我国网络银行监管研究
|
摘要
以计算机为基础的信息技术革命以及国际互联网的广泛使用与发展，对金融领域产生了划时代的影响，诞生了20世纪银行业最具震撼力的创新—网络银行。网络银行通过网络把眼光瞄向全球，把世界上每个公民都作为自己潜在的客户去争取，使金融竞争突破国家界限，成为全球性竞争。网络银行从经营方式和管理理念上对传统银行业产生了巨大的冲击，也对传统的银行监管带来了巨大的挑战。
对我国来说，其自身的管理模式和风险管理能力尚存在着大量缺陷，网络银行的快速发展无疑对我国银行业来说是一个严峻的挑战。网络银行风险特性可使中国银行机构的风险管理能力因为信息安全技术的专业化和复杂性进一步降低，而金融监管当局如果不能及时调整对网络银行的监管方式和监管内容将威胁到金融体系的稳健运行。基于此，本文从网络银行监管理论分析出发，对我国网络银行所面临的风险状况，我国对网络银行进行监管的难点进行探讨。笔者通过对网络银行监管理论进行研究，介绍了网络银行的产生以及对应的银行监管原理和巴塞尔银行监管委员会对网络银行风险控制的规定。对我国网络银行监管所面临的法律、信息安全、业务发展、监管体制、和监管人才等困难做了详尽的分析；借鉴国际上相对成熟的美国、欧洲(代表国：英国)和中国香港地区对网络银行的监管经验，通过总结其监管体制和主要特征，得到对我国网络银行进行有效监管的启示；进一步构建与我国网络银行发展相匹配的有效监管体系，从调整监管体制、确认监管主体、完善监管方式和内容入手，分析网络银行风险内涵。重点通过定量与定性相结合的方法，对网络银行风险进行控制。并在建立有效监管模型基础上指出我国金融监管当局对发展网络银行监管需要通过技术、制度和管理三个层面采取对策，以保证我国网络银行健康、稳健的发展。
The revolution of information technology based on the computer as well as the wide-spread use of World Wide Web has engendered epoch-making influence in the financial field, and it brought the most convulsive innovation in the banking industry of the 20 century-Internet Banking. The internet banks aim at the whole globe; shoot for everyone in the world as their potential customer. Break through the national limit, they make the financial competition into global competition. The internet banks have brought immense impact to the traditional banking industry; they also have brought huge challenge to the supervision of the traditional banking industry.As to our country, the bank system's management mode and the risk management ability still remain great disadvantages, undoubtedly, the rapid development of the internet banks is an austere challenge to our banking system. The risky characteristic of the internet banks would make the ability of risk management of the Chinese bank framework recede for the specialization and complicacy of the information security technology. If the authorities of financial supervision fail to adjust the supervising methods and the contents, it will threaten the steady function of the financial system. Based on the above contents, this article started from the analysis of internet banking supervision, discussed the risks that our country's banks encountered and the difficulties of the banking system supervision. By researching the internet bank supervision theory, It introduced the appearance of the internet bank as well as the corresponding theory of banking supervision, and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision regulations of the risk control of internet bank. It elaborately analyzed the difficulties that the internet banking supervision faces, such as law, information security, business development, supervision system and supervision person. It referred to the supervision experience of more mature countries, such as USA, European Countries (Britain for example), and the Hong Kong special district which is familiar with our country's circs, through summarizing the supervising system and the main attributes, it gained the inspiration of effective supervision to the internet banks. To build up the supervising system which is fit for the development of our country's internet banks, from adjusting the supervising system, affirming the supervising director, consummating the supervising method, it analyzed the connotation of the
internet banks risks. This article emphasized the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, aimed to control the internet banks risks, and it based on the efficient supervision model, indicated that our country's financial supervision authorities should adopt countermeasures which are from three aspects of technology, institution and management to insure our country's internet banks develop healthily and steadily.
