活性藻类吸附重金属的实验研究
摘要
目前,水体重金属污染已成为一个世界性的环境问题,引起了全社会的共同关注。近十几年来,在废水处理领域,研究人员利用非活性藻(藻粉)吸附处理重金属进行了大量研究,但利用活性藻类吸附处理重金属的研究鲜有报道。本论文以利用活性藻类(蛋白核小球藻、细长聚球藻、铜绿微囊藻、水华鱼腥藻和斜生栅藻)吸附重金属为主体,首先研究藻类生长规律和重金属对藻类生长的影响,然后研究活性藻类吸附重金属的效果,最后研究和分析了蛋白核小球藻对铜离子的吸附动力学性能。主要研究成果如下:
1)藻类生长及重金属影响实验
在自然光照和室温下,研究了5种藻类的生长特性和Cr~(6+)对藻类生长的影响。
(1)5种藻类叶绿素吸收光谱有两个最强的吸收区:一个是在波长为420～440nm的蓝紫光部分;另一个是在波长为660nm的红光部分。
(2)5种藻类生长都基本符合Logistic生长曲线的规律。
(3)5种藻类对Cr~(6+)的耐受性强弱顺序为:铜绿微囊藻>水华鱼腥藻>细长聚球藻>斜生栅藻>蛋白核小球藻。
2)活性藻类吸附重金属实验
在自然光照和室温下,分别研究了5种藻类对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(6+)的吸附效率规律。
(1)5种藻类在不同浓度的Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(6+)的吸附效率规律: 5种藻类对Zn~(2+)去除率R随Zn~(2+)质量浓度的增加,R先下降然后上升最后又下降;5种藻类对Cu~(2+)去除率R随Cu~(2+)质量浓度的增加,R先迅速上升,然后随Cu~(2+)质量浓度再增加,其去除率变化平缓;5种藻类对Cr~(6+)去除率R随Cr~(6+)质量浓度的增加而下降。(2)水华鱼腥藻在锌离子浓度为10.0mg/L时锌离子去除率R达到最大值59.20%;斜生栅藻在铜离子浓度为3.0mg/L时铜离子去除率R达到最大值62.50%;水华鱼腥藻在铬离子浓度为1.0mg/L时铬离子去除率R为最大值32.87%。
3)蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu~(2+)的动力学性能研究
在自然光照下,在恒温振荡器上进行了蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu~(2+)的动力学性能研究。研究结果表明,在蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu~(2+)的初始阶段,吸附速率快,随温度的升高吸附速率增大,且吸附反应为一级反应,并推算出吸附反应的活化能Ea=37.09 kJ/mol。
Currently, the problems of water environment, especially heavy metals pollution have been become a global environmental issue, which is also concerned to the entire community. Over the last decade, in the field of wastewater treatment, the researchers had done a lot of research that biosorption of heavy metals by non-liviny algae (algae powder), but the study of biosorption of heavy metals by living algae seldom reported.
In this paper, study on biosorption of heavy metal by living-algae(Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliquus,Anabaena flos-aquae,Synechococcus elongatus, Microcystis aeruginosa), the first, study on algae growth and the effects of heavy metals on algae,then study the effects of biosorption of heavy metal by living algae, the final the kinetics for Cu~(2+) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa has discussed. The main research results are as follows:
1) Study on algae growth and the effects of heavy metals on algae.
In natural light and room temperature, study on growth and the effects of heavy metals on 5 kinds of algae.
(1) 5 kinds of algae chlorophyll had two strongest absorption spectra of the absorption area: one is in the wavelength of 420 ~ 440 nm blue-violet light; another is the wavelength of 660 nm in the red part.
(2) 5 kinds of algae growth is in line with the basic laws of the Logistic growth curve.
(3) In different Cr~(6+) concentration, the tolerance of 5 kinds of algae: Microcystis aeruginosa>Anabaena flos-aquae >Synechococcus elongatus> Scenedesmus obliqu -us>Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
2) Study on biosorption of heavy metal by living algae.
In natural light and room temperature, study on the biosorption effects of Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(6+) on 5 kinds of living algae.
(1) 5 kinds of algae in the concentration of heavy metals, R (the removal rate of Zn~(2+) on 5 kinds of algae ) first dropped and then rose, the last dropped; with the increasing concentration of Cu~(2+),the efficiency of absorption is different. with the increasing concentration of Zn~(2+), R (removal rate of Cu~(2+) on 5 kinds of algae) first rose rapidly, and then not much change, tend to balance; with the increasing concentration of Cr~(6+), R (the removal rate of Cr~(6+) on the 5 kinds of algae) decline.
