割草机的设计与动态特性研究
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摘要
大力发展畜牧机械化是我国现代农业发展的必要条件,只有使畜牧业实现机械化,才能真正提高农业收入,人民的生活水平才得以改善。在畜牧业中牧草的种植、收割、存储等技术都需要改进,农牧民急需适用性能可靠的、价格适中的机械设备,代替手工操作,提高效益,增加收入。
在牧草切割机技术方面,割草机的种类少,构造复杂,维修使用不方便,价格高,基于此本文进行了后悬挂旋转式单圆盘牧草收割机的设计及动态特性分析。
本文首先讨论了割草机切割理论的研究和进展,阐述了国外割草机的发展历程,列举了近几年国内的研究情况以及新型割草机的性能特点,并且提出我国割草机技术的不足与发展趋势。
其次经过讨论筛选确定了收割机的基本结构,旋转式单圆盘割草机,由国产小型拖拉机后侧悬挂带动行进并输出动力,经过万向轴与两级传动,带动刀盘旋转切割,弹簧仿形,刀片固定在圆盘上。通过研究割草机的切割作业过程,对割刀进行受力与运动分析,经过计算确定出收割机的技术参数,为收割机设计提供理论依据。
接着进行了所有零件的设计、计算和校核,画出图纸,确定了各个零件的尺寸、材料,然后对收割机的使用又作了效益分析。
经过对动态特性及机械系统动态的认识,建立收割机动力学数学模型,进行收割机的运动分析,建立运动方程。之后对收割机分解机构,进行各个机构的受力分析,建立矩阵方程。又进行收割机的振动过程分析,建立振动方程,代入参数,得出数据,画出波形图。用MATLAB软件对收割机进行振动状态模拟,提高设计的质量和速度,具有重要的理论价值。
Devote major efforts to developing mechanization of the livestock farming is essential condition about the modern agriculture of our country. Only when the livestock farming accomplish mechanization, the receipts of agriculture can be raised, and the living standard of the people can be improved. The technologies about hay planting、 hay reaping and hay storing need improve in the livestock farming. The farmers need mechanisms of the reliable quality and the suitable price. So this can replace to be done by hand, and can raise benefit.The type of mowers is lack, and the structure of mowers is complex, the servicing and the employ of mowers are not convenient for the people. So we want to design the hay mower of the single disc rear mounted rotary and analysis the qualities of dynamic.The research and progress of hay reaping theory has firstly been discussed in this paper, then introduce the developing about foreign country, and cited the research situation in the years, and said the characteristic of quality in the new mower, and raised the developing tendencies about our mower.Secondly the basic structure of the mower has been defined after we discussed and screened, rear mounted rotary and single disc. The tractor can output power to mower. This hay mower has power transport and cushioning spring. Then this paper has studied the reaping practice, and analysis of force and movement of the blade and defined the numerical value.Then all parts are designed、 calculated and intended effect. In addition, this paper has carried on the beneficial analysis of the hay mower on the basis of the designed mower, too.This paper has done modeling to analysis force and movement of the every part, and extracted roots. The paper has studied vibration or the mower, and MATLAB dynamic simulation, and raised the quality and speed of design ,and possessed important theory value.
