井冈霉素生测方法及复配研究
摘要
水稻纹枯病(Thanatephorus cucumeris)是世界性的水稻病害之一,该病在湖南省发生为害严重,已成为夺取水稻高产、稳产的主要障碍。本研究采用室内生物测定和田间小区试验相结合的方法,研究了多菌灵、福美双、满穗、井冈霉素等药剂以及不同配比对水稻纹枯病的联合作用。得到如下结果:
1、离体茎段浸药法是测验井冈霉素生物活性的最佳方法
通过菌丝生长抑制法、离体茎段内吸法、离体茎段浸药法3种生测方法对水稻纹枯病进行了室内生测试验,试验结果表明,井冈霉素在内吸试验中的Ec50最大,在菌丝生长抑制试验中次之,在浸药试验中最小,这就说明在浸药试验中,井冈霉素表现的生物活性最强,与井冈霉素在大田中的防治效果最接近,所以用离体茎段浸药法是测验井冈霉素生物活性的最佳方法。
2、通过室内毒力测定,研究发现,多菌灵、福美双和福美双多菌灵混混剂对纹枯病菌都有较强的抑制作用,Ec50值分别为2.68μg/mL,3.05μg/mL,1.80μg/mL,两者共毒力系数为164.9。而井冈霉素、满穗及满穗井冈霉素混剂的Ec50值分别为17.94μg/mL,0.1789μg/mL,0.9727μg/mL,两者共毒力系数为1097.8,明显优于福美双多菌灵混剂。因此选择井冈霉素满穗混剂作为田间药效试验药剂。
3、满穗与井冈霉素混合施用对水稻纹枯病具有较高的防治效果
满穗与井冈霉素混合施用明显优于井冈霉素的效果。在用药量减少的情况下满穗与井冈霉素混剂与满穗在推荐用量下单用的防病效果和增产效果相当,可大大降低成本,减少农药污染。虽然满穗与井冈霉素混剂1的防治效果(87.5%)要高于满穗与井冈霉素混剂2的防治效果(84.6%),但在增产方面,满穗与井冈霉素混剂2要高于满穗与井冈霉素混剂1,综合考虑,推荐用药组合为满穗与井冈霉素混剂2,即满穗与井冈霉素液(满穗和井冈霉素有效成分比例为1:100)每亩用量50mL,加水50Kg喷施。
Rice sheath blight caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris is one of the major rice diseases in the world. In Hunan Province, rice sheath blight is the main obstacle to limit high and rice, stable yield. In this study, different combined ratio of carbendazim, thiram, Manshui, Jinggangmycin were used to investigate their effecacy to rice sheath blight approved through the laboratory bioassay and field experiment . The results are as follows:
1. In vitro stem with soaking is the best method for expression of the biological activity of Jinggang mycin
Three bioassay methods mycelium growth inhibition test, in vitro stem absorption test and in vitro stem soaking Jinggangmycin were used to text activity of Jinggangmycin to T. cucumeris. The results showed that the Ec50 value of Jinggangmycin is largest for the in vitro stem absorbtion test, mycelium growth inhibition test is the second. The smallest Ec50 value is the in vitro stem soaked test, reflecting the field control of Jinggangmycin.
2. In Laboratory test, this research studied the toxicity test of diferent pestiside The result indicate Carbendazim, Thiram and well-being of more than sheath blight fungus has a strong inhibitory effect, Ec50 values were 2.68μg/mL, 3.05μg/mL, 1.80μg/mL ,The values of two virulence factor were 164.9. The Ec50 value of the Jinggangmycin, Shui Po and the mixture were 17.94μg/mL, 0.1789μg/mL, 0.9727μg/mL, a total of two virulence factor of 1097.8, much better than the former mixture. Therefore choose Jinggangmycin Shui Po as a mixture of the field trial.
3. The mixture of Man Sui and Jinggangmycin (M-J) has high effect to protect rice sheath blight, and is better than Jinggangmycin alone. when reduce the dosage, M-J has the same effect with Man Sui in a recommended amount. This also can save the costs and reduce pesticide pollution. Although the control effect of M-J 1 (87.5 %) is higher than that of the M-J 2 (84.6%), but for increasing rice production, B-J 1 is better than M-J 2. According to these results, we recommend that it is suitable to use M-J 2, (Man Sui mixed with Jinggangmycin by 1:100 of active ingredients), 50mL/667m2 , add water 50Kg for spraying.
