夹杂、去除夹杂、改善显微组织和动态再结晶中的作用。
首先,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪对4种不同稀土、镁含量的试样中夹杂物进行观察。试验表明:稀土、镁可以使钢中非金属夹杂物变性,有效控制夹杂物的大小、分布和形貌,使其平均颗粒直径减小并呈弥散分布。硫化物夹杂物尺寸由15.35μm减小到9.83μm,氧化物夹杂物尺寸由18.52μm减小到8.79μm。
其次,将试样正火、淬火处理后,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜对4种不同稀土、镁含量的试样组织进行观察。试验表明:稀土、镁的加入改善SS400钢显微组织,细化晶粒,使组织晶粒度提高,晶粒度等级由7~7.5提高到9~9.5;使SS400钢珠光体组织片间距明显减小,平均珠光体片层间距由334.6 nm减小到130.4 nm;使钢中珠光体数量减少,珠光体面积百分数由23.16%减小到16.61%;显微硬度提高,由148.2提高到了187;使淬火马氏体组织板条马氏体束细化。
最后,在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上测定不同稀土、镁含量的真应变—真应力曲线,分析稀土、镁对SS400钢动态再结晶的影响。实验表明:稀土对动态再结晶有强的固溶拖曳作用,稀土、镁复合处理后SS400钢形变抗力大;动态再结晶开始时间Rs增大,提高了再结晶温度。
本课题在低合金钢中加入微量稀土、镁,提高钢质增强国际竞争力,把稀土资源优势转化为钢的品种优势和经济优势,具有十分重大的意义。
The samples are gained by appending RE-Mg compound to the steel. In this dissertation, the influences of RE-Mg on the inclusions, microstructure and dynamic recrystallization of SS400 are studied and analyzed.
Firstly, the inclusions in different RE-Mg content sample are observed, through careful and directed attention by spectrum and scanning electronic microscope. It is found that RE-Mg compound modification can modify the inclusions in the steel very well and also control the size and distribution of the inclusions. Sulfide inclusions size decreased from 15.35μm to 9.83μm, oxide inclusions size decreased from 18.52μm to 8.79μm.
Secondly, the normalizing and quenching microstructure in different RE-Mg content sample are observed, through careful and directed attention by spectrum and scanning electronic microscope. It is found that the addition of RE-Mg in steel can improve the microstructure, keep the grain smaller, increase the microhardness, decrease the inter lamellar spacing of the pearlite, reduce the amount of perlite and make the lath martensite smaller. The grain size increases from grade 7.5 to grade 9.5, the pearlite area percentage reduce from 23.16% to 16.61%. The microhardness increases from 148.2 to 187 HV.
Lastly, on the heat simulation test machine, the true stress-true strain curves are mensurated to study the effect of RE-Mg in SS400 dynamic recrystallization. The resistance to deformation of SS400 steel augment, the Rs of dynamic recrystallization augment and the temperature of dynamic recrystallization increase.
The addition of mini-elements (RE-Mg) can advance the quality of steel. By This approach,we can enhance the international competition ability and make the resource advantage change to variety advantage which has great meaning.
首先,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪对4种不同稀土、镁含量的试样中夹杂物进行观察。试验表明:稀土、镁可以使钢中非金属夹杂物变性,有效控制夹杂物的大小、分布和形貌,使其平均颗粒直径减小并呈弥散分布。硫化物夹杂物尺寸由15.35μm减小到9.83μm,氧化物夹杂物尺寸由18.52μm减小到8.79μm。
其次,将试样正火、淬火处理后,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜对4种不同稀土、镁含量的试样组织进行观察。试验表明:稀土、镁的加入改善SS400钢显微组织,细化晶粒,使组织晶粒度提高,晶粒度等级由7~7.5提高到9~9.5;使SS400钢珠光体组织片间距明显减小,平均珠光体片层间距由334.6 nm减小到130.4 nm;使钢中珠光体数量减少,珠光体面积百分数由23.16%减小到16.61%;显微硬度提高,由148.2提高到了187;使淬火马氏体组织板条马氏体束细化。
最后,在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上测定不同稀土、镁含量的真应变—真应力曲线,分析稀土、镁对SS400钢动态再结晶的影响。实验表明:稀土对动态再结晶有强的固溶拖曳作用,稀土、镁复合处理后SS400钢形变抗力大;动态再结晶开始时间Rs增大,提高了再结晶温度。
本课题在低合金钢中加入微量稀土、镁,提高钢质增强国际竞争力,把稀土资源优势转化为钢的品种优势和经济优势,具有十分重大的意义。
The samples are gained by appending RE-Mg compound to the steel. In this dissertation, the influences of RE-Mg on the inclusions, microstructure and dynamic recrystallization of SS400 are studied and analyzed.
Firstly, the inclusions in different RE-Mg content sample are observed, through careful and directed attention by spectrum and scanning electronic microscope. It is found that RE-Mg compound modification can modify the inclusions in the steel very well and also control the size and distribution of the inclusions. Sulfide inclusions size decreased from 15.35μm to 9.83μm, oxide inclusions size decreased from 18.52μm to 8.79μm.
