茬地免耕精量播种机关键部件设计与研究
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摘要
机械化保护性耕作是一项实现北方旱作农业可持续发展的综合的农业生态工程技术。机械化保护性耕作技术应用和推广的关键是免耕播种机的研制。本文针对新疆兵团地区在留有小麦根茬的未耕地上进行免耕播种,播种过程中工作部件堵塞等问题,设计出机械式免耕精量播种机。该机能够一次完成破茬、开沟、施肥、精量播种、镇压等工序。田间通过性较好,结构简单,功耗低,工作性能稳定,能够满足新疆兵团地区茬地免耕农艺要求。
设计的主动防堵装置能起到拨切秸秆的作用,能够有效清理破茬开沟器前的秸秆,防堵效果好,并且采用链传动结构,通过地轮驱动,动力消耗低,有利于发挥免耕播种的优势。
设计出刀刃破茬开沟器,入土能力强、对土壤扰动性小、破茬效果好,破茬平均深度达到10cm,破土宽度15cm左右。其两侧安装的翼片能够将残茬滑切到沟两侧,为后续跟进的双圆盘开沟器疏松土壤,创造良好的种床环境。
采用二次投种方式。使用机械夹持式精量排种器实现精量投种,然后通过下种管落入双圆盘开沟器开出的种沟内。通过台架试验证明：排种器作业速度在3-4km/h,播种质量较为理想,穴播单粒率可达到94.3%,重播率为3.13%,空穴率为2.57%,种子破损率为0。
运用SolidWorkds建立了虚拟样机；运用ANSYS对关键部件进行有限元分析；运用ADAMS对免耕精量播种机的排种部件进行运动和动力学仿真,确定其结构参数的最优组合。
通过田间试验表明机械式免耕精量播种机的田间通过性良好,整机工作性能稳定：作业速度在3.5km/h时播种质量较好,其单粒率可达88.66%,重播率7.112%,空穴率4.224%,种子破损率为0,能够满足新疆兵团地区茬地免耕农艺要求。
Mechanization conservation tillage is a synthetical agricultural and ecological engineering technology of realizing sustainable development of north arid agriculture. The key to that is the research and design of no-tillage planters. This paper aiming No-tillage maize P1anter is working on the uncultivated land which was covered with wheat at the corps of Xingjiang region, Designed mechanical no-till semi-precise seeder. The planter can complete breaking crop、opening、fertilizing、precision seeding and so on for a time. The field through is good, simple structure, low power consumption, work stable performance, and can satisfy the corps of Xinjiang region to no-till agricultural demands.
Designed the anti-blocking device can rise to dial initiative the role of cut straw, can effectively clean break crop open ditch device of straw, prevent before, good effect, and a chain structure, through the land wheel drive, low power consumption, be helpful for play to the advantage of no-till seeding.
Designed the blade crop open ditch ware, broke ground on soil disturbance capability stubble effect is good, broken ground on average, depth of about 15cm 10cm width. The sides of the installation can be wing-ribs residue slide cut to ditch sides, for follow-up to double disc open ditch implement loose soil, and create a good kind of bed environment.
The second way to throw seeds. Use mechanical clamping type precise metering device, then realize precise shots through pipe fall into double disc under a kind of open ditch device in the trench. Through that bench test proved:metering device worked speed in 3-4km/h, sowing quality more ideal, the rate of single seed was 94.3%, the rate of multi-seed was 3.13%, the rate of missing seed was 2.57%, the rate of broken seed was 0.
Apply to set up virtual prototype SolidWorkds; Using ANSYS finite element analysis of key parts; Use of no-tillage semi-precise seeder ADAMS of the components are sports and dynamics simulation, determine its structural parameters of optimal combination.
Through field test showed that no-tillage precision planter through is good of field, the machine was stable of working performance:speed in 3.5km/h, sowing quality was better, the rate of single seed was 88.66%, the rate of multi-seed was 7.112%, the rate of missing seed was 4.224%, the rate of broken seed was 0, and it can satisfy the corps of Xinjiang region to no-till agricultural demands.
设计的主动防堵装置能起到拨切秸秆的作用,能够有效清理破茬开沟器前的秸秆,防堵效果好,并且采用链传动结构,通过地轮驱动,动力消耗低,有利于发挥免耕播种的优势。
设计出刀刃破茬开沟器,入土能力强、对土壤扰动性小、破茬效果好,破茬平均深度达到10cm,破土宽度15cm左右。其两侧安装的翼片能够将残茬滑切到沟两侧,为后续跟进的双圆盘开沟器疏松土壤,创造良好的种床环境。
采用二次投种方式。使用机械夹持式精量排种器实现精量投种,然后通过下种管落入双圆盘开沟器开出的种沟内。通过台架试验证明：排种器作业速度在3-4km/h,播种质量较为理想,穴播单粒率可达到94.3%,重播率为3.13%,空穴率为2.57%,种子破损率为0。
运用SolidWorkds建立了虚拟样机；运用ANSYS对关键部件进行有限元分析；运用ADAMS对免耕精量播种机的排种部件进行运动和动力学仿真,确定其结构参数的最优组合。
通过田间试验表明机械式免耕精量播种机的田间通过性良好,整机工作性能稳定：作业速度在3.5km/h时播种质量较好,其单粒率可达88.66%,重播率7.112%,空穴率4.224%,种子破损率为0,能够满足新疆兵团地区茬地免耕农艺要求。
Mechanization conservation tillage is a synthetical agricultural and ecological engineering technology of realizing sustainable development of north arid agriculture. The key to that is the research and design of no-tillage planters. This paper aiming No-tillage maize P1anter is working on the uncultivated land which was covered with wheat at the corps of Xingjiang region, Designed mechanical no-till semi-precise seeder. The planter can complete breaking crop、opening、fertilizing、precision seeding and so on for a time. The field through is good, simple structure, low power consumption, work stable performance, and can satisfy the corps of Xinjiang region to no-till agricultural demands.
Designed the anti-blocking device can rise to dial initiative the role of cut straw, can effectively clean break crop open ditch device of straw, prevent before, good effect, and a chain structure, through the land wheel drive, low power consumption, be helpful for play to the advantage of no-till seeding.
Designed the blade crop open ditch ware, broke ground on soil disturbance capability stubble effect is good, broken ground on average, depth of about 15cm 10cm width. The sides of the installation can be wing-ribs residue slide cut to ditch sides, for follow-up to double disc open ditch implement loose soil, and create a good kind of bed environment.
The second way to throw seeds. Use mechanical clamping type precise metering device, then realize precise shots through pipe fall into double disc under a kind of open ditch device in the trench. Through that bench test proved:metering device worked speed in 3-4km/h, sowing quality more ideal, the rate of single seed was 94.3%, the rate of multi-seed was 3.13%, the rate of missing seed was 2.57%, the rate of broken seed was 0.
Apply to set up virtual prototype SolidWorkds; Using ANSYS finite element analysis of key parts; Use of no-tillage semi-precise seeder ADAMS of the components are sports and dynamics simulation, determine its structural parameters of optimal combination.
Through field test showed that no-tillage precision planter through is good of field, the machine was stable of working performance:speed in 3.5km/h, sowing quality was better, the rate of single seed was 88.66%, the rate of multi-seed was 7.112%, the rate of missing seed was 4.224%, the rate of broken seed was 0, and it can satisfy the corps of Xinjiang region to no-till agricultural demands.
引文
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