基于变压器计量监测的防盗电系统研制
摘要
随着科学技术的飞速发展，电力已成为当今社会最不可或缺的资源之一。伴随着用电量的高速增长，电能计量成为了一项关键技术。一些中小企业或单位为了追求利润，不惜采用违法手段对计量装置进行干扰，使国家利益蒙受巨大损失。电力部门作为电力资源的监管部门，有责任采取相应措施阻止该类盗窃现象的发生。基于变压器计量监测的防盗电技术的研究，为阻止此类盗电行为提供了一种实用手段，且有很强的通用性和较高的可靠行。设计该系统涵盖了电压电流信号采集、数据分析处理、数据保存以及远程监控系统等内容。本文系统地介绍了防窃电手段的研究与应用、系统下位机硬件的设计、软件系统的开发以及远程监控系统的开发与应用。
与已有的相类似系统设计不同的是，该监测系统采集变压器原、副边信号，通过功率法、欠流法、欠压法、相序法、变比法等多种窃电判据对两侧信号进行分析处理，具备了对多种计量故障进行综合判断的能力；数据采集尝试采用模拟开关实现多路信号同步采样，收到了良好的效果；采用GPRS技术将数据及时上传到上位机服务器，确保了远程监测的实时性；上位机保存数据的同时下位机同样具备保存功能，确保数据的安全性；采用较先进的触摸屏技术，使得装置易于操作。
对系统反复的硬件、软件调试以及实验作业演示结果表明，该计量监测防盗电系统数据采样准确，故障判断可靠，硬件设计合理，系统软件运行正常。本文介绍的基于变压器计量监测的防盗电技术的应用提供的实施方案切实可行，并具有重要的参考价值和广泛的应用前景。
As the fast development of the social sicence technology, the electric energy has been one of the most important resources in this society. With high speed increasing of the power consumption, the electric energy measurement has been a pivotal technique. In order to seek for profit, some small and medium enterprises interfere in the measuring device in spite of using the illegal means, which make the national profit damnify so much. As the electric resource supervision department, the electric power department should be responsible for taking the relative measures to prevent these stealing phenomenal to happen. The specific contents of the research of the Monitoring Technique of Metering Malfunction incluede the systemic versatility, and reliability. The design of the Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction includes the signal collection of the voltage and current, the data processing and analyse, data save and the remote monitoting system. Here introduces the Study and Application about the Preventive Device against Energy Stealing, the Lower Device Hardware Design of Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction, the Software System Development and the Development and Application of the Remote Monitoring System.
Different from the existent design of the Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction, this monitoring system adopts the Power Method Criterion, Undercurrent Criterion, Undervoltage Criterion, Phase Sequence Criterion, Ratio Criterion and other stealing electricity criterions, which prossesses the ability to judge the multi-metering malfunction synthetically. The data collection tries to adopt analog switch to achieve the sampling multiple-signal synchronously. Using the GPRS technique, it can transmit the data to the upper sever in time to ensure the quality of the real-time monitering. The lower device prossesses the save function contemporarily when the upper device save the data, which can ensure the data security. Using the advanced technique of the touch-screen which made the equipment is easy to operate.
Via the repeated debugging of the system hardware and software and the demonstration of the experiment exercises, the result indicates the Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction prossesses the good practicability, versatility, and reliability. The application of the Monitoring Technique of Metering Malfunction introduced by this document supply the scheme to put in practice, and have the significant reference value and comprehensive application foreground.