在牧草切割机技术方面,割草机的种类少,构造复杂,维修使用不方便,价格高,基于此本文进行了后悬挂旋转式单圆盘牧草收割机的设计及动态特性分析。
本文首先讨论了割草机切割理论的研究和进展,阐述了国外割草机的发展历程,列举了近几年国内的研究情况以及新型割草机的性能特点,并且提出我国割草机技术的不足与发展趋势。
其次经过讨论筛选确定了收割机的基本结构,旋转式单圆盘割草机,由国产小型拖拉机后侧悬挂带动行进并输出动力,经过万向轴与两级传动,带动刀盘旋转切割,弹簧仿形,刀片固定在圆盘上。通过研究割草机的切割作业过程,对割刀进行受力与运动分析,经过计算确定出收割机的技术参数,为收割机设计提供理论依据。
接着进行了所有零件的设计、计算和校核,画出图纸,确定了各个零件的尺寸、材料,然后对收割机的使用又作了效益分析。
经过对动态特性及机械系统动态的认识,建立收割机动力学数学模型,进行收割机的运动分析,建立运动方程。之后对收割机分解机构,进行各个机构的受力分析,建立矩阵方程。又进行收割机的振动过程分析,建立振动方程,代入参数,得出数据,画出波形图。用MATLAB软件对收割机进行振动状态模拟,提高设计的质量和速度,具有重要的理论价值。
Devote major efforts to developing mechanization of the livestock farming is essential condition about the modern agriculture of our country. Only when the livestock farming accomplish mechanization, the receipts of agriculture can be raised, and the living standard of the people can be improved. The technologies about hay planting、 hay reaping and hay storing need improve in the livestock farming. The farmers need mechanisms of the reliable quality and the suitable price. So this can replace to be done by hand, and can raise benefit.The type of mowers is lack, and the structure of mowers is complex, the servicing and the employ of mowers are not convenient for the people. So we want to design the hay mower of the single disc rear mounted rotary and analysis the qualities of dynamic.The research and progress of hay reaping theory has firstly been discussed in this paper, then introduce the developing about foreign country, and cited the research situation in the years, and said the characteristic of quality in the new mower, and raised the developing tendencies about our mower.Secondly the basic structure of the mower has been defined after we discussed and screened, rear mounted rotary and single disc. The tractor can output power to mower. This hay mower has power transport and cushioning spring. Then this paper has studied the reaping practice, and analysis of force and movement of the blade and defined the numerical value.Then all parts are designed、 calculated and intended effect. In addition, this paper has carried on the beneficial analysis of the hay mower on the basis of the designed mower, too.This paper has done modeling to analysis force and movement of the every part, and extracted roots. The paper has studied vibration or the mower, and MATLAB dynamic simulation, and raised the quality and speed of design ,and possessed important theory value.
引文
[1] 曾德芳等.牧草在发展畜牧业中的地位.中国牧业网,2003,5.
[2] 2002年中国环境公报 森林/草地,中国环保商务网.
[3] 徐龙等.我国牧草机械发展落后原因分析.农业机械,2003,5.
[4] 侯向阳,万里强.加入WTO与我国草业发展.中国农业科技导报,2002,4(1).
[5] 蒋耀等.八十年代国外农机化新技术.黑龙江:农村读物出版社出版,1984,10.261-263.
[6] Jon Newton. Profitable Organic Farming. Blackwell Science,1995,45-50.
[7] Jack Odle. Progressive Farmer. (Southeast edition). Birmingham: Mid-Feb 2002.Vol.117,Iss.4;pg.4,1pgs.
[8] 邱梅贞等.中国农业机械技术发展规律史.北京:机械工业出版社,1993,11.261-263.
[9] 扬文大.我国畜牧机械现状及发展趋势.畜牧业机械化,2000,1.
[10] 杨明韶.我国牧草基础研究工作进展及探索.农机化研究,2002,5.
[11] Clinton O. Jacobs, William R. Harrell. et. Agricultural Power and Machinery. New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,1983.
[12] Randall E. James. Machinery Cost Estimates for Amish Farms. Geauga County, Ohio,Volume 42 Number 5, 2004(10).
[13] 牧草(苜蓿)机械化生产作业技术规范.山东省农业机械管理办公室发布,2004,3.
[14] Schulman M. D, Evensen C. T. et. Farm work is dangerous for teens: Agricultural hazards and injuries among North Carolina teens. RURAL HEALTH 1997 13/4.
[15] 东北农学院.畜牧业机械化[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[16] 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990.152-173.
[17] Archie A. Stone, Harold E. Gulvin. MACHINES FOR POWER FARMING: New York,1997.
[18] 汪德众,王敦军等.9GYS—0.85型盘式甩刀割草机的设计.农机化研究,2003,1.
[19] 董德军,陈海霞.滚刀式铡草机刀片刃线分析[J].农机化研究,2002,2.
[20] 东北农学院.畜牧业机械化[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[21] E. H. Jaster and K. J. Moore. Animal Feed Sicence and Technology. Volume 38, Issues 2-3,16 August 1992, Pages 175-186.
[22] J. M. Shippen, C. R. Ellin, C. H. Clover. Basic Farm Machinery. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd,1985.
[23] 李秀娟,王丽等.9GY-2.3型牧草收割机的开发与研制.农业机械化与电气化,2004,1.
