湖南地区中生代以来深部地球动力学演化的有限元数值模拟及成矿作用特征研究
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摘要
湖南地区,是华南成矿区的重要组成部分,素称“有色金属之乡”,区内成矿作用与中生代以来的构造运动密不可分。
本文采用区域板块构造运动同大陆板块内部局部地区的力学分析相结合的板块力学研究方法,将构造地质学与地球物理学资料相结合,对区内构造、地层、变质作用、区域地学断面的地球物理特征、古地磁以及深部地壳结构、成矿作用等方面做了较系统的论述;并通过运用有限元数值模拟计算机方法,研究了湖南地区中生代以来主要构造演化的动力学特征。取得的主要成果可归纳如下:
通过地球物理资料的综合分析,并依据陆壳反射地震结果,确定了“江南古陆”地区为古隆起,其下存在有时代更老的结晶基底,认为“雪峰山地区是巨大外来体"的说法值得商榷。并提出了在整个江南古陆不存在阿尔卑斯型巨大外来体。
明确了板溪群为一个区域性岩石地层单位,是一套发育在武陵运动不整合面之上、平行不整合于震旦系之下的由砾岩、砂岩及板岩构成的正常沉积地层,属晚元古代早期,在区域上具有明显的可对比性,不是构造混杂岩。
通过对湖南地区主要构造作用的应力场特征分析,认为湖南地区由于位于扬子陆块与华南褶皱带和华夏陆块所拼合形成的中国南方板块的中部,受周边板块的影响以及早期构造对晚期构造的制约和影响,区内构造作用呈现出相互交错的复杂格局,构造应力场几经变化,并最终形成该地区大面积的宽缓拗褶、抬升,出现东、西、南三面环山,北面临水的马蹄形盆地地貌。
总结了华南地区地壳平均速度结构特点及其地质含义。指出湖南地壳平均速度为6.31km/s、横向变化不大、上地幔顶部速度都大于8.01km/s、以及壳内低速层不显著、且速度随深度增加缓慢、平均地热流值偏低、地震活动频度低等一系列特点。明确了湖南具有比较稳定的大陆地壳,并初步建立了湖南地区岩石圈分层模型。
结合湖南地区中生代以来地壳结构和主要构造演化的有关地球物理资料和野外观察实际,对雪峰山隆升动力学机制及其与有关矿区构造的关系进行研究,提出了雪峰隆起经历了逆冲叠加、伸展滑脱等阶段;三大盆地的形成结构模式是深部隆起背景上的浅部拗陷,是加厚地壳在突出部
Hunan, is one important part of mineral area in south of China, often be called" the country of nonferrous metals", the metallogenical in this area is related to the structure sport during Mesozoic era inseparable.This paper, combined the district tectonic plate structure movement with the mechanics of partial region in mainland, combined the construct geology with geophysical data, analyzes the tectonic movement, strata, metamorphism, the geophysics characteristic of some cross sections, fossil telluric magnetic force and the deep constructions in crust, metallogenical etc., then the treatise used the method of limited number imitate to study the characteristic of main tectonic movement in Hunan region since Mesozoic era. The main result of obtaining can be induced as follows:By the way of synthesizing analyzed about the geophysics data's and based on the earthquake reflect results in crust of Hunan region, The paper made sure that: ' Jiangnan Ancient mainland' was an ancient upwarped district, gave the negative answer to the theory of that the 'Xuefeng mountainous region' was a huge napped body, pointed that there were no Albisi huge napped body in Jiangnan Ancient mainland.Clearing in meaning of that the 'Group of Baixi' was only a normal regional strata unit, included pseohyte, sandstone, slate. It was formed during the early period of Proterozoic era, can be contrasted with the other groups, which sediment in other regions during the same time, not a group of structure congestion rock.After analyzed the stress field characteristic of main structure movement in Hunan region, regarded that the structure movements was controlled by those blocks around Hunan region, such as Huabei block, India block, The Pacific Ocean block. Earlier period structure that suffer the perimeter tectonic plate constructs to the later period of make roughly with affect, The stress field characteristic of main structure movement in Hunan region were severally through variety, formed the basin as an horse's hoofs in geography.The paper concluded out a series of characteristics in Hunan region, the average velocity was 6.3 km/ s in crust of Hunan region, horizontal variety is not very obvious, it was above 8.0 km/ s in top of mantle, the low speed layer