1、离体茎段浸药法是测验井冈霉素生物活性的最佳方法
通过菌丝生长抑制法、离体茎段内吸法、离体茎段浸药法3种生测方法对水稻纹枯病进行了室内生测试验,试验结果表明,井冈霉素在内吸试验中的Ec50最大,在菌丝生长抑制试验中次之,在浸药试验中最小,这就说明在浸药试验中,井冈霉素表现的生物活性最强,与井冈霉素在大田中的防治效果最接近,所以用离体茎段浸药法是测验井冈霉素生物活性的最佳方法。
2、通过室内毒力测定,研究发现,多菌灵、福美双和福美双多菌灵混混剂对纹枯病菌都有较强的抑制作用,Ec50值分别为2.68μg/mL,3.05μg/mL,1.80μg/mL,两者共毒力系数为164.9。而井冈霉素、满穗及满穗井冈霉素混剂的Ec50值分别为17.94μg/mL,0.1789μg/mL,0.9727μg/mL,两者共毒力系数为1097.8,明显优于福美双多菌灵混剂。因此选择井冈霉素满穗混剂作为田间药效试验药剂。
3、满穗与井冈霉素混合施用对水稻纹枯病具有较高的防治效果
满穗与井冈霉素混合施用明显优于井冈霉素的效果。在用药量减少的情况下满穗与井冈霉素混剂与满穗在推荐用量下单用的防病效果和增产效果相当,可大大降低成本,减少农药污染。虽然满穗与井冈霉素混剂1的防治效果(87.5%)要高于满穗与井冈霉素混剂2的防治效果(84.6%),但在增产方面,满穗与井冈霉素混剂2要高于满穗与井冈霉素混剂1,综合考虑,推荐用药组合为满穗与井冈霉素混剂2,即满穗与井冈霉素液(满穗和井冈霉素有效成分比例为1:100)每亩用量50mL,加水50Kg喷施。
Rice sheath blight caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris is one of the major rice diseases in the world. In Hunan Province, rice sheath blight is the main obstacle to limit high and rice, stable yield. In this study, different combined ratio of carbendazim, thiram, Manshui, Jinggangmycin were used to investigate their effecacy to rice sheath blight approved through the laboratory bioassay and field experiment . The results are as follows:
1. In vitro stem with soaking is the best method for expression of the biological activity of Jinggang mycin
Three bioassay methods mycelium growth inhibition test, in vitro stem absorption test and in vitro stem soaking Jinggangmycin were used to text activity of Jinggangmycin to T. cucumeris. The results showed that the Ec50 value of Jinggangmycin is largest for the in vitro stem absorbtion test, mycelium growth inhibition test is the second. The smallest Ec50 value is the in vitro stem soaked test, reflecting the field control of Jinggangmycin.
2. In Laboratory test, this research studied the toxicity test of diferent pestiside The result indicate Carbendazim, Thiram and well-being of more than sheath blight fungus has a strong inhibitory effect, Ec50 values were 2.68μg/mL, 3.05μg/mL, 1.80μg/mL ,The values of two virulence factor were 164.9. The Ec50 value of the Jinggangmycin, Shui Po and the mixture were 17.94μg/mL, 0.1789μg/mL, 0.9727μg/mL, a total of two virulence factor of 1097.8, much better than the former mixture. Therefore choose Jinggangmycin Shui Po as a mixture of the field trial.
3. The mixture of Man Sui and Jinggangmycin (M-J) has high effect to protect rice sheath blight, and is better than Jinggangmycin alone. when reduce the dosage, M-J has the same effect with Man Sui in a recommended amount. This also can save the costs and reduce pesticide pollution. Although the control effect of M-J 1 (87.5 %) is higher than that of the M-J 2 (84.6%), but for increasing rice production, B-J 1 is better than M-J 2. According to these results, we recommend that it is suitable to use M-J 2, (Man Sui mixed with Jinggangmycin by 1:100 of active ingredients), 50mL/667m2 , add water 50Kg for spraying.
引文
[1]王寒梅,但芳.水稻纹枯病的发生与防治[J].安徽农业科学,2007(01):3-4.
[2]沈寅初.井冈霉素研究开发25年[J].植物保护,1996,22(4):44-45.
[3]易图永,高必达,洪艳云.四种拮抗细菌对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制因子[J].中国生物防治,2002(03):135-138.
[4]强中发,陈占全,高淑敏.应用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂拌种防治青稞云纹病[J].植物保护,1996(05):25.
[5]陈利锋,徐敬友.农业植物病理学(南方本)[M].中国农业出版社,中国北京:2001.
[6]彭少裘.水稻纹枯病及其防治[M].上海科学技术出版社,中国上海:1986.
[7]刘胜玖.水稻纹枯病的发生与防治[J].现代农业科技,2007,(18):84.
[8]何霭如,郭建夫.水稻纹枯病的发生及防治[J].安徽农业科学,2007(04):996-997.
[9]檀根甲,陈莉,胡道平,杨勇.水稻纹枯病菌菌核存活力及地下侵染的研究[J].菌物系统,2000(01):142-145.
