HDMI接口在音视频接收系统中的设计与开发
摘要
随着各种数字显示终端的日益普及,多种数字传输接口标准相继推出,其中高清多媒体接口HDMI以其小巧的外形,高速的传输速率,以及在一根传输缆线上可同时传输音频和视频信号的优势而倍受追捧。另外,HDMI还可搭配高频宽数字内容保护HDCP以防止具著作权的影音内容遭到未经授权的复制。基于以上诸多优点,在数字音视频系统上研究和设计高清多媒体接口应用方案具有重大意义。本文主要以HDMI应用方案为分析和研究的主要对象,LCD液晶屏为音视频接收系统的显示终端。主要内容包括以下几个方面;
(1)介绍了本文的研究背景,HDMI的主要特点,目前的HDMI标准的发展与应用现状。
(2)阐述了HDMI接口通信的基本原理,在设计中选择晶翰公司的CAT6011作为HDMI接收解码处理芯片,分析了CAT6011的功能模块和视频音频处理流程以及芯片所集成的自适应均衡器,针对HDMI接口实现热插热拔,I~2C上拉电阻的选择,ESD静电保护以及音频的D/A转换提出了参考的硬件设计,并给出CAT6011芯片,D/A转换芯片,TMDS传输线及ESD电容补偿的布线参考建议。
(3)给出了CAT6011的信号接收处理的基本流程图。讨论了I~2C信号线的读写函数和CAT6011的初始化基本程序。对中断控制,视频信号处理两个主循环的每个步骤的作用做出详细分析。论述了由软件控制的HDCP验证机制和加密过程。介绍了即插即用技术的标准和EDID标准规范。
(4)基于软硬件的设计,将HDMI应用方案与实际成熟的音视频接收系统相结合,提出了两套方案。这两套方案分别以LOCⅡ和UOCⅢ作为控制及视频处理多功能主芯片。分析和比较了这两套方案的优缺点,应用范围和推广状况。对于多路HDMI输入提出了以CAT6341为HDMI开关切换芯片的三路HDMI输入复用的方案。
(5)最后给出了HDMI接收系统的兼容性测试规范,分析了新的HDMI1.3版本协议在视频接收系统的研究和设计前景。
本文所提出的带HDMI接口的音视频接收系统参加了2007年8月柏林消费电子展,现在已经大批量生产并出口欧洲。HDMI在音视频接收系统上的成功应用为将来公司对于HDMI1.3版本的设计研究奠定了基础。
Along with the daily popularization of Digital Display Terminal,several Digital Transmission Interface standards have been launched.Among them,the High Definition Multimedia Interface,also known as HDMI is highly recognized due to its compact outlook,high transmission speed,and it capability of transmitting the A/V signals simultaneously on a single transmission line.Besides,HDMI can also work with High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection(HDCP)in order to avoid the unauthorized duplication of the audio/video that has copyrights.Due to the above specifications,the research and design of digital audio/video receiver system plays an important role in the application of HDMI.The Liquid Crystal Display as the display terminal for audio/video receiver system,and the HDMI application is researched and developed in this paper.Primary coverage includes next several aspects;
Firstly,the research background,the main characteristics of HDMI,as well as the development of standard applications of HDMI are introduced.
Secondly,the basic principles of the HDMI communications are explained. CAT6011 from Chip Advanced Technology Company is chosen as the HDMI receiver decoding chip in the design.The function block of CAT6011 and the video/audio processing flow as well as the auto-adapted equalizer which the chip integrated have been analyzed.The hardware designs for hot-plug function of HDMI,the choice of I2C wire's resistance,the ESD protection as well as the audio D/A transformation are proposed for references.The layout of the CAT6011 chip,the D/A transformation chip, the TMDS transmission line and the ESD protection have also been provided in this part.
