多路数字视频传输系统的研究与设计
摘要
随着科技的不断发展，视频传输系统因具有实时、准确、安全、方便等特点已成为现代工业管理中必不可少的重要组成部分。视频传输系统的传输容量也由最初的单路向多路传输方向发展，与此同时，视频传输方式也由模拟向数字方向转变。因此，对多路数字视频传输系统的研究显得尤为重要。
本文主要对光纤传输系统的进行了介绍，提出了实现其传输功能设备的具体解决方案。系统采用二次复用的基本思想，首先将八路模拟视频信号通过ADC转换为数字信号，再用双四选一数据选择器对每路的八位数字视频信号进行码速率调整，最后利用TLK1521芯片对调整后的信号进行并／串转换，采用PECL差分交流耦合的连接方式耦合到单根光纤上进行传输。其中的时序控制电路和数据选择器由ALTERA公司的CPLD芯片来实现。接收是发送的逆过程，分别经过光电转换，串／并转换，分路器解复用，D／A转换，最后经过缓冲电路对视频信号进行还原。整个系统将数字化技术和CPLD技术的巧妙的结合起来，从而实现了在一根光纤上同时传输八路视频信号。目前，已经有部分厂商生产多路数字视频传输系统，所以如何用思路简单、成本低廉的方法完成该系统是本课题的一个重点。本文完成了系统方案的论证和硬件电路的设计工作，主要应用了模／数、数／模转换技术，信号的同步复接技术，并／串、串／并转换技术，编／解码技术，锁相环(PLL)技术和光纤传输等技术。
由于非压缩多路数字视频光纤传输系统采用结构模块化设计，使设备可靠灵活；自动兼容PAL、NTSC、SECAM视频制式。此外，所有的光、电接口均符合国际标准。实验证明，该系统工作稳定，适用于远程监控及安防系统等工作环境。
With the development of science technology, video transmission system has become a necessary and significant component in modern industry management because it has the characteristic of real time, accuracy, safety and convenience. Transmission capacity is developed from initial single video to multi-channel transmission in this system, at the same time; the mode of video transmission is changed from simulation to digital direction. Therefore, it is very important to study multi-channel digital video transmission system.
This paper mainly introduces transmission system and provides new ways to solve specific problems for the equipment with transmission function. Basic thought for system design is that 8 video simulation signals are transformed into digital signals by Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters and divided into two groups, then, transformed each of group with 4 video signals to 1 high speed signal, at last, the parallel digital signals were converted a serial signal and coupled to single fiber to send by making use of difference Alternating Current (AC) coupled. The sequential control circuit and data selectors were realized by a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) chip which is produced by Altera Corporation. Receiving is the converse of sending, reversion of video signal is carried out by photoelectric conversion, serial to parallel conversion, demultiplexing with splitter, Digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion and buffer circuit separately. Digital technology and CPLD technology are combined skillfully in the whole system, so as to transferring eight channels of video signal over a single optical fiber has been realized. At present, a few manufacturers have produced multi-channel digital video transmission system, so, how to complete the system by making use of simple thought and low cost method is an emphasis in this paper. This paper emphasizes on the design of hardware circuit and the argumentation of system scheme and, too. The technologies of signals' synchronous multiplexing, A/D conversion, D/A conversion, parallel-to-serial conversion, serial-to-parallel conversion, coding and decoding, phase-locked loop and optical fiber transmission are used in this solution.
The uncompressed multi-channel digital video transmission system adopts structure modular design which enable device to work credibility and agility and automatically compatible with PAL, NTSC and SECAM video standards. Furthermore, all of its optical and electrical interfaces agree with the international standards. The experiments show that the system can work steadily and be suitable for working environment of remote monitoring and security guard system, and so on.
本文主要对光纤传输系统的进行了介绍，提出了实现其传输功能设备的具体解决方案。系统采用二次复用的基本思想，首先将八路模拟视频信号通过ADC转换为数字信号，再用双四选一数据选择器对每路的八位数字视频信号进行码速率调整，最后利用TLK1521芯片对调整后的信号进行并／串转换，采用PECL差分交流耦合的连接方式耦合到单根光纤上进行传输。其中的时序控制电路和数据选择器由ALTERA公司的CPLD芯片来实现。接收是发送的逆过程，分别经过光电转换，串／并转换，分路器解复用，D／A转换，最后经过缓冲电路对视频信号进行还原。整个系统将数字化技术和CPLD技术的巧妙的结合起来，从而实现了在一根光纤上同时传输八路视频信号。目前，已经有部分厂商生产多路数字视频传输系统，所以如何用思路简单、成本低廉的方法完成该系统是本课题的一个重点。本文完成了系统方案的论证和硬件电路的设计工作，主要应用了模／数、数／模转换技术，信号的同步复接技术，并／串、串／并转换技术，编／解码技术，锁相环(PLL)技术和光纤传输等技术。
由于非压缩多路数字视频光纤传输系统采用结构模块化设计，使设备可靠灵活；自动兼容PAL、NTSC、SECAM视频制式。此外，所有的光、电接口均符合国际标准。实验证明，该系统工作稳定，适用于远程监控及安防系统等工作环境。
With the development of science technology, video transmission system has become a necessary and significant component in modern industry management because it has the characteristic of real time, accuracy, safety and convenience. Transmission capacity is developed from initial single video to multi-channel transmission in this system, at the same time; the mode of video transmission is changed from simulation to digital direction. Therefore, it is very important to study multi-channel digital video transmission system.
