基于室温磷光的H_2O_2传感器对H_2O_2的测定及固态［Ru（dpp）_3］［（4-Clph）_4B］_2的电致化学发光行为
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摘要
过氧化氢是一种重要的痕量气体,在空气中它扮演了重要的角色。此外,过氧化氢还广泛的应用于工业生产中。由于过量的过氧化氢是有害的,因此,一个灵敏的、可靠的过氧化氢检测方法在临床、食品、制药以及环境领域中十分重要。
近年来,已经报道了很多检测过氧化氢的方法,包括滴定法、分光光度法、荧光法、电化学法、化学发光法以及色谱法等。但是,基于室温磷光的过氧化氢传感器还未见报道。在此,我们用溶胶-凝胶法合成了磷光材料纳米TiO_2 / SiO_2复合物,当激发波长为403 nm时,该复合物在450 nm到650 nm范围内有一个很强的磷光吸收峰。在水溶液中存在其他常见离子、酸或者碱的情况下,该复合物的磷光能够被H_2O_2选择性的熄灭。因此,我们用纳米IiO_2/ SiO_2复合物为敏感材料制备了H_2O_2传感器。
当溶液中存在H_2O_2时,H_2O_2传感器的磷光强度随着溶液中H_2O_2浓度的增加而降低,当H_2O_2的浓度在7.0×10-7到7.0×10-2 mol/L时,H_2O_2浓度与磷光强度的下降程度呈线性关系。并且,其磷光能够在盐酸羟胺等强还原性溶液中恢复,此时,对H_2O_2溶液进行连续测定也出现了线性响应,H_2O_2浓度的线性范围为7.0×10-6到7.0×10-2 mol/L。
我们还讨论了基于纳米IiO_2/ SiO_2复合物室温磷光的H_2O_2传感器在加过氧化氢后的变化机理。文中指出复合物磷光消失的原因可能是由于H_2O_2的氧化作用,在Ti (IV)上生成了稳定的O-O。我们对它磷光恢复的条件和机理也作了研究。磷光恢复的原因是由于在还原剂的强还原作用下生成的O-O受到破坏,从而恢复到原来的状态。
H_2O_2的测定在酶反应中非常重要。我们通过测定酶催化反应过程中产生的H_2O_2的量,在葡萄糖氧化酶的存在的情况下,用此传感器可以初步判断溶液中葡萄糖的含量。当存在葡萄糖氧化酶时,滴加不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液,纳米IiO_2/ SiO_2复合物的颜色以及磷光强度都会发生改变。
我们还用这个H_2O_2传感器测定了两个商品中的H_2O_2浓度。我们提出的方法的测定结果同传统的滴定法一致,每个样品的相对标准偏(RSD)差小于7.0 %。测量结果显示此传感器能够用于实际样品中H_2O_2浓度的测定。
本文还研究了固态钌(II)络合物([Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2)在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极上的电致化学发光行为。我们用简单的方法将[Ru(dpp)3] [(4-Clph)4B]2固定在ITO电极上,用草酸钠作为共反应剂的时候,[Ru(dpp)3] [(4-Clph)4B]2能够获得强的、稳定的ECL信号。此电致化学发光行为在黑暗中能够用肉眼观察到。并且,[Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2不溶于水,不容易从ITO电极上剥离,因此该电极能够反复使用。此外,我们发现浓度很低的苯酚溶液(2.0×10-8 mol/L)能够使[Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2的ECL信号明显的降低,因此,它有可能测定更低浓度的酚类物质。
Hydrogen peroxide is an important trace gas that plays a significant role in the troposphere. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is also widely used in industrial process. The excess of hydrogen peroxide are hazardous, so, a sensitive and reliable detection method for hydrogen peroxide is of great importance in clinical, food, pharmaceutical and environmental fields.
In recent years, a great number of methods for H2O2 determination have been reported, including titrimetric, spectrophotometric, fluorescence, electrochemical, chemiluminescence, and chromatographic methods However, H2O2 sensor based on room-temperature phosphorescence is seldom reported. In this study, the phosphorescence material of nano TiO2/SiO_2 composite oxides which produces highly emissive broadband phosphorescence from 450 nm to 650 nm at an excitation wavelength of 403 nm was synthesized with sol-gel method, and it exhibited a remarkable selective phosphorescence quench toward hydrogen peroxide in the presence of common ions, acids, and bases in aqueous solution. So, we fabricate H_2O_2 sensor using nano TiO2/SiO_2 composite oxides as sensitive material.