Thirdly,the basic flow-chart of CAT6011 is given.The two procedures for read -write variables on I~2C signal wire and the basic initialization program of CAT6011 are discussed.Besides,two main loops which consist of the interrupt control and the video signal processing are thoroughly analyzed.The HDCP decryption engine which is controlled by the software is illuminated.The plug and play technology following EDID standards are also introduced. Fourthly,Bases on the software and hardware design,two sets of the HDMI application project on the mature audio/video receiver system are proposed.These two sets of project respectively use LOCⅡand UOCⅢas the multi-purpose main chips. The advantages and disadvantages,the application scopes and the promoted situation between two sets of project are analyzed and compared.Multi-channel HDMI input plan can take CAT6341 as HDMI switch chip to provide the three inputs one out function.
Finally,the HDMI receiver system compatible test standard is given in this paper. The prospective research and design of new HDMI1.3v protocol on the audio/video receiver system are discussed.
The video/audio receiver systems with HDMI in this paper had been exhibit in IFA(The International Federation of Aromatherapists)in Berlin for Augest 2007. They have been massively manufactured,and mainly export to European contries at present.The successful application of HDMI on video/audio receiver systems have built some foundation on the HDMI1.3v protocol research and design in future.
(1)介绍了本文的研究背景,HDMI的主要特点,目前的HDMI标准的发展与应用现状。
(2)阐述了HDMI接口通信的基本原理,在设计中选择晶翰公司的CAT6011作为HDMI接收解码处理芯片,分析了CAT6011的功能模块和视频音频处理流程以及芯片所集成的自适应均衡器,针对HDMI接口实现热插热拔,I~2C上拉电阻的选择,ESD静电保护以及音频的D/A转换提出了参考的硬件设计,并给出CAT6011芯片,D/A转换芯片,TMDS传输线及ESD电容补偿的布线参考建议。
(3)给出了CAT6011的信号接收处理的基本流程图。讨论了I~2C信号线的读写函数和CAT6011的初始化基本程序。对中断控制,视频信号处理两个主循环的每个步骤的作用做出详细分析。论述了由软件控制的HDCP验证机制和加密过程。介绍了即插即用技术的标准和EDID标准规范。
(4)基于软硬件的设计,将HDMI应用方案与实际成熟的音视频接收系统相结合,提出了两套方案。这两套方案分别以LOCⅡ和UOCⅢ作为控制及视频处理多功能主芯片。分析和比较了这两套方案的优缺点,应用范围和推广状况。对于多路HDMI输入提出了以CAT6341为HDMI开关切换芯片的三路HDMI输入复用的方案。
(5)最后给出了HDMI接收系统的兼容性测试规范,分析了新的HDMI1.3版本协议在视频接收系统的研究和设计前景。
本文所提出的带HDMI接口的音视频接收系统参加了2007年8月柏林消费电子展,现在已经大批量生产并出口欧洲。HDMI在音视频接收系统上的成功应用为将来公司对于HDMI1.3版本的设计研究奠定了基础。
Along with the daily popularization of Digital Display Terminal,several Digital Transmission Interface standards have been launched.Among them,the High Definition Multimedia Interface,also known as HDMI is highly recognized due to its compact outlook,high transmission speed,and it capability of transmitting the A/V signals simultaneously on a single transmission line.Besides,HDMI can also work with High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection(HDCP)in order to avoid the unauthorized duplication of the audio/video that has copyrights.Due to the above specifications,the research and design of digital audio/video receiver system plays an important role in the application of HDMI.The Liquid Crystal Display as the display terminal for audio/video receiver system,and the HDMI application is researched and developed in this paper.Primary coverage includes next several aspects;
Firstly,the research background,the main characteristics of HDMI,as well as the development of standard applications of HDMI are introduced.
Secondly,the basic principles of the HDMI communications are explained. CAT6011 from Chip Advanced Technology Company is chosen as the HDMI receiver decoding chip in the design.The function block of CAT6011 and the video/audio processing flow as well as the auto-adapted equalizer which the chip integrated have been analyzed.The hardware designs for hot-plug function of HDMI,the choice of I2C wire's resistance,the ESD protection as well as the audio D/A transformation are proposed for references.The layout of the CAT6011 chip,the D/A transformation chip, the TMDS transmission line and the ESD protection have also been provided in this part.
