即时合成MgAl_(13)-LDH处理高氟水的实验研究
摘要
氟是人类不可缺少的微量元素之一,但含量和条件的差异会使其产生不同甚至截然相反的效果。一般来讲,在地下水中,当F<0.5mg/l时,会产生龋齿病,1～1.5mg/l时,容易患斑釉齿,3-6mg/l时,就会产生氟中毒,引起骨骼变形,称为“氟骨病”,超过10mg/l时,就会产生致残的氟骨病。
这种高氟水在我国西北地区的分布十分广泛,饮用高氟水会引起人体劳动能力的丧失。这不仅严重危害着当地人民的身体健康,也制约着当地的经济发展。因此,对高氟水的净化、处理就引起了人们的高度关注,固体吸附法是处理含氟水的有效办法。
层状双氢氧化物(layer double hydroxide,简称LDH),其结构类似水镁石的层状结构,层间的阴离子可以与外界的其它阴离子交换,因而LDH具有优异的阴离子交换性能,在对高氟水的处理方面具有一定的优越性。以常规的镁铝型LDH、锌铝型LDH以及镁铁型LDH等为吸附剂处理高氟水的研究已渐渐成熟,并也卓有成效。
本论文提出了以Al13代替Al3+与Mg2+即时合成LDH,系统研究了以Al13即时合成的镁铝型LDH在处理高氟水的影响因素和较优反应条件,然后将其与以AlCl3即时合成的镁铝型LDH进行对比。首先在实验中研究了pH值、Mg/Al/Ca的浓度、F-的初始浓度等因素对于氟离子去除率的影响规律,然后又采用北大自来水为水样,进一步讨论LDH在实际水体中的处理效果。最后,在之前实验的基础上,确定最优反应条件,对比以Al13即时合成的镁铝型LDH和以AlCl3即时合成的镁铝型LDH处理效果的有效性。得出了以Al13即时合成的镁铝型LDH比以AlCl3即时合成的镁铝型LDH对F-的去除率更优。
Fluoride is one of the essential trace element to human, but the differences in content and conditions will lead different effects or even opposite effects. In general, in the groundwater, when F<0.5mg/l, will make people to have a dental caries,1-1.5 mg/l,will easy to get the mottled teeth,3-6mg/l, it will have fluorosis,lead to skeletal deformities, referred to as "osteofluorosis",and more than 10mg/l, it will lead disabled.
The high fluoride water are widely spread in the Northwest of China, drinking the high fluoride water will cause the loss of the work ability. This is not only severely impair the health of the local people,also restrict the local economic development.Therefore, high fluoride water purification, treatment has elicited great concern, adsorption method is an effective means of dealing with fluorinated water.
Layered double hydroxides (LDH), its structure is similar to the layered structure of brucite interlayer anions and other anions can be exchanged with the outside world, which LDH has excellent performance anion exchange, in the high fluoride water treatment has some advantages.The conventional Mg-Al type LDH, Zn-Al type LDH and Mg-Fe type LDH as the adsorbent of high fluoride water have gradually matured and is also effective.
This paper we proposed to use Mg-Al13 LDH instead of Mg-AlCl3 LDH and studied the factors and optimum reaction conditions of Mg-Al13 LDH in dealing with high fluoride water.Then compared with the Mg-AlCl3 LDH, Treatment effect of Mg-Al13 LDH is better First experiment studied the pH value, Mg/Al/Ca concentration, F-concentration on the initial, which impact with the removal of the law. And then use tap water of Peking University as the water samples, make a further discussion about the actual treatment effect of LDH in the water. Finally, on the basis of previous experiments, determine the optimal reaction conditions and Compared Mg-Al13 LDH with Mg-AlCl3 LDH. We obtained that it is better to useing Mg-Al13 LDH to remove F-
这种高氟水在我国西北地区的分布十分广泛,饮用高氟水会引起人体劳动能力的丧失。这不仅严重危害着当地人民的身体健康,也制约着当地的经济发展。因此,对高氟水的净化、处理就引起了人们的高度关注,固体吸附法是处理含氟水的有效办法。
层状双氢氧化物(layer double hydroxide,简称LDH),其结构类似水镁石的层状结构,层间的阴离子可以与外界的其它阴离子交换,因而LDH具有优异的阴离子交换性能,在对高氟水的处理方面具有一定的优越性。以常规的镁铝型LDH、锌铝型LDH以及镁铁型LDH等为吸附剂处理高氟水的研究已渐渐成熟,并也卓有成效。
本论文提出了以Al13代替Al3+与Mg2+即时合成LDH,系统研究了以Al13即时合成的镁铝型LDH在处理高氟水的影响因素和较优反应条件,然后将其与以AlCl3即时合成的镁铝型LDH进行对比。首先在实验中研究了pH值、Mg/Al/Ca的浓度、F-的初始浓度等因素对于氟离子去除率的影响规律,然后又采用北大自来水为水样,进一步讨论LDH在实际水体中的处理效果。最后,在之前实验的基础上,确定最优反应条件,对比以Al13即时合成的镁铝型LDH和以AlCl3即时合成的镁铝型LDH处理效果的有效性。得出了以Al13即时合成的镁铝型LDH比以AlCl3即时合成的镁铝型LDH对F-的去除率更优。
Fluoride is one of the essential trace element to human, but the differences in content and conditions will lead different effects or even opposite effects. In general, in the groundwater, when F<0.5mg/l, will make people to have a dental caries,1-1.5 mg/l,will easy to get the mottled teeth,3-6mg/l, it will have fluorosis,lead to skeletal deformities, referred to as "osteofluorosis",and more than 10mg/l, it will lead disabled.