[10]王寒梅,但芳.水稻纹枯病的发生与防治[J].安徽农业科学,2007,(01):140.
[11]张素华,李树正,程功,钱永康.Pencycuron防治水稻纹枯病的研究[J].华北农学报,1988(02):64-69.
[12]王振荣,王德好,章万顺,钱良玉.美洲星液肥对水稻纹枯病的控制作用[J].现代农业科技(上半月刊),2006(06):136.
[13]官山英.水稻纹枯病发生规律及综防技术[J].现代农业科技,2007(17):96-113.
[14]郭建夫,黄永相,袁红旭.基因枪法转基因水稻后代主要性状的多元遗传分析[J].种子,2007(01):1-5.
[15]俞洪丽.水稻纹枯病的防治措施[J].天津农林科技,2004,(06):26.
[16]潘学彪.两个水稻改良抗源对纹枯病抗性的遗传研究[J].江苏农业研究,1997(02):2-7.
[17]黄世文,王玲,王全永等.一份抗纹枯病水稻品种ZH5的抗病虫特性和生物学性状[J]中国水稻科学,2007(06):657-663.
[18]覃宏涛,肖晗,孙宗修.哈茨木霉几丁质酶基因提高水稻抗病性研究[A].中国植病学会西南联合学术年会论文集[C],2000.
[19]童蕴慧,徐敬友,潘学彪.水稻植株对纹枯病菌侵染反应及其机理的初步研究[J]江苏农业研究,2000(04):45-47.
[20]郑君海,邹吉承,张燕之.水稻纹枯病抗性遗传研究进展[J].辽宁农业科学,2006(02):69-70.
[21]王安,刘剑锋,胡兆平.水稻纹枯病发生规律及防治技术[J].中国农村小康科技,2008(02):58+65.
[22]范坤成.防治水稻纹枯病的新农药[J].湖南农业科学,1988(01):48.
[23]廖皓年,肖陵生,王华生.水稻纹枯病发生历史及演变原因简析[J].广西植保,1997(03):35-38.
[24]王艳青.近年来中国水稻病虫害发生及趋势分析[J]中国农学通报,2006(02):343-347.
[25]史凤玉,朱英波,杨文兰.长枝木霉T8对水稻纹枯病菌拮抗的作用研究[J].中国农学通报,2005(02):264-265+271.
[26]郑重.国外水稻纹枯病研究进展[J].植物保护,1990(02):52-53.
[27]陈志谊.水稻纹枯病抗性机制的研究[J].中国农业科学,1992(04):41-46.
[28]范坤成.肥、水、菌对水稻纹枯病发生流行的综合效应[J].植物保护学报,1993(02):97-103.
[29]王玉山.中国北方水稻病虫草害防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.31-34.
[30]Roy A K.Indian Phytopathology,1985(38):45-49.
[31]陈志谊.水稻纹枯病拮抗细菌的种群分布及生物学多样性研究[J].植物病理学报,1999(05):97-103.
[32]陈志谊,刘永锋,陆凡.井冈霉素和生防菌Bs-916协同控病作用及增效机理[J].植物保护学报,2003,(04):429-434.
[33]黎起秦,林纬,陈永宁,彭好文,蒙姣荣,韦绍兴.芽孢杆菌对水稻纹枯病的防治效果[J].中国生物防治,2000(04):160-162.
[34]任小平,谢关林,赵丽涵.水稻纹枯病拮抗细菌的筛选与利用[J]植物保护学报,2005,(04):337-342.
[35]郭润芳,刘晓光,高克祥等.拮抗木霉菌在生物防治中的应用与研究进展[J].中国生物防治,2002(04):180-184.
[36]王艳丽,沈瑛,徐同.哈茨木霉防治水稻纹枯病研究[J].植物保护学报,2000(02):97-101.
[37]曾华兰.哈茨木霉T23及其防病作用研究[D].四川农业大学,2005.
[38]薛宝娣,李娟,陈永萱.木霉(TR-5)对病原真菌的拮抗机制和防病效果研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1995(01):31-36.
[39]朱立宏.主要农作物抗病性遗传研究进展[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1990.
[40]康霄文,陈捷.水稻纹枯病菌毒素的初步研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1992,23(1):19-22.
[2]沈寅初.井冈霉素研究开发25年[J].植物保护,1996,22(4):44-45.
[3]易图永,高必达,洪艳云.四种拮抗细菌对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制因子[J].中国生物防治,2002(03):135-138.
[4]强中发,陈占全,高淑敏.应用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂拌种防治青稞云纹病[J].植物保护,1996(05):25.
[5]陈利锋,徐敬友.农业植物病理学(南方本)[M].中国农业出版社,中国北京:2001.
