爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土过程的试验研究及数值仿真
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摘要
由多级爆燃助推机构串联组成的爆燃助推钻地弹是一种新概念钻地弹,通过多级火药燃烧助推能够得到更深的侵彻深度。本文运用试验研究和数值模拟等方法全面系统地研究了爆燃助推钻地弹对混凝土目标的侵彻过程,给爆燃助推钻地弹的研制提供重要参考和理论依据。本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面：
1)研究了碎裂区混凝土的运动及损伤情况。设计缩比试验,制作了彩色分层混凝土靶体,侵彻后将靶体切开,依据混凝土不同的颜色观察到弹孔周边3倍以上弹径的混凝土区域发生了位移,根据切割断面的干湿分界线判断出混凝土碎裂区的损伤情况。用LS-DYNA软件进行了仿真,得到与试验结果相近的数据,再将此种仿真方法扩展到真实弹的侵彻研究上,得到了碎裂区混凝土的运动及损伤情况,为爆燃助推机构设计方案的制定提供了重要参考。
2)研究了爆燃助推机构的点火延时并建立了内弹道模型。开展了双药室延时点火试验,测量了两个药室的压力变化情况,讨论了小孔延时点火部件的作用过程和各药室内压力的变化规律。建立了相应的内弹道计算模型并进行了计算,通过将理论计算的压力曲线与试验测得的曲线进行对比分析,证实了模型的正确性,并根据此方法建立了爆燃助推机构工作的内弹道模型,为多级助推机构的合理配合提供了设计依据。
3)研究了爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土的阻力公式并建立了工程计算模型。基于经典的空腔膨胀解析模型,考虑侵彻过程中弹丸加速度对侵彻阻力的影响,参考Li和Chen给出的Forrestal阻力修正模型,求得被他们研究中忽略了的对阻力有影响的加速度项,提出了一种能够适用于助推钻地弹的侵彻混凝土半经验阻力计算公式。结合爆燃助推机构的内弹道模型,建立了爆燃助推侵彻过程的工程计算模型。
4)建立了爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土过程的数值仿真模型。采用LS-DYNA程序进行了爆燃助推钻地弹动能侵彻混凝土过程的三维数值模拟研究,确定了合理的有限元仿真模型,选取了合适的材料模型和参数。根据本文的研究现状,选取内弹道模型仿真爆燃助推过程,确定了与数值仿真模型的数据交换方式并对三级爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土的过程进行了数值模拟。
5)开展了三级爆燃助推钻地弹动能及爆燃助推侵彻混凝土的试验研究。动能侵彻试验验证了弹丸结构及各主要部件能够承受动能侵彻过载,为理论研究中参数变量等的选取提供了试验数据。爆燃助推侵彻能增加近20%的侵彻深度,试验表明爆燃助推增侵原理是完全可行的,总体设计方案是合理的,也验证了文中建立的计算模型的正确性。
6)对爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻深度的影响因素进行了研究。通过计算得出了在弹丸设计时引信点火时刻、小孔点火延时、弹丸各级质量分布、弹丸各级爆燃助推机构内火药装药量分布及各级火药种类的选择等几个主要技术要点对增加弹丸侵彻深度的影响,提出了这些技术要点的一般设计原则,并提出了三级爆燃助推钻地弹的改进设计方案。
The deflagration boosting projectile, which is composed of multi-stage deflagration boosting mechanisms, is a new concept Earth Penetrating Weapon. Owing to the multi-stage deflagration boosting, it can obtain much deeper penetration depth. Through experimental methods and numerical simulations, the process that deflagration boosting projectile penetrates into concrete targets is across-the-board researched in this dissertation, and the research results can afford some important reference and theoretical basis for the manufacturing of deflagration boosting projectile. The followings are the main contents of this dissertation:
1) The movement and damage situations of the fracture-zone concrete are researched. In the research, the subscale test is designed and multilayer colorized concrete target is made. After been penetrated by the kinetic energy projectile, the target is cut. Because the concrete in different part has different color, the displacement of the concrete in the region which is the part surrounding the bullet-hole and is more than triple projectile diameter is easily found. Basing on dry and wet dividing line on the concrete cut surface, the damage of the fracture zone is obtained. The experiment is simulated with LS-DYNA3D, and the numerical analysis tallies closely the experiment. Then the simulation study method is used in the penetrating study of the real projectile, and the movement and damage situations of the fracture-zone concrete are obtained. It affords some important references for design of the deflagration boosting mechanism.