In the presence of H_2O_2, the phosphorescence intensity of the H_2O_2 sensor is reduced gradually as H_2O_2 concentration increased. There are linear relationships between phosphorescence intensity and H_2O_2 concentration ranging from 7.0×10-7 to 7.0×10-2 mol/L. Moreover, the phosphorescence of the H_2O_2 sensor can be recovered in strong reducing agents, such as hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution and also exhibit good linear response in H_2O_2 concentration going from 7.0×10-6 to 7.0×10-2 mol/L of successive determination.
We studied the mechanism of the change of the H_2O_2 sensor based on room- temperature phosphorescence of TiO2/SiO_2 composite after adding H_2O_2. It suggested that the reason of disappearance of the phosphorescence after adding H_2O_2 is owe to formation of stability of O-O moieties on Ti(IV) species. We also studied the conditions and mechanism of phosphorescence recovery. The phosphorescence recovery of the composite is owe to the strong reducibility of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, which can destroy the O-O bond and make it reduction.
The determination of H_2O_2 is of great importance in enzyme reaction. We can determine the concentration of glucose in the prescence of glucose oxidase through determination of H_2O_2 producing during the process of the enzymatic catalytic reaction. In the presence of glucose oxidase, the color and the phosphorescence intensity change of nano TiO2/SiO_2 composite oxides also took place when different concentrations of glucose solution were added.
Using this H_2O_2 sensor, we can determinate the the H_2O_2 concentration in two commercial samples. Satisfactory agreement between the proposed method and titrimetric method was obtained and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was less than 7.0 % for each sample. The results indicate that the sensor is suitable for the determination of H_2O_2 real samples.
The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) based on solid-state Ruthenium (II) complexes ([Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2) on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrode is also described here. The proposed method used simple method to immobilize [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 on ITO electrode and [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 can obtain strong and stable ECL signals using oxalate as the co-reactant. The ECL could be observed with naked eye in dark room. Moreover, [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 was not dissolve in aqueous solution and will not cause leaching from the ITO electrode,so it can be used reproducibly. Further more, we found the obvious inhibition of [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 ECL by the very low phenol concentration (2.0×10-8 mol/L), so it has the potential possibility to determine lower concentration of phenolic compounds.
近年来,已经报道了很多检测过氧化氢的方法,包括滴定法、分光光度法、荧光法、电化学法、化学发光法以及色谱法等。但是,基于室温磷光的过氧化氢传感器还未见报道。在此,我们用溶胶-凝胶法合成了磷光材料纳米TiO_2 / SiO_2复合物,当激发波长为403 nm时,该复合物在450 nm到650 nm范围内有一个很强的磷光吸收峰。在水溶液中存在其他常见离子、酸或者碱的情况下,该复合物的磷光能够被H_2O_2选择性的熄灭。因此,我们用纳米IiO_2/ SiO_2复合物为敏感材料制备了H_2O_2传感器。
当溶液中存在H_2O_2时,H_2O_2传感器的磷光强度随着溶液中H_2O_2浓度的增加而降低,当H_2O_2的浓度在7.0×10-7到7.0×10-2 mol/L时,H_2O_2浓度与磷光强度的下降程度呈线性关系。并且,其磷光能够在盐酸羟胺等强还原性溶液中恢复,此时,对H_2O_2溶液进行连续测定也出现了线性响应,H_2O_2浓度的线性范围为7.0×10-6到7.0×10-2 mol/L。
我们还讨论了基于纳米IiO_2/ SiO_2复合物室温磷光的H_2O_2传感器在加过氧化氢后的变化机理。文中指出复合物磷光消失的原因可能是由于H_2O_2的氧化作用,在Ti (IV)上生成了稳定的O-O。我们对它磷光恢复的条件和机理也作了研究。磷光恢复的原因是由于在还原剂的强还原作用下生成的O-O受到破坏,从而恢复到原来的状态。
H_2O_2的测定在酶反应中非常重要。我们通过测定酶催化反应过程中产生的H_2O_2的量,在葡萄糖氧化酶的存在的情况下,用此传感器可以初步判断溶液中葡萄糖的含量。当存在葡萄糖氧化酶时,滴加不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液,纳米IiO_2/ SiO_2复合物的颜色以及磷光强度都会发生改变。
我们还用这个H_2O_2传感器测定了两个商品中的H_2O_2浓度。我们提出的方法的测定结果同传统的滴定法一致,每个样品的相对标准偏(RSD)差小于7.0 %。测量结果显示此传感器能够用于实际样品中H_2O_2浓度的测定。
本文还研究了固态钌(II)络合物([Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2)在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极上的电致化学发光行为。我们用简单的方法将[Ru(dpp)3] [(4-Clph)4B]2固定在ITO电极上,用草酸钠作为共反应剂的时候,[Ru(dpp)3] [(4-Clph)4B]2能够获得强的、稳定的ECL信号。此电致化学发光行为在黑暗中能够用肉眼观察到。并且,[Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2不溶于水,不容易从ITO电极上剥离,因此该电极能够反复使用。此外,我们发现浓度很低的苯酚溶液(2.0×10-8 mol/L)能够使[Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2的ECL信号明显的降低,因此,它有可能测定更低浓度的酚类物质。