与已有的相类似系统设计不同的是，该监测系统采集变压器原、副边信号，通过功率法、欠流法、欠压法、相序法、变比法等多种窃电判据对两侧信号进行分析处理，具备了对多种计量故障进行综合判断的能力；数据采集尝试采用模拟开关实现多路信号同步采样，收到了良好的效果；采用GPRS技术将数据及时上传到上位机服务器，确保了远程监测的实时性；上位机保存数据的同时下位机同样具备保存功能，确保数据的安全性；采用较先进的触摸屏技术，使得装置易于操作。
对系统反复的硬件、软件调试以及实验作业演示结果表明，该计量监测防盗电系统数据采样准确，故障判断可靠，硬件设计合理，系统软件运行正常。本文介绍的基于变压器计量监测的防盗电技术的应用提供的实施方案切实可行，并具有重要的参考价值和广泛的应用前景。
As the fast development of the social sicence technology, the electric energy has been one of the most important resources in this society. With high speed increasing of the power consumption, the electric energy measurement has been a pivotal technique. In order to seek for profit, some small and medium enterprises interfere in the measuring device in spite of using the illegal means, which make the national profit damnify so much. As the electric resource supervision department, the electric power department should be responsible for taking the relative measures to prevent these stealing phenomenal to happen. The specific contents of the research of the Monitoring Technique of Metering Malfunction incluede the systemic versatility, and reliability. The design of the Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction includes the signal collection of the voltage and current, the data processing and analyse, data save and the remote monitoting system. Here introduces the Study and Application about the Preventive Device against Energy Stealing, the Lower Device Hardware Design of Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction, the Software System Development and the Development and Application of the Remote Monitoring System.
Different from the existent design of the Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction, this monitoring system adopts the Power Method Criterion, Undercurrent Criterion, Undervoltage Criterion, Phase Sequence Criterion, Ratio Criterion and other stealing electricity criterions, which prossesses the ability to judge the multi-metering malfunction synthetically. The data collection tries to adopt analog switch to achieve the sampling multiple-signal synchronously. Using the GPRS technique, it can transmit the data to the upper sever in time to ensure the quality of the real-time monitering. The lower device prossesses the save function contemporarily when the upper device save the data, which can ensure the data security. Using the advanced technique of the touch-screen which made the equipment is easy to operate.
Via the repeated debugging of the system hardware and software and the demonstration of the experiment exercises, the result indicates the Monitoring System of Metering Malfunction prossesses the good practicability, versatility, and reliability. The application of the Monitoring Technique of Metering Malfunction introduced by this document supply the scheme to put in practice, and have the significant reference value and comprehensive application foreground.
引文
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[2] 中国计量出版社电能表规程规范标准技术文件汇编 中国计量出版社，2005
[3] 李景村．防止窃电应用技术实例．中国水利水电出版社，2004
[4] 邱炳正．交流电能表错误接线100例解析．中国计量出版社，2005
[5] 邱召霞．电子式多功能电能表的校验及应用．供用电，2006，06：52～55
[6] 摩托罗拉工程学院，文志成．GPRS网络技术．电子工业出版社，2005
[7] 周莉．电力系统远程自动抄表及窃电监察系统：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉大学，2004
[8] 李昂．集中式预付费电能计量控制系统：[硕士学位论文]．西安：西北工业大学，2005
[9] 张小强等．一种基于GPRS技术的无线监控系统．中国数据通信，2004，6(11)：92～95
[10] 杨士元．电磁屏蔽理论与实践．国防工业出版社，2006．
[11] Osburn, J. D. M. The role of systems EMC analysis in large system EMC management by equipment EMC assurance. Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1991. Symposium Record. IEEE 1991 International Symposium on 12-16 Aug. 1991 Page(s): 189～192
[12] 郭银景．电磁兼容原理及应用教程．清华大学出版社，2004
[13] Armstrong, K. Best EMC practices for electrical and electronic assembly and installation. Electromagnetic Compatibility in Heavy Power Installations (Ref. No. 1999/066), IEE Colloquium 23 Feb. 1999 Page(s):7/1～710