This paper mainly introduces transmission system and provides new ways to solve specific problems for the equipment with transmission function. Basic thought for system design is that 8 video simulation signals are transformed into digital signals by Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters and divided into two groups, then, transformed each of group with 4 video signals to 1 high speed signal, at last, the parallel digital signals were converted a serial signal and coupled to single fiber to send by making use of difference Alternating Current (AC) coupled. The sequential control circuit and data selectors were realized by a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) chip which is produced by Altera Corporation. Receiving is the converse of sending, reversion of video signal is carried out by photoelectric conversion, serial to parallel conversion, demultiplexing with splitter, Digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion and buffer circuit separately. Digital technology and CPLD technology are combined skillfully in the whole system, so as to transferring eight channels of video signal over a single optical fiber has been realized. At present, a few manufacturers have produced multi-channel digital video transmission system, so, how to complete the system by making use of simple thought and low cost method is an emphasis in this paper. This paper emphasizes on the design of hardware circuit and the argumentation of system scheme and, too. The technologies of signals' synchronous multiplexing, A/D conversion, D/A conversion, parallel-to-serial conversion, serial-to-parallel conversion, coding and decoding, phase-locked loop and optical fiber transmission are used in this solution.
The uncompressed multi-channel digital video transmission system adopts structure modular design which enable device to work credibility and agility and automatically compatible with PAL, NTSC and SECAM video standards. Furthermore, all of its optical and electrical interfaces agree with the international standards. The experiments show that the system can work steadily and be suitable for working environment of remote monitoring and security guard system, and so on.
引文
[1] 何小海．图像通信．西安：电子科技大学出版社，2005．
[2] 刘增基，周洋溢，胡辽林等．光纤通信．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[3] 吴翼平．现代光纤通信技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2004．
[4] 王延恒，王黎明．光纤通信系统与光纤网．天津：天津大学出版社，2007．
[5] 赵坚勇．电视原理与接收技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2007．
[6] Norio Kasima. Time Compression Multiplex Transmission System Using a 1.3~(μm) Semiconductor Laser as a Transmitter and a Receiver, Transactions on Communications. IEEE. 1992, 40 (3): 584-590.
[7] Bunworasate, U.; Muranaka, T.; Aoki, T. et al. VTDM: a variable bit rate TDM switch architecture for video stream. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. 1999. vol 2, 1999. page(s): 1423-1427
[8] 林达权．数字光纤通信设备(PHD部分)．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998．
[9] 余兆明，余智．数字视传输与组网．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[10] 王华．高品质数字视频光纤传输技术研究：(硕士学位论文)．西安：中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所．2004．
[11] 林如俭．光纤电视传输技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．
[12] Loguinov, D.,Radha, H. Video receiver based real-time estimation of channel capacity. Image Processing. 2002, 213 (3): 24-28.
[13] 黄仁欣．单片机原理及应用技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2005．
[14] 叶敦范，王槐斌，刘建萍．电路与电子技术．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2005．
[15] 李圆．基于Q2403A的单片机短消息收发系统．电子设计应用．2007，11(38)：123-125．
[16] 王毓银．数字电路逻辑设计(第二版)．北京：高等教育出版社，2006．
[17] Eilers C, Sgrignoli G. Digital television transmission parameters-analysis and discussion. Broadcasting. 1999, 45(4):365-385.
[18] 任爱锋，初秀琴，常存等．基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004．
[19] 杜玉远，李景华．数字系统设计实验教程．沈阳：东北大学出版社，2004．
[20] Texas Instruments Inc. TLK1521 500 Mbps to 1.3Gbps Transceiver Datasheet [EB/OL], http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tlk1521.htm1. 2007-7-17
[21] Asada, Hideyuki Yamada, Wakashi Rabou. Optical fiber digital transmission of multiplexed video and audio signals suitable for multimedia applications. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 1998,44(2):273-279.
[22] 雷雪梅，李树华．基于JTAG标准的在系统编程下载系统接口电路的设计．内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，34(6)：689-692．
[23] 樊昌信，詹道庸，徐炳祥等．通信原理．北京：国防工业出版社，1995．
[24] 章平．高速串行数据收发器CY78923／933及应用．电子技术应用．2001，6(26)：76-78．
[25] 任晓丽．智能交通中电视监控系统传输设备的实现与改进：(硕士学位论文)．天津：天津大学．2005．
[26] Bill Stutz，姚玉坤．视频信号的箝位、偏置和交流耦合．电子设计应用，2004．5(45)：111-113．
[27] T. Takashima, K. Sata, M. Tachigori et al. Optical Transmitter and Receiver Modules for 2.4Gbps Filter Optic Communication System. IEEE NEC Technology. 1997,51 (4): 9-14.