[6]彭少裘.水稻纹枯病及其防治[M].上海科学技术出版社,中国上海:1986.
[7]刘胜玖.水稻纹枯病的发生与防治[J].现代农业科技,2007,(18):84.
[8]何霭如,郭建夫.水稻纹枯病的发生及防治[J].安徽农业科学,2007(04):996-997.
[9]檀根甲,陈莉,胡道平,杨勇.水稻纹枯病菌菌核存活力及地下侵染的研究[J].菌物系统,2000(01):142-145.
[10]王寒梅,但芳.水稻纹枯病的发生与防治[J].安徽农业科学,2007,(01):140.
[11]张素华,李树正,程功,钱永康.Pencycuron防治水稻纹枯病的研究[J].华北农学报,1988(02):64-69.
[12]王振荣,王德好,章万顺,钱良玉.美洲星液肥对水稻纹枯病的控制作用[J].现代农业科技(上半月刊),2006(06):136.
[13]官山英.水稻纹枯病发生规律及综防技术[J].现代农业科技,2007(17):96-113.
[14]郭建夫,黄永相,袁红旭.基因枪法转基因水稻后代主要性状的多元遗传分析[J].种子,2007(01):1-5.
[15]俞洪丽.水稻纹枯病的防治措施[J].天津农林科技,2004,(06):26.
[16]潘学彪.两个水稻改良抗源对纹枯病抗性的遗传研究[J].江苏农业研究,1997(02):2-7.
[17]黄世文,王玲,王全永等.一份抗纹枯病水稻品种ZH5的抗病虫特性和生物学性状[J]中国水稻科学,2007(06):657-663.
[18]覃宏涛,肖晗,孙宗修.哈茨木霉几丁质酶基因提高水稻抗病性研究[A].中国植病学会西南联合学术年会论文集[C],2000.
[19]童蕴慧,徐敬友,潘学彪.水稻植株对纹枯病菌侵染反应及其机理的初步研究[J]江苏农业研究,2000(04):45-47.
[20]郑君海,邹吉承,张燕之.水稻纹枯病抗性遗传研究进展[J].辽宁农业科学,2006(02):69-70.
[21]王安,刘剑锋,胡兆平.水稻纹枯病发生规律及防治技术[J].中国农村小康科技,2008(02):58+65.
[22]范坤成.防治水稻纹枯病的新农药[J].湖南农业科学,1988(01):48.
[23]廖皓年,肖陵生,王华生.水稻纹枯病发生历史及演变原因简析[J].广西植保,1997(03):35-38.
[24]王艳青.近年来中国水稻病虫害发生及趋势分析[J]中国农学通报,2006(02):343-347.
[25]史凤玉,朱英波,杨文兰.长枝木霉T8对水稻纹枯病菌拮抗的作用研究[J].中国农学通报,2005(02):264-265+271.
[26]郑重.国外水稻纹枯病研究进展[J].植物保护,1990(02):52-53.
[27]陈志谊.水稻纹枯病抗性机制的研究[J].中国农业科学,1992(04):41-46.
[28]范坤成.肥、水、菌对水稻纹枯病发生流行的综合效应[J].植物保护学报,1993(02):97-103.
[29]王玉山.中国北方水稻病虫草害防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.31-34.
[30]Roy A K.Indian Phytopathology,1985(38):45-49.
[31]陈志谊.水稻纹枯病拮抗细菌的种群分布及生物学多样性研究[J].植物病理学报,1999(05):97-103.
[32]陈志谊,刘永锋,陆凡.井冈霉素和生防菌Bs-916协同控病作用及增效机理[J].植物保护学报,2003,(04):429-434.
[33]黎起秦,林纬,陈永宁,彭好文,蒙姣荣,韦绍兴.芽孢杆菌对水稻纹枯病的防治效果[J].中国生物防治,2000(04):160-162.
[34]任小平,谢关林,赵丽涵.水稻纹枯病拮抗细菌的筛选与利用[J]植物保护学报,2005,(04):337-342.
[35]郭润芳,刘晓光,高克祥等.拮抗木霉菌在生物防治中的应用与研究进展[J].中国生物防治,2002(04):180-184.
[36]王艳丽,沈瑛,徐同.哈茨木霉防治水稻纹枯病研究[J].植物保护学报,2000(02):97-101.
[37]曾华兰.哈茨木霉T23及其防病作用研究[D].四川农业大学,2005.
[38]薛宝娣,李娟,陈永萱.木霉(TR-5)对病原真菌的拮抗机制和防病效果研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1995(01):31-36.
[39]朱立宏.主要农作物抗病性遗传研究进展[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1990.
[40]康霄文,陈捷.水稻纹枯病菌毒素的初步研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1992,23(1):19-22.