新疆青河县老山口铁铜金矿床成矿机制研究
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摘要
准噶尔北缘是新疆重要的成矿带之一，已发现了哈腊苏铜矿、希勒库都克钼铜矿、喀拉通克铜镍矿、乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿、索尔库都克铜钼矿等。老山口小型铁铜金矿床位于东准噶尔北缘。矿体产于中泥盆北塔山组火山岩与闪长（玢）岩的接触带中，赋矿围岩为玄武质火山角砾岩和安山质火山角砾岩，矿体内及周围矽卡岩矿物普遍发育，对于矿床成因一直存在争议。故本文以老山口铁铜金矿床作为研究对象，在详细的野外考察基础上，利用电子探针测试、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测试、主量和微量元素化学分析测试、稳定同位素测试和流体包裹体显微测温测试等方法，研究了矿床的矿物学、岩相学、年代学和地球化学等特征，初步认为该矿床为矽卡岩型矿床。取得了如下认识：
1)矿化主要呈块状、脉状、角砾状、浸染状、网脉状产于闪长（玢）岩和玄武质火山岩接触带的矽卡岩中。矿床的形成经历了矽卡岩、退化蚀变和石英硫化物-碳酸盐阶段。
2)矿区闪长岩、正长岩、黑云母闪长岩和闪长玢岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为353.8±1.9Ma、366.3±1.9Ma、379.3±2.3Ma和379.7±3Ma，为中晚泥盆世岩浆活动的产物，形成环境为岛弧。
3)矽卡岩矿物中石榴石以钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列为主，辉石以透辉石为主，绿帘石化学成分富铁富钙，表明矿区矽卡岩具有钙矽卡岩特征。磁铁矿的主要组分、稀土及微量元素表明其形成与矽卡岩密切相关。
4)早期矽卡岩阶段成矿流体属高中温、中低盐度、中低密度的H2O-NaCl体系。退化蚀变阶段成矿流体属中温、中低盐度、中低密度的H2O-NaCl体系。石英-硫化物阶段成矿流体属中低温、中低盐度、中低密度的H2O-NaCl-CO2型体系。
5)碳氢氧同位素表明，成矿流体主要为混合的岩浆水和大气降水。硫同位素及岩石、矿石的稀土元素表明，成矿物质主要来自于闪长质岩浆。
6)矿床成因为矽卡岩型，成矿机制为379Ma左右闪长玢岩岩浆热液交代中泥盆统北塔山组火山岩形成矽卡岩矿物，在矽卡岩退化蚀变作用过程中形成了磁铁矿，在石英-硫化物阶段形成铜、金，最终形成了铁铜金矿床。
The northern margin of Junggar is one of the most important components ofXinjiang, has been found Halasu Cu deposit, Xilekuduke Mo-Cu deposit, KalatongkeCu-Ni deposit, Qiaoxiahala Fe-Cu-Au deposit, Suoerkuduke Cu-Mo deposit. TheLaoshankou deposit is located in the northern margin of East Junggar. Ore bodyproduce in the contact zone of diorite porphyrite and basaltic volcanic rock of MiddleDevonian Beitashan Formation. The host rocks is Basaltic volcanic breccia andandesitic volcanic breccia. Ore body and surrounding the skarn is univer developed,the genesis of the deposit is quite controversial. This thesis based on detailed fieldstudy of Laoshankou deposit, using some feasible methods such as EPMA,LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, major and trace elements measuring, stable isotopemeasuring and inclusion homotemperature measuring, recognize its petrology,mineralogy, chronology and geochemistry characteristics, and then give a reasonableexplanation about its genesis is Skarn deposit. Some study results are as follows:
1) The Fe-Cu-Au minerals mainly occur in the form of Massives, heterogeneousgobbets, Veinlets, Breccia and Veinlet-disseminated in the diorite porphyrite andbasaltic volcanic rock. The formation of deposit in the experience of skarns period、quartz-sulfide period and supergene oxidation period.
2) After performance of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, we respectivelyobtained353.8±1.9Ma、366.3±1.9Ma、379.3±2.3Ma and379.7±3Ma for the diorite、syenite、biotitediorite and diorite porphyrite in Laoshankou ore district, are theproducts of The Middle Devonian in Island arc.
3) Electron microprobe analyses show that the end member of garnet is mainlygrossularite and almandite, with the calculated end number dominated by andradite,The composition of pyroxene is mainly diopside, with asmall amount of augite. Theepidote is rich in Fe and Ca, all of them show the characteristics of calcic skarn.Magnetite is closely related to the retrogressive metamorphism of the skarn.
4) The ore-forming fluids in early stage of skarn period is high-middletemperature, middle-low salinity and middle-low density, which is belong to H2O-NaCl system; The ore-forming fluids in retrogressive metamorphism stage ismiddle temperature, middle-low salinity and middle-low density, which is belong toH2O-NaCl system; The ore-forming fluids in quartz-sulfide stage is dominantlyH2O-NaCl-CO2system.
5) Carbon and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluidis mainly a mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water. The sulfide isotopes andrare earth element data of rocks and ores suggest that the ore-forming materials ismainly derived from the dioritic magma.
