射频/微波收发系统的研究
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摘要
通信是推动人类社会文明、进步与发展的巨大动力，通信的种类包括有线通信，无线通信，微波通信，光网络通信等多种。在通信技术迅猛发展的今天，微波通信己成为不可或缺的一部分。
众多的通信结构中，直接射频技术，也称为零中频技术，是一种新兴的结构趋势。它仅存在一级变频，省去了传统结构中很多复杂部分的设计，比如镜像滤波器、声表面滤波器等等。因而，此种结构的收发系统与现在所使用的一些无线发射机相比，体积小、成本低、外围电路简单，工作频带宽，具有良好的幅度平衡和极少的相位失真，应用前景极为广泛。
本文设计的射频／微波收发系统方案中就采用了零中频结构，将要发射的基带信号可直接调制为射频信号，相应地，接收信号也可被直接解调为原始信号。同时，方案中还采用了正交调制和集成锁相环技术，使得设计的收发系统更加集成化，小巧化，且抗干扰性能较强。
下面是本文在课题“射频／微波收发系统的研究”中所完成的工作：
(1)介绍了微波通信技术及射频技术的发展概况和发展趋势。
(2)介绍了微波通信收发信机的常用结构，分析了相关的通信链路，并研究了收发系统的前端技术指标。
(3)介绍了PSK和QAM等调制技术，分析了锁相环的基本原理和实现。
(4)阐述了PCB设计过程，并讨论了信号完整性等问题。
(5)给出了本课题研制的射频／微波通信收发系统的总体设计方案。其中发射端用ADI公司的AD8349芯片作为正交调制芯片，AD8132作为基带信号的差分放大输入，ADF4360-2和Philips公司的P89LPC932用以产生2GHz的载频信号；接收端用SP1925芯片作为正交解调芯片，SP5769和P89LPC932用以从接收信号中提取2GHz的本振信号。
Communication is the tremendous power that drives the civilization, advancement and development of society. Communication has a lot of kinds such as wire communication, wireless communication, microwave communication, optical-network communication . Today , with the rapid development of tele-communication technologies , microwave communication becomes the indispensable part to our life.
In the field of today's wireless communication, a new trend is the technology of direct RF modulation. In this construct, there has few complicated parts for once convert, such as image frequency filter and surface sound filter, and so on. Comparing with other wireless transmitter, it is small and low-cost ,and its circuit design is simple. Besides, it has wideband operating frequency, excellent amplitude balance and low phase error, so the future for its application is bright.
The project about RF/microwave transmitter system adopts this configuration. In this system, baseband signal can be modulated into RF signal directly, accordingly, the signal received can be demodulated into baseband signal too. Meanwhile, the scheme also adopts the technologies about quadrature convert and integrated PLL in order to more integrated, smaller and stronger capability of anti-jamming.
The following is my work for the project:
(1) Introducing the general situation and developing trend of microwave communication technologies and RF technologies.
(2) Introducing some configurations in the transmitter systems of microwave communication, analyzing the communication link, and researching standards in front end.
(3) Researching the common and important modulation and demodulation technologies of microwave communication, mainly including PSK and QAM. Analyzing the principle and the realization of PPL.
(4) Expounding the process of PCB design and the signal integrality.
(5) Presenting the whole design scheme of the RF/microwave transmitter system. Using the AD8349 of ADI which is a quadrature modulator, the AD8132 of ADI which can supply differential drive singal of baseband, the ADF4360-2 of ADI and the P89LPC932 of Philips which supply the carrier signal; Accordingly, using the SP1925 of MITEL which is a quadrature demodulator, the SP5769 of ZARLINK and the P89LPC932 which supply the local oscillating signal.
众多的通信结构中，直接射频技术，也称为零中频技术，是一种新兴的结构趋势。它仅存在一级变频，省去了传统结构中很多复杂部分的设计，比如镜像滤波器、声表面滤波器等等。因而，此种结构的收发系统与现在所使用的一些无线发射机相比，体积小、成本低、外围电路简单，工作频带宽，具有良好的幅度平衡和极少的相位失真，应用前景极为广泛。
本文设计的射频／微波收发系统方案中就采用了零中频结构，将要发射的基带信号可直接调制为射频信号，相应地，接收信号也可被直接解调为原始信号。同时，方案中还采用了正交调制和集成锁相环技术，使得设计的收发系统更加集成化，小巧化，且抗干扰性能较强。
下面是本文在课题“射频／微波收发系统的研究”中所完成的工作：
(1)介绍了微波通信技术及射频技术的发展概况和发展趋势。
(2)介绍了微波通信收发信机的常用结构，分析了相关的通信链路，并研究了收发系统的前端技术指标。
(3)介绍了PSK和QAM等调制技术，分析了锁相环的基本原理和实现。
(4)阐述了PCB设计过程，并讨论了信号完整性等问题。
(5)给出了本课题研制的射频／微波通信收发系统的总体设计方案。其中发射端用ADI公司的AD8349芯片作为正交调制芯片，AD8132作为基带信号的差分放大输入，ADF4360-2和Philips公司的P89LPC932用以产生2GHz的载频信号；接收端用SP1925芯片作为正交解调芯片，SP5769和P89LPC932用以从接收信号中提取2GHz的本振信号。
Communication is the tremendous power that drives the civilization, advancement and development of society. Communication has a lot of kinds such as wire communication, wireless communication, microwave communication, optical-network communication . Today , with the rapid development of tele-communication technologies , microwave communication becomes the indispensable part to our life.