Hydrogen peroxide is an important trace gas that plays a significant role in the troposphere. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is also widely used in industrial process. The excess of hydrogen peroxide are hazardous, so, a sensitive and reliable detection method for hydrogen peroxide is of great importance in clinical, food, pharmaceutical and environmental fields.
In recent years, a great number of methods for H2O2 determination have been reported, including titrimetric, spectrophotometric, fluorescence, electrochemical, chemiluminescence, and chromatographic methods However, H2O2 sensor based on room-temperature phosphorescence is seldom reported. In this study, the phosphorescence material of nano TiO2/SiO_2 composite oxides which produces highly emissive broadband phosphorescence from 450 nm to 650 nm at an excitation wavelength of 403 nm was synthesized with sol-gel method, and it exhibited a remarkable selective phosphorescence quench toward hydrogen peroxide in the presence of common ions, acids, and bases in aqueous solution. So, we fabricate H_2O_2 sensor using nano TiO2/SiO_2 composite oxides as sensitive material.
In the presence of H_2O_2, the phosphorescence intensity of the H_2O_2 sensor is reduced gradually as H_2O_2 concentration increased. There are linear relationships between phosphorescence intensity and H_2O_2 concentration ranging from 7.0×10-7 to 7.0×10-2 mol/L. Moreover, the phosphorescence of the H_2O_2 sensor can be recovered in strong reducing agents, such as hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution and also exhibit good linear response in H_2O_2 concentration going from 7.0×10-6 to 7.0×10-2 mol/L of successive determination.
We studied the mechanism of the change of the H_2O_2 sensor based on room- temperature phosphorescence of TiO2/SiO_2 composite after adding H_2O_2. It suggested that the reason of disappearance of the phosphorescence after adding H_2O_2 is owe to formation of stability of O-O moieties on Ti(IV) species. We also studied the conditions and mechanism of phosphorescence recovery. The phosphorescence recovery of the composite is owe to the strong reducibility of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, which can destroy the O-O bond and make it reduction.
The determination of H_2O_2 is of great importance in enzyme reaction. We can determine the concentration of glucose in the prescence of glucose oxidase through determination of H_2O_2 producing during the process of the enzymatic catalytic reaction. In the presence of glucose oxidase, the color and the phosphorescence intensity change of nano TiO2/SiO_2 composite oxides also took place when different concentrations of glucose solution were added.
Using this H_2O_2 sensor, we can determinate the the H_2O_2 concentration in two commercial samples. Satisfactory agreement between the proposed method and titrimetric method was obtained and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was less than 7.0 % for each sample. The results indicate that the sensor is suitable for the determination of H_2O_2 real samples.
The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) based on solid-state Ruthenium (II) complexes ([Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2) on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrode is also described here. The proposed method used simple method to immobilize [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 on ITO electrode and [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 can obtain strong and stable ECL signals using oxalate as the co-reactant. The ECL could be observed with naked eye in dark room. Moreover, [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 was not dissolve in aqueous solution and will not cause leaching from the ITO electrode,so it can be used reproducibly. Further more, we found the obvious inhibition of [Ru(dpp)_3][(4-Clph)_4B]_2 ECL by the very low phenol concentration (2.0×10-8 mol/L), so it has the potential possibility to determine lower concentration of phenolic compounds.
引文
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