柔性注压锚杆结构参数与围岩压力对锚固系统影响的研究
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摘要
柔性注压锚杆是一种结构新颖和锚固机理独特的新型锚杆,具有锚固力强、可主动适应围岩运动、跟踪补偿锚固力变化、能够实现全长锚固、锚杆重量轻、可回收复用等方面的优点。通过内注压力,锚杆挤压围岩形成压力拱,为围岩提供主动锚护。同时,克服了传统锚杆与围岩粘结力不足、锚固力不稳定和对软岩与大变形巷道适用性差的缺陷。因此,本研究具有重要的理论意义及实用价值。作者采用弹性力学、高分子材料学、岩土力学等理论分析方法,将地面模拟与井下试验相结合,通过有限元法对柔性注压锚杆的受力、变形及与围岩组成的锚固系统的接触等方面进行分析计算,从而指导锚杆的设计与加工,与实验结果进行对比分析,逐步完善锚杆的结构设计。本文的主要研究工作如下:
1.对柔性注压锚杆的锚固力和锚固机理进行理论分析和试验分析,推导出其承载能力的计算与分析方法,为其设计、试验和应用提供一定的理论依据。
2.通过对柔性注压锚杆结构特点的研究,建立其物理模型和数学模型,进而运用ANSYS分析软件,对柔性注压锚杆进行有限元接触分析,比较有限元法与解析法得到的结果,得出两种方法是否正确。
3.采用改变一个参数值,固定其余参数值的方法,进行多次有限元建模并计算的方法,对比分析锚杆的主要结构参数对锚固性能的影响。
4.对围岩施加X方向和Y方向的不同大小的压力,计算不同的围压对锚固性能的影响,以及围压不同时,在有柔性注压锚杆支护和无柔性注压锚杆支护两种情况下对围岩的影响。
5.应用强度理论,建立了锚杆体中钢丝、橡胶的强度条件及钢丝与橡胶的剪切强度条件,得出锚杆的最大许用拉拔载荷。并通过理论计算和有限元分析计算,得出锚杆许用拉拔载荷的影响因素。
6.对柔性注压锚杆进行地面抗拉拔试验、抗剪试验和井下抗拉拔试验,测算出锚杆的拉锚力、抗剪性能与内压的关系,并进行密封性和承载稳定性试验,以及失效试验,总结了柔性注压锚杆的典型失效形式和原因。
Flexible pressurized anchor is a kind of new anchor which has new structure and unique anchoring mechanism. It has many advantages, such as, it can active adapt for the motion of adjacent rock and compensate the variable anchoring force, it can achieve the total length anchoring, the weight of anchor is light, and it can be recovered and multiple-used, etc. Through the inner pressure, the anchor extrudes the adjacent rock forming the arch pressure; provide the initiative anchoring for the adjacent rock. It overcomes the disadvantages of conventional anchor which is insufficient adhesive force, unstable anchorage, and adaptability for soft rock and large deforming tunnel. This research has important theoretical significance and use value.
Author chooses theoretical analytical method of elasticity, high molecular synthetic material and rock mechanics, associates ground-based simulation with underground tests, analysis and calculate the flexible pressurized anchor’s force, deformation, and the contact analysis of the anchoring system which formed with adjacent rock, and guide the design and processing. Analyzed with the experimental results and gradually improve the structural design of anchor. The main research efforts, as follow:
1. Analysis the anchoring force and anchoring mechanism of the flexible pressurized anchor from theory and experiment. Derive the calculation and analysis methods from its load-bearing capacity, and provide the theoretical basis for the design, test and application.
2. Through the study of the flexible pressurized anchor’s structure characteristics, establish the physical and mathematical models, take use of the ANSYS software, do the finite element contact analysis of the flexible pressurized anchor. Compared the results from the finite element method and the analytic method, and obtained the correct of the two ways.
3. Taking use of the method of change a parameter value, fixed the remaining parameters value, modeling a number of finite element modeling, compare and analysis the impact of the main structural parameters of anchor on anchoring performance.
4. Imposed different size of the pressure on the adjacent rock from X direction and Y direction, calculate the impact of the different pressure of the adjacent rock for anchoring performance. And calculate when adjacent rock pressure is different, the impact on the adjacent rock under the situation of anchoring the flexible pressurized anchor and non-anchoring the flexible pressurized anchor.