对我国来说，其自身的管理模式和风险管理能力尚存在着大量缺陷，网络银行的快速发展无疑对我国银行业来说是一个严峻的挑战。网络银行风险特性可使中国银行机构的风险管理能力因为信息安全技术的专业化和复杂性进一步降低，而金融监管当局如果不能及时调整对网络银行的监管方式和监管内容将威胁到金融体系的稳健运行。基于此，本文从网络银行监管理论分析出发，对我国网络银行所面临的风险状况，我国对网络银行进行监管的难点进行探讨。笔者通过对网络银行监管理论进行研究，介绍了网络银行的产生以及对应的银行监管原理和巴塞尔银行监管委员会对网络银行风险控制的规定。对我国网络银行监管所面临的法律、信息安全、业务发展、监管体制、和监管人才等困难做了详尽的分析；借鉴国际上相对成熟的美国、欧洲(代表国：英国)和中国香港地区对网络银行的监管经验，通过总结其监管体制和主要特征，得到对我国网络银行进行有效监管的启示；进一步构建与我国网络银行发展相匹配的有效监管体系，从调整监管体制、确认监管主体、完善监管方式和内容入手，分析网络银行风险内涵。重点通过定量与定性相结合的方法，对网络银行风险进行控制。并在建立有效监管模型基础上指出我国金融监管当局对发展网络银行监管需要通过技术、制度和管理三个层面采取对策，以保证我国网络银行健康、稳健的发展。
The revolution of information technology based on the computer as well as the wide-spread use of World Wide Web has engendered epoch-making influence in the financial field, and it brought the most convulsive innovation in the banking industry of the 20 century-Internet Banking. The internet banks aim at the whole globe; shoot for everyone in the world as their potential customer. Break through the national limit, they make the financial competition into global competition. The internet banks have brought immense impact to the traditional banking industry; they also have brought huge challenge to the supervision of the traditional banking industry.As to our country, the bank system's management mode and the risk management ability still remain great disadvantages, undoubtedly, the rapid development of the internet banks is an austere challenge to our banking system. The risky characteristic of the internet banks would make the ability of risk management of the Chinese bank framework recede for the specialization and complicacy of the information security technology. If the authorities of financial supervision fail to adjust the supervising methods and the contents, it will threaten the steady function of the financial system. Based on the above contents, this article started from the analysis of internet banking supervision, discussed the risks that our country's banks encountered and the difficulties of the banking system supervision. By researching the internet bank supervision theory, It introduced the appearance of the internet bank as well as the corresponding theory of banking supervision, and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision regulations of the risk control of internet bank. It elaborately analyzed the difficulties that the internet banking supervision faces, such as law, information security, business development, supervision system and supervision person. It referred to the supervision experience of more mature countries, such as USA, European Countries (Britain for example), and the Hong Kong special district which is familiar with our country's circs, through summarizing the supervising system and the main attributes, it gained the inspiration of effective supervision to the internet banks. To build up the supervising system which is fit for the development of our country's internet banks, from adjusting the supervising system, affirming the supervising director, consummating the supervising method, it analyzed the connotation of the
internet banks risks. This article emphasized the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, aimed to control the internet banks risks, and it based on the efficient supervision model, indicated that our country's financial supervision authorities should adopt countermeasures which are from three aspects of technology, institution and management to insure our country's internet banks develop healthily and steadily.