is also not very obvious in crust, the speed increased slowly with the depth, subterranean heat flow value was low, at the same time earthquake is activity, after summary the characteristics of average crust velocity construction and its geological meanings in south of China mainland. Pointed out that there was a stability continent crust. Then established a layering model of lithosphere about Hunan region preliminarily.Combination the geophysics data with detail field inspecting information about the crust construction and main structure evolve in Hunan region, studied on the dynamics mechanism of Xuefeng mountain rising and the relation between dynamics mechanism and ore field tectonic in the district. The paper put forward the theories: Xuefeng mountain rising process was constituted by those stages such as reversed add and stretch slip. The construction model of three great basins' forming was the shallow hollowing on the deep rising background. Because of gravity balance, the thicken crust of outstanding part occurrences stretch hollowing on shallow-middle crust.Using the method of limited number imitate to research on the characteristic of crust construction and the main structures evolve process in the Hunan region at first time, the paper obtained the ideal result to verify the new cognition on this research work nicely. From the emulation result of the flat surface model, it gave a cognition that Because of gravity balance the thicken crust of outstanding part occurrences stretch hollowing on shallow-middle crust. This result was agree with something on fact to match. The emulation result of the cross section model showed that Xuefeng rising, Yuanma Basin, Dongting Basin, Hengyang Basin and Xiangzhong Basin were fit together with geology fact. Especially it was in accordance with the results from the Fenghuang-Chaling cross section.Using the coupling principle about the relation between mountain making and basin forming at first time, the paper had studied mineral resources distributing regulation, given a beneficial complement to the mineral series theories in Hunan region, summary a series control characteristics among the mountain function, basin forming, mineral function
本文采用区域板块构造运动同大陆板块内部局部地区的力学分析相结合的板块力学研究方法,将构造地质学与地球物理学资料相结合,对区内构造、地层、变质作用、区域地学断面的地球物理特征、古地磁以及深部地壳结构、成矿作用等方面做了较系统的论述;并通过运用有限元数值模拟计算机方法,研究了湖南地区中生代以来主要构造演化的动力学特征。取得的主要成果可归纳如下:
通过地球物理资料的综合分析,并依据陆壳反射地震结果,确定了“江南古陆”地区为古隆起,其下存在有时代更老的结晶基底,认为“雪峰山地区是巨大外来体"的说法值得商榷。并提出了在整个江南古陆不存在阿尔卑斯型巨大外来体。
明确了板溪群为一个区域性岩石地层单位,是一套发育在武陵运动不整合面之上、平行不整合于震旦系之下的由砾岩、砂岩及板岩构成的正常沉积地层,属晚元古代早期,在区域上具有明显的可对比性,不是构造混杂岩。
通过对湖南地区主要构造作用的应力场特征分析,认为湖南地区由于位于扬子陆块与华南褶皱带和华夏陆块所拼合形成的中国南方板块的中部,受周边板块的影响以及早期构造对晚期构造的制约和影响,区内构造作用呈现出相互交错的复杂格局,构造应力场几经变化,并最终形成该地区大面积的宽缓拗褶、抬升,出现东、西、南三面环山,北面临水的马蹄形盆地地貌。
总结了华南地区地壳平均速度结构特点及其地质含义。指出湖南地壳平均速度为6.31km/s、横向变化不大、上地幔顶部速度都大于8.01km/s、以及壳内低速层不显著、且速度随深度增加缓慢、平均地热流值偏低、地震活动频度低等一系列特点。明确了湖南具有比较稳定的大陆地壳,并初步建立了湖南地区岩石圈分层模型。
结合湖南地区中生代以来地壳结构和主要构造演化的有关地球物理资料和野外观察实际,对雪峰山隆升动力学机制及其与有关矿区构造的关系进行研究,提出了雪峰隆起经历了逆冲叠加、伸展滑脱等阶段;三大盆地的形成结构模式是深部隆起背景上的浅部拗陷,是加厚地壳在突出部
Hunan, is one important part of mineral area in south of China, often be called" the country of nonferrous metals", the metallogenical in this area is related to the structure sport during Mesozoic era inseparable.This paper, combined the district tectonic plate structure movement with the mechanics of partial region in mainland, combined the construct geology with geophysical data, analyzes the tectonic movement, strata, metamorphism, the geophysics characteristic of some cross sections, fossil telluric magnetic force and the deep constructions in crust, metallogenical etc., then the treatise used the method of limited number imitate to study the characteristic of main tectonic movement in Hunan region since Mesozoic era. The main result of obtaining can be induced as follows:By the way of synthesizing analyzed about the geophysics data's and based on the earthquake reflect results in crust of Hunan region, The paper made sure