In the field of today's wireless communication, a new trend is the technology of direct RF modulation. In this construct, there has few complicated parts for once convert, such as image frequency filter and surface sound filter, and so on. Comparing with other wireless transmitter, it is small and low-cost ,and its circuit design is simple. Besides, it has wideband operating frequency, excellent amplitude balance and low phase error, so the future for its application is bright.
The project about RF/microwave transmitter system adopts this configuration. In this system, baseband signal can be modulated into RF signal directly, accordingly, the signal received can be demodulated into baseband signal too. Meanwhile, the scheme also adopts the technologies about quadrature convert and integrated PLL in order to more integrated, smaller and stronger capability of anti-jamming.
The following is my work for the project:
(1) Introducing the general situation and developing trend of microwave communication technologies and RF technologies.
(2) Introducing some configurations in the transmitter systems of microwave communication, analyzing the communication link, and researching standards in front end.
(3) Researching the common and important modulation and demodulation technologies of microwave communication, mainly including PSK and QAM. Analyzing the principle and the realization of PPL.
(4) Expounding the process of PCB design and the signal integrality.
(5) Presenting the whole design scheme of the RF/microwave transmitter system. Using the AD8349 of ADI which is a quadrature modulator, the AD8132 of ADI which can supply differential drive singal of baseband, the ADF4360-2 of ADI and the P89LPC932 of Philips which supply the carrier signal; Accordingly, using the SP1925 of MITEL which is a quadrature demodulator, the SP5769 of ZARLINK and the P89LPC932 which supply the local oscillating signal.
引文
[1] 曹志刚，钱亚生编著．现代通信原理．北京．清华大学出版社．1992．
[2] 王立宁，乐光新，詹菲编著．MATLAB与通信仿真．北京．人民邮电出版社．2001．
[3] Malkamaki, E. M. Comparison of spectrum efficiencies of 4- and 16-QAM in mobile cellular environment. Telecommunications, 1991. Third IEE Conference on, 17-20 Mar 1991. pp. 35-40
[4] 蔡涛，李旭，杜振民译．无线通信原理与应用．北京．电子工业出版社．1999，11．
[5] 陈常嘉，靳海云等．线性码编码的MSK调制．通信学报．1989，3．
[6] 胡穗延，林福华．差分MSK的误码性能．通信学报．1990，1．
[7] K. J. Kerpez. A Comparison of QAM and VSB for Hybrid Fiber/Coax Digital Transmission. IEEE Trans. Broadcasting, Vol.41, No. 1, March 1995, pp.9-16.
[8] 王士林等著．现代数字调制技术．北京．人民邮电出版社．1987．
[9] 张贤达，保铮编著．通信信号处理．北京．国防工业出版社．2000．
[10] 张厥盛，郑继禹，万心平编著．锁相技术．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社．1994．
[11] 赫崇骏，韩永宁，袁乃昌等编著．微波电路．长沙．国防科技大学出版社．1999．
[12] Carl J. Weisman著. The Essential Guide to RF and Wireless. 2003.
[13] 廖承恩编著．微波技术基础．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社．1994．
[14] 彭月平，殷三元，张伯虎．AD8345正交调制器及其应用．国外电子元器件．2002年第5期．
[15] 屈翠香，李刚．低成本高速差动放大器AD8132．国外电子元器件．2001年第11期．
[16] ADI: RF PLL Frequency Synthesizers ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113. Analog Devices, Inc. 2001.
[17] MAXIM Monolithic Voltage-Controlled Oscillators MAX2622/MAX2623/ MAX2624.19-1528.
[18] 肖文伟．信号完整性分析的高速系统一体化设计．通信技术．2003：154～156．
[19] Howard. Johnson, Martin. Graham. High Speed Digital Design: Handbook of BlackMagic. PrenticeHall. 1993:369～370.
