南友公路膨胀土路堤石灰改良的试验研究
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摘要
广西南友公路穿越宁明盆地时沿线分布着大量的膨胀土,其典型地质剖面为:耕植土层下依次为灰白色膨胀土和灰黑色膨胀泥岩,其中灰白色膨胀土的天然含水量高、胀缩性大且强度极低。路基施工若全部采用换填法将大大增加工程造价并带来不可估量的生态环境破坏,膨胀土路基处治成了南友路建设最大的工程技术问题。为此,结合交通部西部课题膨胀土研究项目的开展,本文以灰白色膨胀土为处治对象,进行南友路膨胀土路堤的石灰改良试验研究。
首先,在完成了典型路段的土质调查基础上,系统分析国内外已有膨胀土的主要判别分类方法及其优缺点,创造性地提出采用塑性指数Ip粘粒含量A和自由膨胀率Fs三个指标进行膨胀土判别分类的神经网络判别分类法,并成功应用于南友路膨胀土的分类,为该路段膨胀土处治方案的提出奠定了基础。
为了获得经济合理的土质改良方案,采用三种改性剂进行土质改良试验,经比较确定采用石灰改良方法。
为了探讨石灰改良膨胀土的可行性和处治效果,并为工程实施提供技术参数,进行了大量的室内改良试验:针对膨胀土的不良工程特性设计了改良土的物理性质试验、强度力学性质试验和胀缩性试验,并着重对围绕改良膨胀土的CBR、CBR膨胀量的变化规律进行了较为系统的试验研究,获得了一些有意义的试验成果。结果表明,宁明膨胀土中掺入石灰后土体中粘粒含量明显减少、塑性显著降低、强度大大提高、胀缩性得到了有效抑制且浸水稳定性有了明显改善,能实现土质改良的目标。
针对国内外现有石灰改良膨胀土掺灰剂量确定方法上存在的不足,着重探讨了路堤膨胀土改良中石灰掺量确定方法,明确提出确定掺灰剂量应遵循的原则,并据此原则首次提出以石灰土的CBR值和CBR膨胀量作为确定最佳掺灰剂量的控制指标和设计方法,为南友路石灰改良膨胀土提供了依据,同时可用作其它地区百灰改良膨胀土路堤施工时的参考。
最后,结合试验路修建,本文研究并总结提出了石灰改良膨胀土路堤的施工工艺和技术要求。
A mass of expansive soil is distributed along the Nan-You Highway when it pass through the Lingming Basin in Guangxi province. The typical geological section plane show as: the first layer is ploughing-plant soil, and the second layer it is gray expansive soil under that it is gray-black expansive mud-rock, thereinto the gray expansive soil contains most water, swells and shrinks most strongly, and its strength is the lowest among the three kinds of soil. If the all expansive soil is abandoned, the project cost will be increased greatly and a great deal of environmental pollution will be brought out, and how to treat the expansive soil is the biggest engineering technology problem for the construction of Nan-You Highway. Therefore, combining the research of expansive soil task of Communication Ministry West Item, this paper takes the gray expansive soil as studying target and studies the improving technology of adding lime into the expansive soil.Firstly, based on finishing the terrene research of typical expansive soil section, after synthesizing and analyzing the merit and defect of the existing main judgment-grade methods for expansive soil indoors and outdoors, this paper presents the judgment-grade method of neural network which adopts three index of plasticity index, glue content and expanding rate of freedom for the first time. The method is used for classification of the expansive soil of Nan-You Highway successfully, and offers referrence for the treating project of Nan-You Highway expansive soil.In order to select an economical and feasible improvement project, three kinds of improvement project have been studied contrastively by experiments. Through effective contrast and economical analyse, this paper selects the project of lime improving expansive soil.For discussing the feasibility and effect of lime improving expansive soil, and in order to offer parameter for engineering practice, this paper takes a mass of improving laboratory tests. In view of the bad character of expansive soil filler, this paper designs physical property tests, strength-mechanics tests and swelling-shrinkage tests for improvement soil, especially the CBR test is studied by the numbers, and some significative fruit is obtained. The results of study indicate that adding lime into the expansive soil can reduce the content of clay gain obviously, reduce the plasticity notably, increase the strength greatly, control the property of swelling and shrinking