Thirdly,the basic flow-chart of CAT6011 is given.The two procedures for read -write variables on I~2C signal wire and the basic initialization program of CAT6011 are discussed.Besides,two main loops which consist of the interrupt control and the video signal processing are thoroughly analyzed.The HDCP decryption engine which is controlled by the software is illuminated.The plug and play technology following EDID standards are also introduced. Fourthly,Bases on the software and hardware design,two sets of the HDMI application project on the mature audio/video receiver system are proposed.These two sets of project respectively use LOCⅡand UOCⅢas the multi-purpose main chips. The advantages and disadvantages,the application scopes and the promoted situation between two sets of project are analyzed and compared.Multi-channel HDMI input plan can take CAT6341 as HDMI switch chip to provide the three inputs one out function.
Finally,the HDMI receiver system compatible test standard is given in this paper. The prospective research and design of new HDMI1.3v protocol on the audio/video receiver system are discussed.
The video/audio receiver systems with HDMI in this paper had been exhibit in IFA(The International Federation of Aromatherapists)in Berlin for Augest 2007. They have been massively manufactured,and mainly export to European contries at present.The successful application of HDMI on video/audio receiver systems have built some foundation on the HDMI1.3v protocol research and design in future.
引文
[1]张宇哲.高清多媒体接口.无线电技术.2006,(395),245-260
[2]Hitachi,Ltd.,Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Philips Consumer Electronics International,B.V.,Silicon Image,Inc.,Sony Corporation,Thomson Inc.,Toshiba Corporation.et al High-Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 1.2a,December 2005,38-41,55-58
[3]林谋锦,林子威.DVI接口与HDMI接口的比较.中国有线电视.2005,6,62-69
[4]DDWG.DVI Specification.Revsion 1.0,April,1999,13-17
[5]Raj Karamchedu.不断成长的HDMI.电脑与电子.2005,3,85-90
[6]刘震,陈易,尹松鹤等.HDMI音视频接口原理.现代电视技术,2004,11,46-48
[7]GMI Technology Inc.CAT6011 Single-Link HDMI Receiverrevision 0.9,August 2006,8-23
[8]戴仕勇.对HDMI的研究以及基于AT76C115的HDMI源的设计与实现;[华东师范大学硕士论文].华东师范大学,2007,4,53-54
[9]徐秀知,冯永茂,陈宇等.DVI数字视频接口的硬件设计.电子器件.2006,29(4),1280-1287
[10]Bai Xiaoping,Zhang hongwei.Study of digital video interface(DVI)hardware design in multimedia system.IEEE Mieroelectronies and Electron Devices,April 2007,37-39
[11]愿坂俊昭著,何希才译.锁相环(PLL)电路设计与应用.第一版.北京;科学出版社,2006,7-16
[12]赵广林.protel 99SE电路设计与制板.第一版.北京;电子工业出版社,2005,211-283
[13]Chris Parris Microchip Technology Inc.I~2C串行EEPROM器件的建议用法.2006,1-9
[14]Philips Semiconductors,THE I~2C-BUS SPECIFICATION Version 2.1,January 2000.4-19
[15]杨士元.电磁屏蔽理论与实践.第一版.北京;国防工业出版社,2006,221-228
[16]Tamim P.Sidiki,Horst Roehm,Andreas Zimmermann.针对HDMI 1.3接口的ESD设计实战祥解,www.digitaltv.eetchina.com 2006/10/4
[17]钟嫒.HDMI接口在DVD系统中的实现及应用;[西北工业大学]西北工业大学2006,35-40