2) The keyhole delayed ignition technology in deflagration boosting mechanism is researched, and its interior ballistics model is established. The interior ballistic experiment of double-chamber fire mechanism is done, and the changing situations of pressure in two chambers are measured in the experiment. Then the working process of the keyhole delayed ignition device and the change laws of pressure in each chamber are discussed. After that, the interior ballistics model is established and the calculation is done. Comparing the pressure-time curve which is obtained by the theoretic calculation with the curve which is measured in the experiment, it shows that the model is correct. So the interior ballistics model of the deflagration boosting mechanism is established by this method.
3) The semi-empirical calculation formula of penetration resistance which can be used for deflagration boosting projectile penetrating into concrete targets is researched, and its engineering calculation model is established. Li and Chen deduce the Forrestal resistance modified model, but the acceleration term affecting the resistance is ignored in their researches. Basing on the cavity-expansion theory and considering the influences of projectile acceleration on penetration resistance in the penetrating process, it solves the acceleration term and deduces the semi-empirical calculation formula of penetration resistance. Then combining the study of the interior ballistics model, the engineering calculation model of the penetrating process is established.
4) The numerical simulation model of the Process that deflagration boosting projectile penetrating into concrete targets is established. The process is simulated with LS-DYNA3D. The model which is built in finite element simulation is reasonable and the material model which is chosen is suitable. Then combining the research of this dissertation, the interior ballistics model is used to simulate the deflagration boosting process, and the technique of data exchange in simulation is determined. After that, the penetrating process is simulated.
5) The kinetic energy and deflagration boosting penetrating into concrete targets experiments of the three-level deflagration boosting projectile are done. The kinetic energy penetrating experiment not only verifies that the projectile structure and the main components can endure the overload in the kinetic energy penetrating, but also provides the test data for the parameter selection in the theoretical research. The deflagration boosting penetrating experiment shows that the penetration depth increases by nearly20%through the deflagration boosting, the design scheme is rational, and the model is proper.
6) The research of influence factor in the deflagration boosting projectile's penetration depth is done. Through the calculation, the influences of technical points on penetration depth are researched. The technical points include the ignition timing of fuse, the keyhole delayed ignition, the mass distribution of the projectile, the charge weight of each deflagration boosting mechanism distribution, the species of gunpowder, and so on. Also the design principles of technical points are obtained. Then improved design scheme of the three-level deflagration boosting projectile is put forward.
1)研究了碎裂区混凝土的运动及损伤情况。设计缩比试验,制作了彩色分层混凝土靶体,侵彻后将靶体切开,依据混凝土不同的颜色观察到弹孔周边3倍以上弹径的混凝土区域发生了位移,根据切割断面的干湿分界线判断出混凝土碎裂区的损伤情况。用LS-DYNA软件进行了仿真,得到与试验结果相近的数据,再将此种仿真方法扩展到真实弹的侵彻研究上,得到了碎裂区混凝土的运动及损伤情况,为爆燃助推机构设计方案的制定提供了重要参考。
2)研究了爆燃助推机构的点火延时并建立了内弹道模型。开展了双药室延时点火试验,测量了两个药室的压力变化情况,讨论了小孔延时点火部件的作用过程和各药室内压力的变化规律。建立了相应的内弹道计算模型并进行了计算,通过将理论计算的压力曲线与试验测得的曲线进行对比分析,证实了模型的正确性,并根据此方法建立了爆燃助推机构工作的内弹道模型,为多级助推机构的合理配合提供了设计依据。
3)研究了爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土的阻力公式并建立了工程计算模型。基于经典的空腔膨胀解析模型,考虑侵彻过程中弹丸加速度对侵彻阻力的影响,参考Li和Chen给出的Forrestal阻力修正模型,求得被他们研究中忽略了的对阻力有影响的加速度项,提出了一种能够适用于助推钻地弹的侵彻混凝土半经验阻力计算公式。结合爆燃助推机构的内弹道模型,建立了爆燃助推侵彻过程的工程计算模型。
4)建立了爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土过程的数值仿真模型。采用LS-DYNA程序进行了爆燃助推钻地弹动能侵彻混凝土过程的三维数值模拟研究,确定了合理的有限元仿真模型,选取了合适的材料模型和参数。根据本文的研究现状,选取内弹道模型仿真爆燃助推过程,确定了与数值仿真模型的数据交换方式并对三级爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻混凝土的过程进行了数值模拟。
5)开展了三级爆燃助推钻地弹动能及爆燃助推侵彻混凝土的试验研究。动能侵彻试验验证了弹丸结构及各主要部件能够承受动能侵彻过载,为理论研究中参数变量等的选取提供了试验数据。爆燃助推侵彻能增加近20%的侵彻深度,试验表明爆燃助推增侵原理是完全可行的,总体设计方案是合理的,也验证了文中建立的计算模型的正确性。
6)对爆燃助推钻地弹侵彻深度的影响因素进行了研究。通过计算得出了在弹丸设计时引信点火时刻、小孔点火延时、弹丸各级质量分布、弹丸各级爆燃助推机构内火药装药量分布及各级火药种类的选择等几个主要技术要点对增加弹丸侵彻深度的影响,提出了这些技术要点的一般设计原则,并提出了三级爆燃助推钻地弹的改进设计方案。