引文
[1] 谢康．网络银行．长春：长春出版社，2000
[2] 刘延焕．金融干部网上银行知识读本．北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[3] R·科斯等．财产权利与制度变迁．上海：三联书店，1991
[4] 李德．经济全球化中的银行监管研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[5] Brian welch.Elctronic Banking and Treasury Security -a Guide for Corporate and Financial Managers.New York::Woodhead Publishing, 1999
[6] OCC.The Internet and The National Bank Charter, Comptroller's Corporate Manual, Jan.2001
[7] 林平．银行危机监管论．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[8] 白钦先．金融监管的国际协调与合作．北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[9] 王华庆．网上银行风险监管原理与实务，北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[10] 李成．现代网络银行发展中的金融监管思考，当代经济科学，2002，(5)：41-46
[11] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Risk Management Principles for Electronic Banking,2001
[12] 尹龙．对我国网络银行发展与监管问题的研究．金融研究，2001，(1)：31-37
[13] 刘海平译．美国网上银行业务风险控制概要．国际金融研究，2000，(8)：71-76
[14] 潘攀．我国网络银行风险控制研究．金融与保险，2004，(4)：110-112
[15] 闫海．网络银行法律问题初探．研究生法学，2000，(4)：12-15
[16] JohnO. MaClain, L.Joseph Thomes, HosephB. Mazzola. Operations Management.Beijing: Renmin University of China Press,2001
[17] 胡建才．网络银行的风险及其防范．南方金融，2000，(4)：31-35
[18] Mcgraw Hill.Electronic Image Bank Human Sexuality.New York:McGraw-Hill Education, 1998
[19] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Electronic BankGroup Initiatives and White Papers,2000
[20] 张俏．走近外国网络银行．现代商业银行，2003，(7)：27-28
[21] 白钦先．发达国家金融监管比较研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[22] 周仲飞．银行监管案例精编．上海：上海财经大学出版社，2004
[23] 李德．国际网络银行的发展与监管．金融参考，2001年，(6)：41-44
[24] 谷立日．网上银行的发展及对我国网上银行业监管的思考．金融论坛，2001， (9): 17-20
[2
[25] Mary J. Cronin, "Banking and Finance on the Internet", N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998
[26] 童文俊．网上银行监管：国际经验与中国实践．中华财会网，2004
[27] 王镇强．香港网上银行现状及前景．国际金融研究，2000，(4)：61-66
[28] IMF, "Issues in Electronic Banking: An Overview", IMF policy discussion paper, 2002.3
[29] BIS, "The Supervision Of Cross-Border Banking", BIS paper, 1996.10
[30] 赵先信．银行内部模型和监管模型．上海：上海人民出版社，2004
[31] 陈建梁．银行业风险评估理论模型与实证．广东：广东人民出版社，2002
[32] 陈建华．金融监管有效性研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[33] 张成虎．发达国家金融监管信息系统的建设及其对我国的启示．金融研究，2002，(2)：50-56
[34] 汪锦丽．美国银行信息技术风险监管经验及借鉴．金融信息化技术2004．海口论坛，2004
[35] 朱孟楠，郭春松．我国银行业非现场监管存在的问题及改进建议．上海金融，2003，(6)：7-10
[36] Roge. W. Ferguson. Jr: Electronic Commerce, Banking and Payments, www.federalreserve.gov
[37] 李成，袁博．网络银行风险及其金融监管防范．西安交通大学学报，2003，(7)：12-15
[38] 李少勇．网络银行的安全与风险控制．中国金融电脑，1999，(5)：4-7
[39] 朱军林．网络银行的基本操作、风险控制和监管．南方金融，2000，(8)：35-38
[40] 夏令武．我国网上银行的发展与监管．金融与保险，2003，(6)：127-129
[41] 张强．论网络银行发展与金融监管的新问题．金融与保险，2001，(11)：21-26
[42] 刘仁伍，吴竞择．国际金融监管前沿问题．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[43] 唐旭等．金融理论前沿课题．北京：中国金融出版社，1999
[44] 唐双宁．商业银行现场检查方法与技巧．北京：中国社会科学出版社2003
[45] 周道许．现代金融监管体制研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2000