5. Applying strength theory, established the strength conditions of steel wire, rubber, and the shear strength condition of steel wire and rubber, and obtained the maximum allowable pull-out load of anchor. And through theoretical calculation and finite element calculation, obtained the impact factor of anchor’s allowable pull-out load.
6. Done the ground of pull-out test, shear test and the underground pull-out test of the flexible pressurized anchor, measured the relationship between inner pressure and anchor pulling force and shear properties. Done the seal and bearing stability test, as well as the failure test, summed up the typical failure forms and causes of flexible pressurized anchor.
1.对柔性注压锚杆的锚固力和锚固机理进行理论分析和试验分析,推导出其承载能力的计算与分析方法,为其设计、试验和应用提供一定的理论依据。
2.通过对柔性注压锚杆结构特点的研究,建立其物理模型和数学模型,进而运用ANSYS分析软件,对柔性注压锚杆进行有限元接触分析,比较有限元法与解析法得到的结果,得出两种方法是否正确。
3.采用改变一个参数值,固定其余参数值的方法,进行多次有限元建模并计算的方法,对比分析锚杆的主要结构参数对锚固性能的影响。
4.对围岩施加X方向和Y方向的不同大小的压力,计算不同的围压对锚固性能的影响,以及围压不同时,在有柔性注压锚杆支护和无柔性注压锚杆支护两种情况下对围岩的影响。
5.应用强度理论,建立了锚杆体中钢丝、橡胶的强度条件及钢丝与橡胶的剪切强度条件,得出锚杆的最大许用拉拔载荷。并通过理论计算和有限元分析计算,得出锚杆许用拉拔载荷的影响因素。
6.对柔性注压锚杆进行地面抗拉拔试验、抗剪试验和井下抗拉拔试验,测算出锚杆的拉锚力、抗剪性能与内压的关系,并进行密封性和承载稳定性试验,以及失效试验,总结了柔性注压锚杆的典型失效形式和原因。
Flexible pressurized anchor is a kind of new anchor which has new structure and unique anchoring mechanism. It has many advantages, such as, it can active adapt for the motion of adjacent rock and compensate the variable anchoring force, it can achieve the total length anchoring, the weight of anchor is light, and it can be recovered and multiple-used, etc. Through the inner pressure, the anchor extrudes the adjacent rock forming the arch pressure; provide the initiative anchoring for the adjacent rock. It overcomes the disadvantages of conventional anchor which is insufficient adhesive force, unstable anchorage, and adaptability for soft rock and large deforming tunnel. This research has important theoretical significance and use value.
Author chooses theoretical analytical method of elasticity, high molecular synthetic material and rock mechanics, associates ground-based simulation with underground tests, analysis and calculate the flexible pressurized anchor’s force, deformation, and the contact analysis of the anchoring system which formed with adjacent rock, and guide the design and processing. Analyzed with the experimental results and gradually improve the structural design of anchor. The main research efforts, as follow:
1. Analysis the anchoring force and anchoring mechanism of the flexible pressurized anchor from theory and experiment. Derive the calculation and analysis methods from its load-bearing capacity, and provide the theoretical basis for the design, test and application.
2. Through the study of the flexible pressurized anchor’s structure characteristics, establish the physical and mathematical models, take use of the ANSYS software, do the finite element contact analysis of the flexible pressurized anchor. Compared the results from the finite element method and the analytic method, and obtained the correct of the two ways.
3. Taking use of the method of change a parameter value, fixed the remaining parameters value, modeling a number of finite element modeling, compare and analysis the impact of the main structural parameters of anchor on anchoring performance.
4. Imposed different size of the pressure on the adjacent rock from X direction and Y direction, calculate the impact of the different pressure of the adjacent rock for anchoring performance. And calculate when adjacent rock pressure is different, the impact on the adjacent rock under the situation of anchoring the flexible pressurized anchor and non-anchoring the flexible pressurized anchor.
5. Applying strength theory, established the strength conditions of steel wire, rubber, and the shear strength condition of steel wire and rubber, and obtained the maximum allowable pull-out load of anchor. And through theoretical calculation and finite element calculation, obtained the impact factor of anchor’s allowable pull-out load.
6. Done the ground of pull-out test, shear test and the underground pull-out test of the flexible pressurized anchor, measured the relationship between inner pressure and anchor pulling force and shear properties. Done the seal and bearing stability test, as well as the failure test, summed up the typical failure forms and causes of flexible pressurized anchor.
引文
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