添加纤维素酶对奶牛夏季生产性能及人工瘤胃发酵的影响
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摘要
本论文研究了纤维素酶对奶牛夏季生产性能的作用以及对人工瘤胃发酵的影响,目的是为奶牛生产中纤维素酶的应用进一步提供科学依据,并探讨纤维素酶对奶牛生产性能影响的可能机制。
试验1研究添加纤维素酶对奶牛夏季产奶量及奶品质的影响。选用50头产奶量、泌乳期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成5组(n=10),在试验1组和试验2组的精料补充料中分别添加复合纤维素酶50 g/吨、100 g/吨,试验3组和试验4组的精料补充料中分别添加单一纤维素酶80 g/吨、160 g/吨,第五组为对照组。试验时间为:2005年7月15日—9月15日,分别测定5个组的奶牛产奶量和乳品质。结果表明,各试验组奶牛的产奶量分别比对照组提高5.73%(P<0.05)、4.84%(P<0.05)、3.62%和0.51%,但对奶牛采食量、乳脂肪含量没有显著影响。
试验2研究添加不同种类纤维素酶对人工瘤胃发酵的影响。本试验瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦阉公牛,体外人工瘤胃试验分为8个组,分别是空白组、对照组、复合纤维素酶3个组,分别是1、2和3组(每千克培养底物添加纤维素酶的量分别为66.7、200、100mg)和单一纤维素酶组3个组,分别是1、2和3组(每千克培养底物添加纤维素酶的量分别为66.7、200、100mg/kg),培养96h,测定人工瘤胃的产气量、发酵液pH值、干物质消失率、培养液中的NH3—N、TVFA产量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的产量,以研究添加纤维素酶对人工瘤胃发酵的影响。试验结果表明:从产气量上看,复合纤维素酶100mg/kg组的产气量最大,96h时比对照组多产气23.7%(P<0.05),产气量最小的是单一纤维素酶66.7mg/kg组,与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);从pH值看,96h除复合纤维素酶3组比对照组低0.2,其余各组差异均不显著(P>0.05);96h复合纤维素酶100mg/kg组的干物质消失率比对照组高7.57%,其次是复合纤维素酶200mg/kg组比对照组高5.6%;NH3—N含量从0h—24h逐渐下降至24h时最低,24h—96h NH3—N含量逐渐上升,96h复合纤维素酶3组的NH3—N浓度在各组中均最高,比对照组高4.3 mg/100ml;96h,复合纤维素酶3组的乙酸和TVFA含量最大,比对照组高7.62和9.16 m mol/L(P<0.05)。
本研究表明,日粮中添加不同纤维素酶可以提高奶牛夏季的产奶量,具有缓解夏季炎热季节造成奶牛生产性能下降的作用,但对奶牛采食量、牛乳品质无显著影响。纤维素酶的饲喂效果与酶的种类和添加量有关,复合纤维素酶的效果优于单一纤维素酶,而复合纤维素酶添加量以50 g/吨的饲喂效果较好。
The effects of supplementing cellulases on production performance of lactating dairy cows in the summer and on in vitro rumen fermentation were studied to further provide experiment evidence on cellulase utilization in dairy cow production and its possible mechanisms.
Exp1. Effects of cellulase on milk production and milk quality in dairy cow in the summer. 50 Chinese Holstein dairy cows with body condition, milk production and lactation approximately accordant were randomly divided into five groups (with 10 cows in each group). The concentrates of group 1 and group 2 were added into mixed-cellulase at level of 50g/t and 100g/t, respectively, and the concentrates of group 3 and group 4 at level of 80g/t and 100g/t, respectively. The time from July 15 to September 15 .The results showed that milk production of cows in groups of 1, 2,3 and 4 increased by 5.73%(P<0.05), 4.84%(P<0.05), 3.62% and 0.51% compared with that of control group.
Exp 2. Effects of supplemental cellulases on in vitro rumen fermentation. Rummen fliud inoculum was collected from three rumen-fistulated Holstein bulls. Compound or single cellulases (CC or SC, mg) /substrate(S, kg) were 66.7, 200 and 100 respectively. The time of incubation was 96h. Gas production, pH, DM degradation, NH3-N concentration, total VFA,acetate,propionate and butyrate production were drtermined. The results showed that the 96h cumulative gas production was the highest and increased by 23.7%(P<0.05)compared with the control group when CC/S was 100. There was no diffenrce between group of 66.7mg/kg and the control. The pH in group of 100mg/kg was lower 0.2 than the control group, and other groups had no difference with the control group. The 96h DM degradation in groups of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg increased by 7.57% and 5.6% compared with the control(P<0.05). The concentration of NH3-N decreased gradually from 0h to 24h and reached the lowest at 24h, and then gradually increased from 24h to 96h. The concentration of NH3-N from 12h to 96h was the highest for group of 100mg/kg ( 4.3 mg/100ml more than the contol). The concentrations of acetate and TVFA were the highest for group of 100mg/kg and higher 7.62 and 9.16 mmol/L than that of the control group, respectively.