[2] 刘延焕．金融干部网上银行知识读本．北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[3] R·科斯等．财产权利与制度变迁．上海：三联书店，1991
[4] 李德．经济全球化中的银行监管研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[5] Brian welch.Elctronic Banking and Treasury Security -a Guide for Corporate and Financial Managers.New York::Woodhead Publishing, 1999
[6] OCC.The Internet and The National Bank Charter, Comptroller's Corporate Manual, Jan.2001
[7] 林平．银行危机监管论．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[8] 白钦先．金融监管的国际协调与合作．北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[9] 王华庆．网上银行风险监管原理与实务，北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[10] 李成．现代网络银行发展中的金融监管思考，当代经济科学，2002，(5)：41-46
[11] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Risk Management Principles for Electronic Banking,2001
[12] 尹龙．对我国网络银行发展与监管问题的研究．金融研究，2001，(1)：31-37
[13] 刘海平译．美国网上银行业务风险控制概要．国际金融研究，2000，(8)：71-76
[14] 潘攀．我国网络银行风险控制研究．金融与保险，2004，(4)：110-112
[15] 闫海．网络银行法律问题初探．研究生法学，2000，(4)：12-15
[16] JohnO. MaClain, L.Joseph Thomes, HosephB. Mazzola. Operations Management.Beijing: Renmin University of China Press,2001
[17] 胡建才．网络银行的风险及其防范．南方金融，2000，(4)：31-35
[18] Mcgraw Hill.Electronic Image Bank Human Sexuality.New York:McGraw-Hill Education, 1998
[19] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Electronic BankGroup Initiatives and White Papers,2000
[20] 张俏．走近外国网络银行．现代商业银行，2003，(7)：27-28
[21] 白钦先．发达国家金融监管比较研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2003
[22] 周仲飞．银行监管案例精编．上海：上海财经大学出版社，2004
[23] 李德．国际网络银行的发展与监管．金融参考，2001年，(6)：41-44
[24] 谷立日．网上银行的发展及对我国网上银行业监管的思考．金融论坛，2001， (9): 17-20
[2
[25] Mary J. Cronin, "Banking and Finance on the Internet", N.Y., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998
[26] 童文俊．网上银行监管：国际经验与中国实践．中华财会网，2004
[27] 王镇强．香港网上银行现状及前景．国际金融研究，2000，(4)：61-66
[28] IMF, "Issues in Electronic Banking: An Overview", IMF policy discussion paper, 2002.3
[29] BIS, "The Supervision Of Cross-Border Banking", BIS paper, 1996.10
[30] 赵先信．银行内部模型和监管模型．上海：上海人民出版社，2004
[31] 陈建梁．银行业风险评估理论模型与实证．广东：广东人民出版社，2002
[32] 陈建华．金融监管有效性研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[33] 张成虎．发达国家金融监管信息系统的建设及其对我国的启示．金融研究，2002，(2)：50-56
[34] 汪锦丽．美国银行信息技术风险监管经验及借鉴．金融信息化技术2004．海口论坛，2004
[35] 朱孟楠，郭春松．我国银行业非现场监管存在的问题及改进建议．上海金融，2003，(6)：7-10
[36] Roge. W. Ferguson. Jr: Electronic Commerce, Banking and Payments, www.federalreserve.gov
[37] 李成，袁博．网络银行风险及其金融监管防范．西安交通大学学报，2003，(7)：12-15
[38] 李少勇．网络银行的安全与风险控制．中国金融电脑，1999，(5)：4-7
[39] 朱军林．网络银行的基本操作、风险控制和监管．南方金融，2000，(8)：35-38
[40] 夏令武．我国网上银行的发展与监管．金融与保险，2003，(6)：127-129
[41] 张强．论网络银行发展与金融监管的新问题．金融与保险，2001，(11)：21-26
[42] 刘仁伍，吴竞择．国际金融监管前沿问题．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[43] 唐旭等．金融理论前沿课题．北京：中国金融出版社，1999
[44] 唐双宁．商业银行现场检查方法与技巧．北京：中国社会科学出版社2003
[45] 周道许．现代金融监管体制研究．北京：中国金融出版社，2000