[24] 赵春花,汪玺.手扶式山地牧草收割机传动系统的研究.甘肃农业大学学报,2004,6.
[25] 国家机械工业局发布.JB/T 5154—1991旋转割草机 技术条件.
[26] 国家机械工业局发布.JB/T 51061—1999旋转割草机 产品质量分等.
[27] 张展主编.实用机械传动设计手册.北京:科学技术出版社,1989.
[28] 徐灏主编.机械设计手册(1-5).北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[29] 王成兵,韩红卫.92GZX0.9A型旋转割草机.畜牧机械化,2004,2.
[30] 高志平.割草机刀片的初期磨损现象及分析.金属热处理,1994,6.
[31] Alan Hopkins. Grass its production and Environmental.Blackwell Sicence Ltd,2003,102-112.
[32] 张文静.牧草收获机械的现状、机遇及发展[J].农村牧区机械化,2001,1.
[33] 刘国胜,刘孝忱等.9GZX-2.5型旋转式割草机生产考核分析.农村牧区机械化,2000,1.
[34] 阿布地喀迪尔等.草原改良及牧草收获机械化技术推广效益显著.棉田机械化,2002,8(4)
[35] Dr. Kelly J. Bryant, Mr. Robert Seay. High Quality Hay: Cost of Baling. June 2002.
[36] 周忠旺.草坪割草机的设计与割草质量.林业机械与木工设备,2002,10.
[37] M. B. McGechan, G.Cooper.et. Journal of Aricultural engineering Research. Volume 75,Issue 3,March 2000,Pages 291-313.
[38] Karen McMahon. Hay making made easier. Farm Industry News.,May(1),2003.
[39] 扬永来.92GHB-1.8型割草机试验和效益分析.畜牧机械化,2003,2.
[40] The influence of tyros on the dynamic behaviour of lawn mower, L. Clijmans, H. Ramon, J. langenakens and J.DE Baerdemaeker.
[41] 温熙森,陈循等.机械系统建模与动态分析.北京:科学出版社,2004,8.
[42] 陈新等.机械结构动态设计理论方法及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[43] 沈继红,施久玉等.数学建模.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1996.
[44] 聂春燕.MATLAB SIMULINK在动态系统仿真中的应用.长春大学学报,2001,1.
[45] 武汉水利电力学院编.工程力学——运动学和动力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1985.
[46] 郭力,朱波等.21世纪机械科学的展望(上)——21世纪机械动力学展望.精密制造与自动化,2001,1.
[47] Ivanov V. K, Tsyb A. F. et. Case-control analysis of leukaemia among Chernobyl accident emergency workers residing in the Russian Federation,1986-1993.J.RADIOL.PROT.1997 17/3.
[48] 李晓雷,俞德孚等.机械振动基础.北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[49] Liangsheng Qu,Xiong Liu.et.A New Approach to Computer-aided Vibration Surveillance of Rotating Machinery.Int.J.Computer Applications in Technology,1989,(2).
[50] 陈怀琛编著.MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[2] 2002年中国环境公报 森林/草地,中国环保商务网.
[3] 徐龙等.我国牧草机械发展落后原因分析.农业机械,2003,5.
[4] 侯向阳,万里强.加入WTO与我国草业发展.中国农业科技导报,2002,4(1).
[5] 蒋耀等.八十年代国外农机化新技术.黑龙江:农村读物出版社出版,1984,10.261-263.
[6] Jon Newton. Profitable Organic Farming. Blackwell Science,1995,45-50.
[7] Jack Odle. Progressive Farmer. (Southeast edition). Birmingham: Mid-Feb 2002.Vol.117,Iss.4;pg.4,1pgs.
[8] 邱梅贞等.中国农业机械技术发展规律史.北京:机械工业出版社,1993,11.261-263.
[9] 扬文大.我国畜牧机械现状及发展趋势.畜牧业机械化,2000,1.
[10] 杨明韶.我国牧草基础研究工作进展及探索.农机化研究,2002,5.
[11] Clinton O. Jacobs, William R. Harrell. et. Agricultural Power and Machinery. New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,1983.
[12] Randall E. James. Machinery Cost Estimates for Amish Farms. Geauga County, Ohio,Volume 42 Number 5, 2004(10).