首先,在完成了典型路段的土质调查基础上,系统分析国内外已有膨胀土的主要判别分类方法及其优缺点,创造性地提出采用塑性指数Ip粘粒含量A和自由膨胀率Fs三个指标进行膨胀土判别分类的神经网络判别分类法,并成功应用于南友路膨胀土的分类,为该路段膨胀土处治方案的提出奠定了基础。
为了获得经济合理的土质改良方案,采用三种改性剂进行土质改良试验,经比较确定采用石灰改良方法。
为了探讨石灰改良膨胀土的可行性和处治效果,并为工程实施提供技术参数,进行了大量的室内改良试验:针对膨胀土的不良工程特性设计了改良土的物理性质试验、强度力学性质试验和胀缩性试验,并着重对围绕改良膨胀土的CBR、CBR膨胀量的变化规律进行了较为系统的试验研究,获得了一些有意义的试验成果。结果表明,宁明膨胀土中掺入石灰后土体中粘粒含量明显减少、塑性显著降低、强度大大提高、胀缩性得到了有效抑制且浸水稳定性有了明显改善,能实现土质改良的目标。
针对国内外现有石灰改良膨胀土掺灰剂量确定方法上存在的不足,着重探讨了路堤膨胀土改良中石灰掺量确定方法,明确提出确定掺灰剂量应遵循的原则,并据此原则首次提出以石灰土的CBR值和CBR膨胀量作为确定最佳掺灰剂量的控制指标和设计方法,为南友路石灰改良膨胀土提供了依据,同时可用作其它地区百灰改良膨胀土路堤施工时的参考。
最后,结合试验路修建,本文研究并总结提出了石灰改良膨胀土路堤的施工工艺和技术要求。
A mass of expansive soil is distributed along the Nan-You Highway when it pass through the Lingming Basin in Guangxi province. The typical geological section plane show as: the first layer is ploughing-plant soil, and the second layer it is gray expansive soil under that it is gray-black expansive mud-rock, thereinto the gray expansive soil contains most water, swells and shrinks most strongly, and its strength is the lowest among the three kinds of soil. If the all expansive soil is abandoned, the project cost will be increased greatly and a great deal of environmental pollution will be brought out, and how to treat the expansive soil is the biggest engineering technology problem for the construction of Nan-You Highway. Therefore, combining the research of expansive soil task of Communication Ministry West Item, this paper takes the gray expansive soil as studying target and studies the improving technology of adding lime into the expansive soil.Firstly, based on finishing the terrene research of typical expansive soil section, after synthesizing and analyzing the merit and defect of the existing main judgment-grade methods for expansive soil indoors and outdoors, this paper presents the judgment-grade method of neural network which adopts three index of plasticity index, glue content and expanding rate of freedom for the first time. The method is used for classification of the expansive soil of Nan-You Highway successfully, and offers referrence for the treating project of Nan-You Highway expansive soil.In order to select an economical and feasible improvement project, three kinds of improvement project have been studied contrastively by experiments. Through effective contrast and economical analyse, this paper selects the project of lime improving expansive soil.For discussing the feasibility and effect of lime improving expansive soil, and in order to offer parameter for engineering practice, this paper takes a mass of improving laboratory tests. In view of the bad character of expansive soil filler, this paper designs physical property tests, strength-mechanics tests and swelling-shrinkage tests for improvement soil, especially the CBR test is studied by the numbers, and some significative fruit is obtained. The results of study indicate that adding lime into the expansive soil can reduce the content of clay gain obviously, reduce the plasticity notably, increase the strength greatly, control the property of swelling and shrinking
引文
[1] 袁广明,膨胀土对建筑物的危害及防治.煤矿设计,1994,(4)
[2] 廖世文,膨胀土与铁路工程.北京:中国铁道出版社,1984
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[4] 马俊.膨胀土用作路堤填料的混合土法改良试验研究:[硕士论文].长沙:长沙交通学院,2003
[5] 陈爱军,杨和平,刘龙武.南友公路掺石灰改良膨胀土的承载比试验研究.广西交通科技,2003,28(6)
[6] 孙长龙,膨胀土性质研究综述.水利水电科技进展,1995,15(6)