The high fluoride water are widely spread in the Northwest of China, drinking the high fluoride water will cause the loss of the work ability. This is not only severely impair the health of the local people,also restrict the local economic development.Therefore, high fluoride water purification, treatment has elicited great concern, adsorption method is an effective means of dealing with fluorinated water.
Layered double hydroxides (LDH), its structure is similar to the layered structure of brucite interlayer anions and other anions can be exchanged with the outside world, which LDH has excellent performance anion exchange, in the high fluoride water treatment has some advantages.The conventional Mg-Al type LDH, Zn-Al type LDH and Mg-Fe type LDH as the adsorbent of high fluoride water have gradually matured and is also effective.
This paper we proposed to use Mg-Al13 LDH instead of Mg-AlCl3 LDH and studied the factors and optimum reaction conditions of Mg-Al13 LDH in dealing with high fluoride water.Then compared with the Mg-AlCl3 LDH, Treatment effect of Mg-Al13 LDH is better First experiment studied the pH value, Mg/Al/Ca concentration, F-concentration on the initial, which impact with the removal of the law. And then use tap water of Peking University as the water samples, make a further discussion about the actual treatment effect of LDH in the water. Finally, on the basis of previous experiments, determine the optimal reaction conditions and Compared Mg-Al13 LDH with Mg-AlCl3 LDH. We obtained that it is better to useing Mg-Al13 LDH to remove F-
引文
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[3]龚文娟，黄鸿雁,李素娟等.两种必需微量非金属元素的生物功能[J].微量元素与健康研究,2001,18(3)：77-78
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[5]李端生.环境氟与人体健康一致世界卫生组织的一封公开信[J].吉林地质,2002,21(3)：99-105
[6]云中杰,陈培忠,边建朝等.山东省地方性氟中毒防治工作现状[J].中国公共卫生,2004,20(2)：203-204
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[8]徐志鑫,王秀林,刘建臣等.北京市昌平区高氟村水氟含量回升问题探讨[J].中华流行病学杂志,2003,24(8)：750
[9]王军义,陈少贤,邹志方等.广东省饮水型氟病区改水降氟阶段效果评价[J].中国初级卫生保健,2004,18(8)：36-38
[10]陈培忠,云中杰,马爱华等.山东省2002—2003年地方性氟中毒检测分析[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(9)：1117-1118
[11]马景,陶跃华,吕胜敏等.南水北调供水前河北省地方性氟中毒环境因素调查[J].地方病通报,2003,18(2)：35-37
[12]范中学,刘晓莉,李跃等.2002年陕西省高氟区儿童牙齿损害情况调查[J].地方病通报,2004,19(1)：43-44
[13]张莉,余波,刘洋等.豫北五市居民饮水含氟普查结果分析[J].河南预防医院杂志,2005,16(5)：283-294
[14]韩笃菊,谢忠元,张昌庆.济南市区济阳、商河两县地方性氟中毒调查分析[J].实用预防医院,2004,11(3)：579-580
[15]刘炯,郑照霞,林世刚等.辽宁省改水除氟工程运行现状调查分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,2005,24(5)：554-556
[16]余秋生,于艳青,尹秉喜等.宁夏地氟病与原生地球化学环境的研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2005,4(3)：218-224
[17]WangXC Fluorine eontaminantion of ground water and its impact on human health in Inner Mongolia area[J].WaterSRT.Aque,1999,48 (4):1462153-1
[18]姜玉亭,张梅烈,葛金相等.不同氟浓度与老年人群骨折关系调查研究[J].疾病控制杂志,2004,8(6)：531-533
[19]马学会,黄仁录,张忠远,冯自科,动物必需的矿物元素-镁[J].中国饲养,2003,18
[20]莫志亚,卢振明,乔广贤等.氟中毒大鼠不同系统损害的超微结构观察[J].中国地方病学杂志,2005,24(5)
[21]崔亚南,徐辉,张桂珍.氟中毒的肾损伤的图像分析研究[JJ.中国体视学与图像分析,2003,8(1)：30-32
[22]刘俊玲,夏涛,余要勇等.饮水氟含量和儿童肾损伤的的暴露—效应关系[J].卫生研究,2005,34(3)：287-288
[23]Maehoy—MokrzynskaA.Fluorine in toxicology, medicine and encironment Protection[J].Fluorine, 1999,32 (4):248-250
[24]汤鸿霄.无机高分子絮凝理论与絮凝剂.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[25]张自杰.废水处理理论与设计.北京：中国建筑出版社,2002
[26]Keith E Dennett.Coagulation.Its effect on organic matter[J].JAWWA,1996,13(4):129-142
[27]王东升,刘海龙,晏明全,余剑锋,汤鸿霄.强化混凝与优化混凝：必要性、研究进展和发展方向[J].环境科学学报,2006,(04)
[28]Yan M.Q., Wang D.S. et al., Enhanced softening with polyaluminum chloride on the typical micro-polluted and high hardness North-China surface waters. Sep. Purif. Technol. Tobias Stefan Rotting,et. Environ. Sci. Technol.2006,40,6438-6443
[29]郭如新.氢氧化镁在工业废水处理中的应用[J].工业水处理,2004,32(2)：1-4
[30]郭如新.氧化镁、氢氧化镁在环保领域中的应用[J].江苏化工,2000,20(2)：1-4
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