Secondly, the normalizing and quenching microstructure in different RE-Mg content sample are observed, through careful and directed attention by spectrum and scanning electronic microscope. It is found that the addition of RE-Mg in steel can improve the microstructure, keep the grain smaller, increase the microhardness, decrease the inter lamellar spacing of the pearlite, reduce the amount of perlite and make the lath martensite smaller. The grain size increases from grade 7.5 to grade 9.5, the pearlite area percentage reduce from 23.16% to 16.61%. The microhardness increases from 148.2 to 187 HV.
Lastly, on the heat simulation test machine, the true stress-true strain curves are mensurated to study the effect of RE-Mg in SS400 dynamic recrystallization. The resistance to deformation of SS400 steel augment, the Rs of dynamic recrystallization augment and the temperature of dynamic recrystallization increase.
The addition of mini-elements (RE-Mg) can advance the quality of steel. By This approach,we can enhance the international competition ability and make the resource advantage change to variety advantage which has great meaning.
引文
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[2]余宗森.稀土在钢铁中的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1987.
[3]徐光宪.稀土[M] .北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.
[4]周壹平,严学模,战东平等.我国重轨钢冶炼技术的发展[J].材料与冶金学报,2004,(3):83-89.
[5]余宗森.钢中稀土[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1982.
[6]刘余九.稀土[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1983.
[7]马幼平.复合变质对铸态耐磨钢夹杂物形态和性能的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2002,14(4):38-40.
[8]余景生,余宗森,章复中.稀土钢处理手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
[9]李代钟.钢中的非金属夹杂物[M].北京:科学出版社,1983:139.
[10]由淼等,第一届稀土在钢中应用学术会议论文摘要[R].中国稀土学会,1982.
[11]陈希颖,方仲华.第二届稀土在钢中应用学术会议论文摘要[R].中国稀土学会,1984.
[12]金心.稀土金属在钢铁中的应用[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[13] Z-X Yuan,Z-S Yu,P Tan,etal.Effect of rare earths on the carburization of steel[J].Materials science and engineering,1999,12(3):162-166.
[14]张明,陈晓军,刘凤君等.变质中锰耐磨钢的性能与应用[J].机械工程材料,2004,(28):38-40.
[15]张明,王俊新等.稀土、镁和钛复合变质中锰钢的耐磨性[J].热加工工艺,2003,(5):13-17.
[16] P rzybylski K ,Garratt-Reed A J,Pint B A,et al.Seg-regation of Y to grain boundaries in the Al2O3 scale formed on an ODS alloy[J].J Electrochem Soc,1987,134:3207-3208.
[17]黄志荣,徐宏,李培宁.稀土对渗铝HK40耐热钢氧化性能的影响[J].稀土,2002,23(1):38-40.
[18]《稀土在钢铁中的应用》编委会.稀土在钢铁中的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1987:315-325.
[19]余宗森,卢先利.我国稀土在钢中应用的进展和前景[J].中国稀土学会第四届年会,2000:249-253.
[20] Lin Qin,Ye Wen,Du Yuansheng.Behavior of rare earths in solid solution in steel [J].Chin J Met Technot,1990,(6):415-420.
[21]林勤,王怀斌,唐历.稀土钒复合微合金化作用研究[J].中国稀土学报.2001.19(2):146.
[22]林勤,宋波等.钢中稀土微合金化作用与应用前景[J].稀土,2001,(8):31-36.
[23]宋延沛,李秉哲,朱景芝等.稀土复合变质剂对高碳高速钢性能及组织的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2001,13(6):31-34.
[24]李平安,吴承建.稀土在钢铁中的应用[M].北京.冶金工业出版社.1987:263-267.
[25] Wilson D J,deBarbadillo J J ,Snape E.Desulfurization.deoxildation and sulfide shape control with nickel-magnesium[J].Furnace proceedings,1975:196.
[26] Saxena S K.The refining potential of magnesium in steelmaking[J].The Shenyang Sym-posium on Injection Metallurgy and Secondary Refining of Steel,1984:303.
[27] Gammal T E,赵风林.在钢的二次精炼中镁的作用[J].钢铁,1987,22(1):33-35.
[28]邓能运,杨治立,张明远等.铝镁合金脱氧理论研究[J].重庆工业高等专科学校学报,2001,16(2):40-43.
[29]刘澄,刘树海.单吹颗粒镁脱硫工艺在青钢第一炼钢厂的应用[J].山东冶金,2004,26(6):20-24.
[30]张雪松,胡道峰,王世俊等.钢包喂镁包芯线脱硫工艺研究[J].钢铁,2001,36(5):307-310.
[31]周德光,傅杰,李晶等.轴承钢中镁的控制及作用研究[J].钢铁,2002,37(7):23-25.
[32]孙文山,丁桂荣,罗铭蔚等.镁在35CrNi3MoV钢中的作用[J].兵器材料科学与工程,1997,(20):3-8.
[33]符寒光.RE-Mg-Ti变质对铸造高速钢组织和性能的影响[J].材料与冶金学报,2002,1(4):307-310.
[34] Fu Han.Effects of RE-Mg-Ti modification on the structures and properties of cast high speed steel[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2002,1(4):89-96.
[35]丁瑞久,于华财,刘宝忠.稀土镁硅合金在沸腾钢上的应用[J].炼钢,1997:12-17.
[36]朱兴元,石勤,林勤等.铈在低硫铌钛钢中的微合金化作用[J].中国稀土学报,2004,22(5):665-669.
[37]杜挺.稀土元素在金属材料中的一些物理化学作用[J].金属学报,1997,33(1):69-77.
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