[28] MAXIM Integrated Products. Introduction to LVDS, PECL and CML. Electronic Engineering Times. 2000.
[29] 及燕丽，王友村，沈其聪等．现代通信系统．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．
[30] Way, W. I. Long distance digital subcarrier muttiplexed lightwave systems. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1999, 4(30):1214-1218.
[31] 殷爱菡，展爱云，赵明镜等．光收发一体模块的研究．江西科学．2004，22(2)：76-83．
[32] 王幸之．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京航空航天大学出版社，2000．
[33] 胡在华，彭楚武，郭上华．基于Protel99 se的PCB在线修改及若干技巧．微型机与应用．2002，7(7)：21-23．
[34] 李刚强，田斌，易克初．FPGA设计中关键问题的研究．电子技术应用．2003，6(24)：68-71．
[2] 刘增基，周洋溢，胡辽林等．光纤通信．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[3] 吴翼平．现代光纤通信技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2004．
[4] 王延恒，王黎明．光纤通信系统与光纤网．天津：天津大学出版社，2007．
[5] 赵坚勇．电视原理与接收技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2007．
[6] Norio Kasima. Time Compression Multiplex Transmission System Using a 1.3~(μm) Semiconductor Laser as a Transmitter and a Receiver, Transactions on Communications. IEEE. 1992, 40 (3): 584-590.
[7] Bunworasate, U.; Muranaka, T.; Aoki, T. et al. VTDM: a variable bit rate TDM switch architecture for video stream. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. 1999. vol 2, 1999. page(s): 1423-1427
[8] 林达权．数字光纤通信设备(PHD部分)．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998．
[9] 余兆明，余智．数字视传输与组网．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[10] 王华．高品质数字视频光纤传输技术研究：(硕士学位论文)．西安：中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所．2004．
[11] 林如俭．光纤电视传输技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．
[12] Loguinov, D.,Radha, H. Video receiver based real-time estimation of channel capacity. Image Processing. 2002, 213 (3): 24-28.
[13] 黄仁欣．单片机原理及应用技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2005．
[14] 叶敦范，王槐斌，刘建萍．电路与电子技术．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2005．
[15] 李圆．基于Q2403A的单片机短消息收发系统．电子设计应用．2007，11(38)：123-125．
[16] 王毓银．数字电路逻辑设计(第二版)．北京：高等教育出版社，2006．
[17] Eilers C, Sgrignoli G. Digital television transmission parameters-analysis and discussion. Broadcasting. 1999, 45(4):365-385.
[18] 任爱锋，初秀琴，常存等．基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004．
[19] 杜玉远，李景华．数字系统设计实验教程．沈阳：东北大学出版社，2004．
[20] Texas Instruments Inc. TLK1521 500 Mbps to 1.3Gbps Transceiver Datasheet [EB/OL], http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tlk1521.htm1. 2007-7-17
[21] Asada, Hideyuki Yamada, Wakashi Rabou. Optical fiber digital transmission of multiplexed video and audio signals suitable for multimedia applications. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 1998,44(2):273-279.
[22] 雷雪梅，李树华．基于JTAG标准的在系统编程下载系统接口电路的设计．内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，34(6)：689-692．
[23] 樊昌信，詹道庸，徐炳祥等．通信原理．北京：国防工业出版社，1995．
[24] 章平．高速串行数据收发器CY78923／933及应用．电子技术应用．2001，6(26)：76-78．
[25] 任晓丽．智能交通中电视监控系统传输设备的实现与改进：(硕士学位论文)．天津：天津大学．2005．
[26] Bill Stutz，姚玉坤．视频信号的箝位、偏置和交流耦合．电子设计应用，2004．5(45)：111-113．
[27] T. Takashima, K. Sata, M. Tachigori et al. Optical Transmitter and Receiver Modules for 2.4Gbps Filter Optic Communication System. IEEE NEC Technology. 1997,51 (4): 9-14.
[28] MAXIM Integrated Products. Introduction to LVDS, PECL and CML. Electronic Engineering Times. 2000.
[29] 及燕丽，王友村，沈其聪等．现代通信系统．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．
[30] Way, W. I. Long distance digital subcarrier muttiplexed lightwave systems. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1999, 4(30):1214-1218.
[31] 殷爱菡，展爱云，赵明镜等．光收发一体模块的研究．江西科学．2004，22(2)：76-83．
[32] 王幸之．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京航空航天大学出版社，2000．
[33] 胡在华，彭楚武，郭上华．基于Protel99 se的PCB在线修改及若干技巧．微型机与应用．2002，7(7)：21-23．
[34] 李刚强，田斌，易克初．FPGA设计中关键问题的研究．电子技术应用．2003，6(24)：68-71．