[18]林嵘,孙金生,秦华旺等.数据转换与接口技术.第一版.南京;东南大学出版 社,2004,101-110
[19]Philips Semiconductors.THE I~2S BUS SPECIFICATION Version,5 June 1996,1-9
[20]马长坤.CS4344 Application Note.http;//www.honestar.com/htbbs/Mods/usr/6_30.pdf,2005-1-10/2007-2-17
[21]李永量.如何设计高性能HDMI 1.3接口.电视技术.2007,4;40-43
[22]Rec.ITU-R BT.709-5.Parameters for HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange,2002
[23]Kirk Zurell著,艾克武等译,嵌入式系统的C程序设计,机械工业出版社,2001,150-167
[24]谭浩强,C程序设计.清华大学出版社,1999,56-81
[25]RogerS.Pressman.著,黄柏素,梅宏译,软件工程一实践者的研究方法(第四版),机械工业出版社,2001,102-132
[26]Tanenbaum AndrewS,Woodhaull Allbert S著,王鹏等译.操作系统;设计与实现 第2版.电子工业出版社,1998,70-124
[27]Video Electronics Standards Association.E-EDID Implementation Guide.2001,8-14
[28]周咸春,梁维铭.HDMI与HDCP技术分析.信息科学.2007,11;150-153
[29]Digital Content Protection System Revision 1.1.9 June,2003
[30]Digital Content Protection LLC.et al High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Revision 1.1 June 2003,9-13
[31]陈乃塘.细说HDMI内容保护.电子测试;新电子.2006,10,60-64
[32]Chakraborty,A.,Macii,E.,Poneino,M.etal,Energy-efficient encoding for HDCP protected digital LCD interfaces.IEEE Signals,Circuits and Systems,2005,7(1),19-22
[33]何德全,肖国镇,杨波.现代密码学.清华大学出版社,2003,56-60
[34]Philips Semiconductors.LOCⅡ-TDA15600 series Versatile signal processor for mainstream LCD TV applications Version 1.0.2006,15-18
[35]Philips Semiconductors.UOCⅢ series Versatile signal processor fo low-and mid-range TV applications Version 1.9.2003,189-201
[36]Novatek.NT68565 Flat Panel Monitor Controller Version 0.40.2006,2,39-41
[37]Rec.ITU-R BT.656-4.Interface for digital component video signals in 525-1ine and 625-1ine television system operating at 4;2;2 level of recommendation.ITU-R BT.601(Part A),1998
[38]冯瑞明.HDMI分配器的设计与实现.今日电子.2007,7,81-84
[39]Stevan Eidson,Peter Hii.Compatible Design ofHDMI(1).CompoTech 2005,6,73-76
[40]Stevan Eidson,Peter Hii.Compatible Design ofHDMI(2).CompoTech 2005,9,75-79
[41]胡海洋,孙灯亮.HDMI测试解决方案.国外电子测量技术.2007,26(2),10-13
[42]Hitachi,Ltd.,Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Philips Consumer Electronics International,B.V.,Silicon Image,Inc.,Sony Corporation,Thomson Inc.,Toshiba Corporation.et al High-Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 1.3 22 June 2006,1-4
[2]Hitachi,Ltd.,Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Philips Consumer Electronics International,B.V.,Silicon Image,Inc.,Sony Corporation,Thomson Inc.,Toshiba Corporation.et al High-Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 1.2a,December 2005,38-41,55-58
[3]林谋锦,林子威.DVI接口与HDMI接口的比较.中国有线电视.2005,6,62-69
[4]DDWG.DVI Specification.Revsion 1.0,April,1999,13-17
[5]Raj Karamchedu.不断成长的HDMI.电脑与电子.2005,3,85-90
[6]刘震,陈易,尹松鹤等.HDMI音视频接口原理.现代电视技术,2004,11,46-48
[7]GMI Technology Inc.CAT6011 Single-Link HDMI Receiverrevision 0.9,August 2006,8-23
[8]戴仕勇.对HDMI的研究以及基于AT76C115的HDMI源的设计与实现;[华东师范大学硕士论文].华东师范大学,2007,4,53-54