[20] YChen, ZChen. Optimum Placement of Decoupling Package sand Printed Circuit Boardsunder the Guidance of elctromagnetic Field Simulation. The 46th Electronic Components and Technology Conference. 1996: 756～760.
[21] Theodore S．Rappaport．Wireless Communications Principle and Practice．清华大学出版社，1999：87～92
[22] 方旭明，何蓉．短距离无线与移动通信网络．人民邮电出版社，2004：203～206．
[23] Larry Smith. Power Distribution System Design Methodology and Capacitor Selection for Modem CMOS Technology. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging. 1999, 12(8):284-291.
[24] AD8132 Data Sheet.Analog Device Inc.http://www.analog.com.
[25] AD8349 Data Sheet.Analog Device Inc.http://www.analog.com.
[26] AD4360-2 Data Sheet.Analog Device Inc.http://www.analog.com.
[27] SL1925 Data Sheet.Mitel Semiconductor Inc.http://www.mitel.com.
[28] SP5769 Data Sheet.Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.http://www.zarlink.com.
[29] BB535 Data Sheet.Infineon Technologies AG.http://www.inineon.com.
[30] P89LPC932 Data Sheet．广州周立功单片机发展有限公司．http://www.zlgmcu.com.
[2] 王立宁，乐光新，詹菲编著．MATLAB与通信仿真．北京．人民邮电出版社．2001．
[3] Malkamaki, E. M. Comparison of spectrum efficiencies of 4- and 16-QAM in mobile cellular environment. Telecommunications, 1991. Third IEE Conference on, 17-20 Mar 1991. pp. 35-40
[4] 蔡涛，李旭，杜振民译．无线通信原理与应用．北京．电子工业出版社．1999，11．
[5] 陈常嘉，靳海云等．线性码编码的MSK调制．通信学报．1989，3．
[6] 胡穗延，林福华．差分MSK的误码性能．通信学报．1990，1．
[7] K. J. Kerpez. A Comparison of QAM and VSB for Hybrid Fiber/Coax Digital Transmission. IEEE Trans. Broadcasting, Vol.41, No. 1, March 1995, pp.9-16.
[8] 王士林等著．现代数字调制技术．北京．人民邮电出版社．1987．
[9] 张贤达，保铮编著．通信信号处理．北京．国防工业出版社．2000．
[10] 张厥盛，郑继禹，万心平编著．锁相技术．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社．1994．
[11] 赫崇骏，韩永宁，袁乃昌等编著．微波电路．长沙．国防科技大学出版社．1999．
[12] Carl J. Weisman著. The Essential Guide to RF and Wireless. 2003.
[13] 廖承恩编著．微波技术基础．西安．西安电子科技大学出版社．1994．
[14] 彭月平，殷三元，张伯虎．AD8345正交调制器及其应用．国外电子元器件．2002年第5期．
[15] 屈翠香，李刚．低成本高速差动放大器AD8132．国外电子元器件．2001年第11期．
[16] ADI: RF PLL Frequency Synthesizers ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113. Analog Devices, Inc. 2001.
[17] MAXIM Monolithic Voltage-Controlled Oscillators MAX2622/MAX2623/ MAX2624.19-1528.
[18] 肖文伟．信号完整性分析的高速系统一体化设计．通信技术．2003：154～156．
[19] Howard. Johnson, Martin. Graham. High Speed Digital Design: Handbook of BlackMagic. PrenticeHall. 1993:369～370.
[20] YChen, ZChen. Optimum Placement of Decoupling Package sand Printed Circuit Boardsunder the Guidance of elctromagnetic Field Simulation. The 46th Electronic Components and Technology Conference. 1996: 756～760.
[21] Theodore S．Rappaport．Wireless Communications Principle and Practice．清华大学出版社，1999：87～92
[22] 方旭明，何蓉．短距离无线与移动通信网络．人民邮电出版社，2004：203～206．
[23] Larry Smith. Power Distribution System Design Methodology and Capacitor Selection for Modem CMOS Technology. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging. 1999, 12(8):284-291.
[24] AD8132 Data Sheet.Analog Device Inc.http://www.analog.com.
[25] AD8349 Data Sheet.Analog Device Inc.http://www.analog.com.
[26] AD4360-2 Data Sheet.Analog Device Inc.http://www.analog.com.
[27] SL1925 Data Sheet.Mitel Semiconductor Inc.http://www.mitel.com.
[28] SP5769 Data Sheet.Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.http://www.zarlink.com.
[29] BB535 Data Sheet.Infineon Technologies AG.http://www.inineon.com.
[30] P89LPC932 Data Sheet．广州周立功单片机发展有限公司．http://www.zlgmcu.com.