[13] 牧草(苜蓿)机械化生产作业技术规范.山东省农业机械管理办公室发布,2004,3.
[14] Schulman M. D, Evensen C. T. et. Farm work is dangerous for teens: Agricultural hazards and injuries among North Carolina teens. RURAL HEALTH 1997 13/4.
[15] 东北农学院.畜牧业机械化[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[16] 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990.152-173.
[17] Archie A. Stone, Harold E. Gulvin. MACHINES FOR POWER FARMING: New York,1997.
[18] 汪德众,王敦军等.9GYS—0.85型盘式甩刀割草机的设计.农机化研究,2003,1.
[19] 董德军,陈海霞.滚刀式铡草机刀片刃线分析[J].农机化研究,2002,2.
[20] 东北农学院.畜牧业机械化[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[21] E. H. Jaster and K. J. Moore. Animal Feed Sicence and Technology. Volume 38, Issues 2-3,16 August 1992, Pages 175-186.
[22] J. M. Shippen, C. R. Ellin, C. H. Clover. Basic Farm Machinery. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd,1985.
[23] 李秀娟,王丽等.9GY-2.3型牧草收割机的开发与研制.农业机械化与电气化,2004,1.
[24] 赵春花,汪玺.手扶式山地牧草收割机传动系统的研究.甘肃农业大学学报,2004,6.
[25] 国家机械工业局发布.JB/T 5154—1991旋转割草机 技术条件.
[26] 国家机械工业局发布.JB/T 51061—1999旋转割草机 产品质量分等.
[27] 张展主编.实用机械传动设计手册.北京:科学技术出版社,1989.
[28] 徐灏主编.机械设计手册(1-5).北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[29] 王成兵,韩红卫.92GZX0.9A型旋转割草机.畜牧机械化,2004,2.
[30] 高志平.割草机刀片的初期磨损现象及分析.金属热处理,1994,6.
[31] Alan Hopkins. Grass its production and Environmental.Blackwell Sicence Ltd,2003,102-112.
[32] 张文静.牧草收获机械的现状、机遇及发展[J].农村牧区机械化,2001,1.
[33] 刘国胜,刘孝忱等.9GZX-2.5型旋转式割草机生产考核分析.农村牧区机械化,2000,1.
[34] 阿布地喀迪尔等.草原改良及牧草收获机械化技术推广效益显著.棉田机械化,2002,8(4)
[35] Dr. Kelly J. Bryant, Mr. Robert Seay. High Quality Hay: Cost of Baling. June 2002.
[36] 周忠旺.草坪割草机的设计与割草质量.林业机械与木工设备,2002,10.
[37] M. B. McGechan, G.Cooper.et. Journal of Aricultural engineering Research. Volume 75,Issue 3,March 2000,Pages 291-313.
[38] Karen McMahon. Hay making made easier. Farm Industry News.,May(1),2003.
[39] 扬永来.92GHB-1.8型割草机试验和效益分析.畜牧机械化,2003,2.
[40] The influence of tyros on the dynamic behaviour of lawn mower, L. Clijmans, H. Ramon, J. langenakens and J.DE Baerdemaeker.
[41] 温熙森,陈循等.机械系统建模与动态分析.北京:科学出版社,2004,8.
[42] 陈新等.机械结构动态设计理论方法及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[43] 沈继红,施久玉等.数学建模.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1996.
[44] 聂春燕.MATLAB SIMULINK在动态系统仿真中的应用.长春大学学报,2001,1.
[45] 武汉水利电力学院编.工程力学——运动学和动力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1985.
[46] 郭力,朱波等.21世纪机械科学的展望(上)——21世纪机械动力学展望.精密制造与自动化,2001,1.
[47] Ivanov V. K, Tsyb A. F. et. Case-control analysis of leukaemia among Chernobyl accident emergency workers residing in the Russian Federation,1986-1993.J.RADIOL.PROT.1997 17/3.
[48] 李晓雷,俞德孚等.机械振动基础.北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[49] Liangsheng Qu,Xiong Liu.et.A New Approach to Computer-aided Vibration Surveillance of Rotating Machinery.Int.J.Computer Applications in Technology,1989,(2).
[50] 陈怀琛编著.MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.