(2) In the Zn~(2+) concentration of 10.0 mg/L, R removal rate of Anabaena flos-aquae reached the maximum 59.20%;in the Cu~(2+) concentration of 3.0 mg/L, R removal rate of Scenedesmus obliquus reached the maximum 62.50%; in the Cr~(6+) concentration of 1.0 mg/L, R removal rate value of Anabaena flos-aquae was 32.87%.
3)study on the kinetics for Cu~(2+) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa
The adsorption rate for Cu~(2+) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa was considerably high at the beginning of the adsorption, and the adsorption rate for Cu~(2+) was enhanced with the increasing temperature, the reaction order was 1, and the activation energy Ea =37.09 kJ/mol.
1)藻类生长及重金属影响实验
在自然光照和室温下,研究了5种藻类的生长特性和Cr~(6+)对藻类生长的影响。
(1)5种藻类叶绿素吸收光谱有两个最强的吸收区:一个是在波长为420～440nm的蓝紫光部分;另一个是在波长为660nm的红光部分。
(2)5种藻类生长都基本符合Logistic生长曲线的规律。
(3)5种藻类对Cr~(6+)的耐受性强弱顺序为:铜绿微囊藻>水华鱼腥藻>细长聚球藻>斜生栅藻>蛋白核小球藻。
2)活性藻类吸附重金属实验
在自然光照和室温下,分别研究了5种藻类对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(6+)的吸附效率规律。
(1)5种藻类在不同浓度的Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(6+)的吸附效率规律: 5种藻类对Zn~(2+)去除率R随Zn~(2+)质量浓度的增加,R先下降然后上升最后又下降;5种藻类对Cu~(2+)去除率R随Cu~(2+)质量浓度的增加,R先迅速上升,然后随Cu~(2+)质量浓度再增加,其去除率变化平缓;5种藻类对Cr~(6+)去除率R随Cr~(6+)质量浓度的增加而下降。(2)水华鱼腥藻在锌离子浓度为10.0mg/L时锌离子去除率R达到最大值59.20%;斜生栅藻在铜离子浓度为3.0mg/L时铜离子去除率R达到最大值62.50%;水华鱼腥藻在铬离子浓度为1.0mg/L时铬离子去除率R为最大值32.87%。
3)蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu~(2+)的动力学性能研究
在自然光照下,在恒温振荡器上进行了蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu~(2+)的动力学性能研究。研究结果表明,在蛋白核小球藻吸附Cu~(2+)的初始阶段,吸附速率快,随温度的升高吸附速率增大,且吸附反应为一级反应,并推算出吸附反应的活化能Ea=37.09 kJ/mol。
Currently, the problems of water environment, especially heavy metals pollution have been become a global environmental issue, which is also concerned to the entire community. Over the last decade, in the field of wastewater treatment, the researchers had done a lot of research that biosorption of heavy metals by non-liviny algae (algae powder), but the study of biosorption of heavy metals by living algae seldom reported.
In this paper, study on biosorption of heavy metal by living-algae(Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliquus,Anabaena flos-aquae,Synechococcus elongatus, Microcystis aeruginosa), the first, study on algae growth and the effects of heavy metals on algae,then study the effects of biosorption of heavy metal by living algae, the final the kinetics for Cu~(2+) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa has discussed. The main research results are as follows:
1) Study on algae growth and the effects of heavy metals on algae.
In natural light and room temperature, study on growth and the effects of heavy metals on 5 kinds of algae.
(1) 5 kinds of algae chlorophyll had two strongest absorption spectra of the absorption area: one is in the wavelength of 420 ~ 440 nm blue-violet light; another is the wavelength of 660 nm in the red part.
(2) 5 kinds of algae growth is in line with the basic laws of the Logistic growth curve.
(3) In different Cr~(6+) concentration, the tolerance of 5 kinds of algae: Microcystis aeruginosa>Anabaena flos-aquae >Synechococcus elongatus> Scenedesmus obliqu -us>Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
2) Study on biosorption of heavy metal by living algae.
In natural light and room temperature, study on the biosorption effects of Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(6+) on 5 kinds of living algae.