The deflagration boosting projectile, which is composed of multi-stage deflagration boosting mechanisms, is a new concept Earth Penetrating Weapon. Owing to the multi-stage deflagration boosting, it can obtain much deeper penetration depth. Through experimental methods and numerical simulations, the process that deflagration boosting projectile penetrates into concrete targets is across-the-board researched in this dissertation, and the research results can afford some important reference and theoretical basis for the manufacturing of deflagration boosting projectile. The followings are the main contents of this dissertation:
1) The movement and damage situations of the fracture-zone concrete are researched. In the research, the subscale test is designed and multilayer colorized concrete target is made. After been penetrated by the kinetic energy projectile, the target is cut. Because the concrete in different part has different color, the displacement of the concrete in the region which is the part surrounding the bullet-hole and is more than triple projectile diameter is easily found. Basing on dry and wet dividing line on the concrete cut surface, the damage of the fracture zone is obtained. The experiment is simulated with LS-DYNA3D, and the numerical analysis tallies closely the experiment. Then the simulation study method is used in the penetrating study of the real projectile, and the movement and damage situations of the fracture-zone concrete are obtained. It affords some important references for design of the deflagration boosting mechanism.
2) The keyhole delayed ignition technology in deflagration boosting mechanism is researched, and its interior ballistics model is established. The interior ballistic experiment of double-chamber fire mechanism is done, and the changing situations of pressure in two chambers are measured in the experiment. Then the working process of the keyhole delayed ignition device and the change laws of pressure in each chamber are discussed. After that, the interior ballistics model is established and the calculation is done. Comparing the pressure-time curve which is obtained by the theoretic calculation with the curve which is measured in the experiment, it shows that the model is correct. So the interior ballistics model of the deflagration boosting mechanism is established by this method.
3) The semi-empirical calculation formula of penetration resistance which can be used for deflagration boosting projectile penetrating into concrete targets is researched, and its engineering calculation model is established. Li and Chen deduce the Forrestal resistance modified model, but the acceleration term affecting the resistance is ignored in their researches. Basing on the cavity-expansion theory and considering the influences of projectile acceleration on penetration resistance in the penetrating process, it solves the acceleration term and deduces the semi-empirical calculation formula of penetration resistance. Then combining the study of the interior ballistics model, the engineering calculation model of the penetrating process is established.
4) The numerical simulation model of the Process that deflagration boosting projectile penetrating into concrete targets is established. The process is simulated with LS-DYNA3D. The model which is built in finite element simulation is reasonable and the material model which is chosen is suitable. Then combining the research of this dissertation, the interior ballistics model is used to simulate the deflagration boosting process, and the technique of data exchange in simulation is determined. After that, the penetrating process is simulated.
5) The kinetic energy and deflagration boosting penetrating into concrete targets experiments of the three-level deflagration boosting projectile are done. The kinetic energy penetrating experiment not only verifies that the projectile structure and the main components can endure the overload in the kinetic energy penetrating, but also provides the test data for the parameter selection in the theoretical research. The deflagration boosting penetrating experiment shows that the penetration depth increases by nearly20%through the deflagration boosting, the design scheme is rational, and the model is proper.
6) The research of influence factor in the deflagration boosting projectile's penetration depth is done. Through the calculation, the influences of technical points on penetration depth are researched. The technical points include the ignition timing of fuse, the keyhole delayed ignition, the mass distribution of the projectile, the charge weight of each deflagration boosting mechanism distribution, the species of gunpowder, and so on. Also the design principles of technical points are obtained. Then improved design scheme of the three-level deflagration boosting projectile is put forward.
引文
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