that: ' Jiangnan Ancient mainland' was an ancient upwarped district, gave the negative answer to the theory of that the 'Xuefeng mountainous region' was a huge napped body, pointed that there were no Albisi huge napped body in Jiangnan Ancient mainland.Clearing in meaning of that the 'Group of Baixi' was only a normal regional strata unit, included pseohyte, sandstone, slate. It was formed during the early period of Proterozoic era, can be contrasted with the other groups, which sediment in other regions during the same time, not a group of structure congestion rock.After analyzed the stress field characteristic of main structure movement in Hunan region, regarded that the structure movements was controlled by those blocks around Hunan region, such as Huabei block, India block, The Pacific Ocean block. Earlier period structure that suffer the perimeter tectonic plate constructs to the later period of make roughly with affect, The stress field characteristic of main structure movement in Hunan region were severally through variety, formed the basin as an horse's hoofs in geography.The paper concluded out a series of characteristics in Hunan region, the average velocity was 6.3 km/ s in crust of Hunan region, horizontal variety is not very obvious, it was above 8.0 km/ s in top of mantle, the low speed layer
is also not very obvious in crust, the speed increased slowly with the depth, subterranean heat flow value was low, at the same time earthquake is activity, after summary the characteristics of average crust velocity construction and its geological meanings in south of China mainland. Pointed out that there was a stability continent crust. Then established a layering model of lithosphere about Hunan region preliminarily.Combination the geophysics data with detail field inspecting information about the crust construction and main structure evolve in Hunan region, studied on the dynamics mechanism of Xuefeng mountain rising and the relation between dynamics mechanism and ore field tectonic in the district. The paper put forward the theories: Xuefeng mountain rising process was constituted by those stages such as reversed add and stretch slip. The construction model of three great basins' forming was the shallow hollowing on the deep rising background. Because of gravity balance, the thicken crust of outstanding part occurrences stretch hollowing on shallow-middle crust.Using the method of limited number imitate to research on the characteristic of crust construction and the main structures evolve process in the Hunan region at first time, the paper obtained the ideal result to verify the new cognition on this research work nicely. From the emulation result of the flat surface model, it gave a cognition that Because of gravity balance the thicken crust of outstanding part occurrences stretch hollowing on shallow-middle crust. This result was agree with something on fact to match. The emulation result of the cross section model showed that Xuefeng rising, Yuanma Basin, Dongting Basin, Hengyang Basin and Xiangzhong Basin were fit together with geology fact. Especially it was in accordance with the results from the Fenghuang-Chaling cross section.Using the coupling principle about the relation between mountain making and basin forming at first time, the paper had studied mineral resources distributing regulation, given a beneficial complement to the mineral series theories in Hunan region, summary a series control characteristics among the mountain function, basin forming, mineral function
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