[14] Liau, P. Y.; Chang, Y. C. Introduction to the EMC education and activities in Taiwan. Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1998. 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Volume 1, 24-28 Aug. 1998 Page(s):415～420 vol. 1
[15] 赵晶．电路设计与制版Protel99高级应用．人民邮电出版社，2000
[16] 朱杰斌．基于GPRS的低压配电实时监测．系统电测与仪表，2006，4：39～42
[17] 冯志华等．基于锁相环的变频器同步跟踪实验．电工技术学报，2006，11：96～100
[18] Guan-Chyun Hsieh. Phase-locked loop techniques. A survey. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 43, Issue 6, Dec. 1996 Page(s):609-615
[19] 宋国峰等．锁相环集成电路及其在车速信号测量中的应用，潍坊学院学报， 2006, 6: 38～45
[20] Green, DLock-In, Tracking, and acquisition of AGC-aided phase- locked loops Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on , 1985, 6 (32): 559～568
[21] 华成英、童诗白．模拟电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，2006
[22] 阎石．数字电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，1998
[23] W77E58规格说明书．WINBOND，2000
[24] W77E58 Technology Manual (visionA2), Winbond, 2000
[25] 汪叶斌等．I~2C总线在MCS51系列单片机数据采集系统中的实现．微计算机信息，2005，1：67～68
[26] Sun, S. Soft decision-based iterative interference cancellation (I~2C) in group-wise STBC (G-STBC) MIMO systems. Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring. The 57th IEEE Semiannual Volume 2, 22-25 April 2003 Page(s):984～988 vol.2
[27] Yongmei Dai. Iterative interference cancellation and ordered array processing for groupwise space time trellis coded (GSTTC) systems. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004. WCNC. 2004 IEEE Volume 4, 21-25 March 2004 Page(s):2323～2328 Vol.4
[28] Soehren, W. A MEMS-based guidance, navigation, and control unit. Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 2002 IEEE 15-18 April 2002 Page(s): 189～195
[29] 沙占友等．单片机外围电路设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[30] 包依勤．基于GSM／GPRS安全防窃电远程自动抄表系统：[硕士学位论文]．南京：南京大学，2004
[31] 刘沛骞等．基于GPRS的配电变压器实时监控一体化系统．电网技术，2005，29(6)：82～84
[32] Ni, S., Haggman, S.-G., GPRS performance estimation in GSM circuit switched services and GPRS shared resource systems, Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Sept 1999,1417～1421
[33] 孙洪波．三相电能计量系统防窃电技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．重庆：重庆大学，2003
[34] Shneiderman, B., Touch screens now offer compelling uses. Software, IEEE Volume 8, Issue 2, March 1991 Page(s):93～94, 107 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/52.73754
[35] Myung-Jin Jung. Effect of Tactile Display in Visually Guiding Input Device. Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Oct. 2006 Page(s):5046～5051
[36] 王勇等．基于AT89S51的电能计量系统．微计算机信息，2006，10(22)：232～234
[37] Hefny, M.S. Design of an improved watchdog circuit for microcontroller-based systems. Microelectronics, 1999. ICM'99. The Eleventh International Conference on 22-24 Nov. 1999 Page(s):165～168
[38] Metzger. Making Radio Frequency Identification Visible—A Watchdog Tag. Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2007. PerCom Workshops '07. Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on March 2007 Page(s):352～356
[39] Lu, D.J. Watchdog Processors and Structural Integrity Checking. Computers, IEEE Transactions on, Volume C-31, Issue 7, Jul 1982 Page(s):681～685
[40] 戴俊峰．电能表错接线远程诊断系统：[硕士学位论文]．北京：北京交通大学，2006
[41] 周爽．反窃电实用技术的研究和应用：[硕士学位论文]．沈阳：东北大学，2005
[42] 周永魁等．技术窃电的手法及反窃电措施．电测与仪表，1998，6：25～26
[43] 马忠梅等．单片机C语言应用程序设计．北京航空航天大学，2003
[44] Kilpi, T. Choosing a SCM-tool: a framework and evaluation. Software Engineering Environments, Eighth Conference on 8-9 April 1997 Page(s): 164～172
[45] 赵亮等．单片机C语言编程与实例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
[46] Kitayama, K. Carrier sense using subcarrier-multiplexed signaling for optical frequency division multiple access. Lightwave Technology, Journal of Volume 15, Issue 5, May 1997 Page(s):758～765
[47] Ge Gao. Research on intranet service system & application of SCM software of enterprise Services Systems and Services Management, 2005. Proceedings of ICSSSM '05.2005 International Conference on Volume 2, 13-15 June 2005 Page(s):1188～1193 Vol. 2
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