(1) 5 kinds of algae in the concentration of heavy metals, R (the removal rate of Zn~(2+) on 5 kinds of algae ) first dropped and then rose, the last dropped; with the increasing concentration of Cu~(2+),the efficiency of absorption is different. with the increasing concentration of Zn~(2+), R (removal rate of Cu~(2+) on 5 kinds of algae) first rose rapidly, and then not much change, tend to balance; with the increasing concentration of Cr~(6+), R (the removal rate of Cr~(6+) on the 5 kinds of algae) decline.
(2) In the Zn~(2+) concentration of 10.0 mg/L, R removal rate of Anabaena flos-aquae reached the maximum 59.20%;in the Cu~(2+) concentration of 3.0 mg/L, R removal rate of Scenedesmus obliquus reached the maximum 62.50%; in the Cr~(6+) concentration of 1.0 mg/L, R removal rate value of Anabaena flos-aquae was 32.87%.
3)study on the kinetics for Cu~(2+) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa
The adsorption rate for Cu~(2+) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa was considerably high at the beginning of the adsorption, and the adsorption rate for Cu~(2+) was enhanced with the increasing temperature, the reaction order was 1, and the activation energy Ea =37.09 kJ/mol.
引文
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[4]胡稳奇,张志光.微生物方法在重金属污染处理中的应用现状及展望[J].大自然探索,1995,(2):58～61
[5]张剑波,冯金敏.离子吸附技术在废水处理中的应用和发展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2000,1(1):46～51
[6]赵璇,吴天宝,叶裕才.我国饮用水源的重金属污染及治理技术深化问题[J].给水排水,1998,24(10):22～25
[7]涂书新,韦朝阳.我国生物修复技术的现状与展望[J].地理科学进展,2004,23 (61):20～32.
[8] Volesky B,Schiewer S.Encylopedia of bioprocess engineering[M].New York.: Flickinger M C,1999:433～453
[9]陈怀满.土壤一植物系统中的重金属污染田[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:7～8
[10] Tyler G et al.Heavy-metal ecology of terrestrial plants,microgani sms and invertebrates[J].A review:Water Air and Soil pollution, 1989, 47(9):3～4
[11]王绍文.重金属废水治理技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993:27～28
[12]李博.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:359～360
[13]王黎,郑龙熙,袁志涛.资源可持续性利用技术[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1999: 23～26,68～85
[14]惠秀娟.环境毒理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:800～801
[15]化学工业部环境保护设计技术中心站.化工环境保护设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998:78～80
[16] Du PontAndre.Quicklime apply in heaveymeatalswatewater[J].Pollute Eng,1987, 19 (4):84～101
[17]魏振枢.铁氧体法处理含铬废水工艺条件探讨[J].化工环保,1998,18(1):33～36
[18] Klancko Robert J,et al.Iron filing and iron chippings and shavings[J].Adv Instrum, 1995,30(2):659～663
[19] AnnNClare,DJWilson.Gas flotation process separating[J].Separation and Purification Methods,1998,8(2):45～52
[20] G.Izumi,et al.Super activation doses put to use[J].Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan,1996,49(7):1727～1736
[21] Sang June Choi,Son Ki Ihm.Adsorption colloid gas flotation process applying in wastewater[J].Separation Science and Technology,1988, 23(4):36～37
[22] C.D.Foy,R.E.Chney,M.C.White,et al. Organism chemistryacts apply in wastewater [J].Plant Physiol,1998,24(5):29～41
[23] D.B.Aulenbach,et al.Chromiumion treatment[J].Chem Eng Comm,1987,60(9):79～83
[24] D.Bhattacharyya,et al.Activation coal[J].Environ Progr,1987,6(2):110～113
[25] Fushimi Hiromu.Zeolite applys in heavey meatals wastewater[J].Waseda Daigku Rikogaku Kenkyusho Hokoku,1980,89(9):88～101
[26]夏畅斌.彭润土对Zn和Cd离子的吸附作用研究[J].矿产综合利用,2000,4(2): 34～36
[27] Gale N.L..Biotechnology for the mining metal refining and fossil fuel industries[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1985,26(3):171～182
[28] Rose P D,Boshof G A,Van HiRe R P,et a1.An integrated algal sulphate reducing hish rateponding process for the treatment of acid mine drainage wastewaters[J]. Biodegradation,1998,9(3):247～257
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