The present study indicated that milk production of lactating cows could be enhanced in the summer by supllementation of cellulases, but the intake and fat content in milk were not affected. The effect was retalted with the kind of celluase and adding level. In the whole, the effect of compound cellulases was better than that of single cellulases, and the level of 50g/t was more effective for compound cellulases.
试验1研究添加纤维素酶对奶牛夏季产奶量及奶品质的影响。选用50头产奶量、泌乳期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成5组(n=10),在试验1组和试验2组的精料补充料中分别添加复合纤维素酶50 g/吨、100 g/吨,试验3组和试验4组的精料补充料中分别添加单一纤维素酶80 g/吨、160 g/吨,第五组为对照组。试验时间为:2005年7月15日—9月15日,分别测定5个组的奶牛产奶量和乳品质。结果表明,各试验组奶牛的产奶量分别比对照组提高5.73%(P<0.05)、4.84%(P<0.05)、3.62%和0.51%,但对奶牛采食量、乳脂肪含量没有显著影响。
试验2研究添加不同种类纤维素酶对人工瘤胃发酵的影响。本试验瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦阉公牛,体外人工瘤胃试验分为8个组,分别是空白组、对照组、复合纤维素酶3个组,分别是1、2和3组(每千克培养底物添加纤维素酶的量分别为66.7、200、100mg)和单一纤维素酶组3个组,分别是1、2和3组(每千克培养底物添加纤维素酶的量分别为66.7、200、100mg/kg),培养96h,测定人工瘤胃的产气量、发酵液pH值、干物质消失率、培养液中的NH3—N、TVFA产量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的产量,以研究添加纤维素酶对人工瘤胃发酵的影响。试验结果表明:从产气量上看,复合纤维素酶100mg/kg组的产气量最大,96h时比对照组多产气23.7%(P<0.05),产气量最小的是单一纤维素酶66.7mg/kg组,与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);从pH值看,96h除复合纤维素酶3组比对照组低0.2,其余各组差异均不显著(P>0.05);96h复合纤维素酶100mg/kg组的干物质消失率比对照组高7.57%,其次是复合纤维素酶200mg/kg组比对照组高5.6%;NH3—N含量从0h—24h逐渐下降至24h时最低,24h—96h NH3—N含量逐渐上升,96h复合纤维素酶3组的NH3—N浓度在各组中均最高,比对照组高4.3 mg/100ml;96h,复合纤维素酶3组的乙酸和TVFA含量最大,比对照组高7.62和9.16 m mol/L(P<0.05)。
本研究表明,日粮中添加不同纤维素酶可以提高奶牛夏季的产奶量,具有缓解夏季炎热季节造成奶牛生产性能下降的作用,但对奶牛采食量、牛乳品质无显著影响。纤维素酶的饲喂效果与酶的种类和添加量有关,复合纤维素酶的效果优于单一纤维素酶,而复合纤维素酶添加量以50 g/吨的饲喂效果较好。
The effects of supplementing cellulases on production performance of lactating dairy cows in the summer and on in vitro rumen fermentation were studied to further provide experiment evidence on cellulase utilization in dairy cow production and its possible mechanisms.
Exp1. Effects of cellulase on milk production and milk quality in dairy cow in the summer. 50 Chinese Holstein dairy cows with body condition, milk production and lactation approximately accordant were randomly divided into five groups (with 10 cows in each group). The concentrates of group 1 and group 2 were added into mixed-cellulase at level of 50g/t and 100g/t, respectively, and the concentrates of group 3 and group 4 at level of 80g/t and 100g/t, respectively. The time from July 15 to September 15 .The results showed that milk production of cows in groups of 1, 2,3 and 4 increased by 5.73%(P<0.05), 4.84%(P<0.05), 3.62% and 0.51% compared with that of control group.
Exp 2. Effects of supplemental cellulases on in vitro rumen fermentation. Rummen fliud inoculum was collected from three rumen-fistulated Holstein bulls. Compound or single cellulases (CC or SC, mg) /substrate(S, kg) were 66.7, 200 and 100 respectively. The time of incubation was 96h. Gas production, pH, DM degradation, NH3-N concentration, total VFA,acetate,propionate and butyrate production were drtermined. The results showed that the 96h cumulative gas production was the highest and increased by 23.7%(P<0.05)compared with the control group when CC/S was 100. There was no diffenrce between group of 66.7mg/kg and the control. The pH in group of 100mg/kg was lower 0.2 than the control group, and other groups had no difference with the control group. The 96h DM degradation in groups of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg increased by 7.57% and 5.6% compared with the control(P<0.05). The concentration of NH3-N decreased gradually from 0h to 24h and reached the lowest at 24h, and then gradually increased from 24h to 96h. The concentration of NH3-N from 12h to 96h was the highest for group of 100mg/kg ( 4.3 mg/100ml more than the contol). The concentrations of acetate and TVFA were the highest for group of 100mg/kg and higher 7.62 and 9.16 mmol/L than that of the control group, respectively.
The present study indicated that milk production of lactating cows could be enhanced in the summer by supllementation of cellulases, but the intake and fat content in milk were not affected. The effect was retalted with the kind of celluase and adding level. In the whole, the effect of compound cellulases was better than that of single cellulases, and the level of 50g/t was more effective for compound cellulases.
引文
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