[9]徐秀知,冯永茂,陈宇等.DVI数字视频接口的硬件设计.电子器件.2006,29(4),1280-1287
[10]Bai Xiaoping,Zhang hongwei.Study of digital video interface(DVI)hardware design in multimedia system.IEEE Mieroelectronies and Electron Devices,April 2007,37-39
[11]愿坂俊昭著,何希才译.锁相环(PLL)电路设计与应用.第一版.北京;科学出版社,2006,7-16
[12]赵广林.protel 99SE电路设计与制板.第一版.北京;电子工业出版社,2005,211-283
[13]Chris Parris Microchip Technology Inc.I~2C串行EEPROM器件的建议用法.2006,1-9
[14]Philips Semiconductors,THE I~2C-BUS SPECIFICATION Version 2.1,January 2000.4-19
[15]杨士元.电磁屏蔽理论与实践.第一版.北京;国防工业出版社,2006,221-228
[16]Tamim P.Sidiki,Horst Roehm,Andreas Zimmermann.针对HDMI 1.3接口的ESD设计实战祥解,www.digitaltv.eetchina.com 2006/10/4
[17]钟嫒.HDMI接口在DVD系统中的实现及应用;[西北工业大学]西北工业大学2006,35-40
[18]林嵘,孙金生,秦华旺等.数据转换与接口技术.第一版.南京;东南大学出版 社,2004,101-110
[19]Philips Semiconductors.THE I~2S BUS SPECIFICATION Version,5 June 1996,1-9
[20]马长坤.CS4344 Application Note.http;//www.honestar.com/htbbs/Mods/usr/6_30.pdf,2005-1-10/2007-2-17
[21]李永量.如何设计高性能HDMI 1.3接口.电视技术.2007,4;40-43
[22]Rec.ITU-R BT.709-5.Parameters for HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange,2002
[23]Kirk Zurell著,艾克武等译,嵌入式系统的C程序设计,机械工业出版社,2001,150-167
[24]谭浩强,C程序设计.清华大学出版社,1999,56-81
[25]RogerS.Pressman.著,黄柏素,梅宏译,软件工程一实践者的研究方法(第四版),机械工业出版社,2001,102-132
[26]Tanenbaum AndrewS,Woodhaull Allbert S著,王鹏等译.操作系统;设计与实现 第2版.电子工业出版社,1998,70-124
[27]Video Electronics Standards Association.E-EDID Implementation Guide.2001,8-14
[28]周咸春,梁维铭.HDMI与HDCP技术分析.信息科学.2007,11;150-153
[29]Digital Content Protection System Revision 1.1.9 June,2003
[30]Digital Content Protection LLC.et al High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Revision 1.1 June 2003,9-13
[31]陈乃塘.细说HDMI内容保护.电子测试;新电子.2006,10,60-64
[32]Chakraborty,A.,Macii,E.,Poneino,M.etal,Energy-efficient encoding for HDCP protected digital LCD interfaces.IEEE Signals,Circuits and Systems,2005,7(1),19-22
[33]何德全,肖国镇,杨波.现代密码学.清华大学出版社,2003,56-60
[34]Philips Semiconductors.LOCⅡ-TDA15600 series Versatile signal processor for mainstream LCD TV applications Version 1.0.2006,15-18
[35]Philips Semiconductors.UOCⅢ series Versatile signal processor fo low-and mid-range TV applications Version 1.9.2003,189-201
[36]Novatek.NT68565 Flat Panel Monitor Controller Version 0.40.2006,2,39-41
[37]Rec.ITU-R BT.656-4.Interface for digital component video signals in 525-1ine and 625-1ine television system operating at 4;2;2 level of recommendation.ITU-R BT.601(Part A),1998
[38]冯瑞明.HDMI分配器的设计与实现.今日电子.2007,7,81-84
[39]Stevan Eidson,Peter Hii.Compatible Design ofHDMI(1).CompoTech 2005,6,73-76
[40]Stevan Eidson,Peter Hii.Compatible Design ofHDMI(2).CompoTech 2005,9,75-79
[41]胡海洋,孙灯亮.HDMI测试解决方案.国外电子测量技术.2007,26(2),10-13
[42]Hitachi,Ltd.,Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Philips Consumer Electronics International,B.V.,Silicon Image,Inc.,Sony Corporation,Thomson Inc.,Toshiba Corporation.et al High-Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 1.3 22 June 2006,1-4