6) The Laoshankou deposit is belong to skarn type, and the mineralizationmechanism is Diorite porphyry magmatic hydrothermal interacting with MiddleDevonian Beitashan Formation volcanic, the formation of magnetite is related to theretrogressive metamorphism of the skarns. Copper and gold mineralization isformated in quartz-sulphide-carbonate period, and ultimately formate Fe-Cu-Audeposit.
1)矿化主要呈块状、脉状、角砾状、浸染状、网脉状产于闪长（玢）岩和玄武质火山岩接触带的矽卡岩中。矿床的形成经历了矽卡岩、退化蚀变和石英硫化物-碳酸盐阶段。
2)矿区闪长岩、正长岩、黑云母闪长岩和闪长玢岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为353.8±1.9Ma、366.3±1.9Ma、379.3±2.3Ma和379.7±3Ma，为中晚泥盆世岩浆活动的产物，形成环境为岛弧。
3)矽卡岩矿物中石榴石以钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列为主，辉石以透辉石为主，绿帘石化学成分富铁富钙，表明矿区矽卡岩具有钙矽卡岩特征。磁铁矿的主要组分、稀土及微量元素表明其形成与矽卡岩密切相关。
4)早期矽卡岩阶段成矿流体属高中温、中低盐度、中低密度的H2O-NaCl体系。退化蚀变阶段成矿流体属中温、中低盐度、中低密度的H2O-NaCl体系。石英-硫化物阶段成矿流体属中低温、中低盐度、中低密度的H2O-NaCl-CO2型体系。
5)碳氢氧同位素表明，成矿流体主要为混合的岩浆水和大气降水。硫同位素及岩石、矿石的稀土元素表明，成矿物质主要来自于闪长质岩浆。
6)矿床成因为矽卡岩型，成矿机制为379Ma左右闪长玢岩岩浆热液交代中泥盆统北塔山组火山岩形成矽卡岩矿物，在矽卡岩退化蚀变作用过程中形成了磁铁矿，在石英-硫化物阶段形成铜、金，最终形成了铁铜金矿床。
The northern margin of Junggar is one of the most important components ofXinjiang, has been found Halasu Cu deposit, Xilekuduke Mo-Cu deposit, KalatongkeCu-Ni deposit, Qiaoxiahala Fe-Cu-Au deposit, Suoerkuduke Cu-Mo deposit. TheLaoshankou deposit is located in the northern margin of East Junggar. Ore bodyproduce in the contact zone of diorite porphyrite and basaltic volcanic rock of MiddleDevonian Beitashan Formation. The host rocks is Basaltic volcanic breccia andandesitic volcanic breccia. Ore body and surrounding the skarn is univer developed,the genesis of the deposit is quite controversial. This thesis based on detailed fieldstudy of Laoshankou deposit, using some feasible methods such as EPMA,LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, major and trace elements measuring, stable isotopemeasuring and inclusion homotemperature measuring, recognize its petrology,mineralogy, chronology and geochemistry characteristics, and then give a reasonableexplanation about its genesis is Skarn deposit. Some study results are as follows:
1) The Fe-Cu-Au minerals mainly occur in the form of Massives, heterogeneousgobbets, Veinlets, Breccia and Veinlet-disseminated in the diorite porphyrite andbasaltic volcanic rock. The formation of deposit in the experience of skarns period、quartz-sulfide period and supergene oxidation period.
2) After performance of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, we respectivelyobtained353.8±1.9Ma、366.3±1.9Ma、379.3±2.3Ma and379.7±3Ma for the diorite、syenite、biotitediorite and diorite porphyrite in Laoshankou ore district, are theproducts of The Middle Devonian in Island arc.
3) Electron microprobe analyses show that the end member of garnet is mainlygrossularite and almandite, with the calculated end number dominated by andradite,The composition of pyroxene is mainly diopside, with asmall amount of augite. Theepidote is rich in Fe and Ca, all of them show the characteristics of calcic skarn.Magnetite is closely related to the retrogressive metamorphism of the skarn.
4) The ore-forming fluids in early stage of skarn period is high-middletemperature, middle-low salinity and middle-low density, which is belong to H2O-NaCl system; The ore-forming fluids in retrogressive metamorphism stage ismiddle temperature, middle-low salinity and middle-low density, which is belong toH2O-NaCl system; The ore-forming fluids in quartz-sulfide stage is dominantlyH2O-NaCl-CO2system.
5) Carbon and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluidis mainly a mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water. The sulfide isotopes andrare earth element data of rocks and ores suggest that the ore-forming materials ismainly derived from the dioritic magma.
6) The Laoshankou deposit is belong to skarn type, and the mineralizationmechanism is Diorite porphyry magmatic hydrothermal interacting with MiddleDevonian Beitashan Formation volcanic, the formation of magnetite is related to theretrogressive metamorphism of the skarns. Copper and gold mineralization isformated in quartz-sulphide-carbonate period, and ultimately formate Fe-Cu-Audeposit.
引文
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