[7] 秦小林,李敏,蒋忠信,南昆铁路膨胀岩路基工程施工原则的探讨.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(4)
[8] 蒋忠信,南昆铁路地质灾害与防治.铁道工程学报,2001,(3)
[9] Sivapullaiah P V, Sridharan A, and Stalin V K. Swelling behaviour of soil-bentonite mixtures, Can. Geotechnical Journal, 1996, 33
[10] Blight G E. The time-rate of heave of structures on expansive clays. In Moisture equilibrium and moisture changes in soils beneath covered. Butterworth and Co. Ltd
[11] Thurairajah A. A study of Swelling Characteristics of a remoulded clay. Geotechnical Engineering, 1998
[12] El-Sohby M A, and Rabba E A. Some Facters affecting Swelling of Clayey Soils. Geotechnical Engineering, 1981, 12
[13] Li T D, Method of Determining the Shear Strength for Cut Slope in Expansive Soil. Proc. of ICEPRS, IAP, 1988
[14] Katti R K, Shear Strength and Earth Pressure in Expansive Soils. Proc of ICEPRS, IAP, 1988
[15] Bao C G., Some Properties of Shear Strength on Nanyang Expansive Soils. Proc of ICEPRS, IAP, 1988
[16] Amer Ali Al-Rawas, Ramzi Taha, and John D Nelson. A Comparative of Various Additives Used in the Stabilization of Expansive Soil, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2002, 25(2)
[17] Zalihe Nalbantonglu and Emin Gucbilmez. Utilization of an Industrial Waste in Calcareous Expansive Clay Stabilization. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2002, 25(1)
[18] 缪林昌,论膨胀土地工程性质及工程措施.水利水电科技进展,2001,21(2)
[19] 崔贵红,土工网在膨胀土路堤中的应用.铁道标准设计.2000,20(11)
[20] 曹永和,土工合成材料加固铁路膨胀土路堤施工技术.西部探矿工程,2001,70(3)
[21] Sivapullaiah P. V, Sridharan A, Prashanth J. P, and Raju K. V. Role of Farbric and Bonding in the Lime Stabilization of Soils, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, 1997, 2
[22] 刘汝明,孙嘉明,膨胀土地区公路路基处理的体会.公路,1998,(4)
[23] 吴学刚,唐武斌,高填膨胀土路堤工程加固措施与效果.铁道标准设计,2000,20(11)
[24] 肖武权,徐林荣,膨胀土化学改良法.铁道建筑,2001,5
[25] 黄国华,三明治互层法在膨胀土路基施工中的应用.科技情报开发与经济,2002,12(2)
[26] 李生林,中国膨胀土工程地质研究.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1992
[27] 张小平,施斌,陆现彩,石灰改良膨胀土微孔结构试验研究.岩土工程学报,2003,11(6)
[28] 余湘娟,王媛,掺石灰处理膨胀土路基填料的试验研究.公路,2000,1(1)
[29] 余湘娟,高明军,膨胀土路基填料的土工试验方法研究.河海大学学报,1997,27(4)
[30] 李国维,翟立群,邓飞宇.改性膨胀土路基填筑施工压实控制标准研究.公路,2000,(3)
[31] 罗雄章,李梅,石灰改良膨胀土胀缩性质和强度性质的研究.广西土木建筑,1998,23(4)
[32] 程平,姚海林,李文斌,石灰改良高速公路膨胀土路基的试验研究.公路,2002,(5)
[33] Abduljauwad S N, Improvement of Plasticity and Swelling Potential of Calcareous Expansive Clays. Getechnical Engineering Journal. 1995, 26(1)
[34] Locat J, Tremblay H, and Leroueil, S. Laboratory Investgations on the Lime Stabilization of Sensitive clays. Shear Strength Development, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1990, 27
[35] Abduljauwad S N. Treatment of Calcareous Expansive Clays. Fly ash Soil Improvement, Geotechnical Special Publication, ASCE, 1993, 36
[36] Kamon, M and Nontanandh. S. Combining Industrial Wastes with Lime for Soil Stabilization. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 1992, 117
[37] Keshaawarz, M. S and Dutta U. Stabilization of South Texas Soils with Fly Ash. Fly Ash for Soil Improvement. Geotechnical Special Publication, ASCE, 1993, 36
[38] 傅松岩,赵宝良,袁涛,路基石灰改善土施工简介.黑龙江交通科技,2001,94(6)
[39] 中华人民共和国交通部行业标准.公路工程无机结合料稳定材料试验规程(JTJ 057-94).北京:人民交通出版社,1994
[40] 黄元桂,膨胀土掺灰改性后用作路堤填料标准击实试验的探讨.华东公路,2000,124(3)
[41] 杨世基,王玉泉,公路膨胀土路基的处理技术.公路交通科技,1998,15(2)
[42] 杨和平等.不良地质土用作路堤填料的改良技术研究.长沙交通学院研究报告,2001
[43] 张滂,谢宝玉,郝中海,膨胀土路基处理技术研究.公路,2001,(7)
[44] 罗强,成都粘土石灰土的试验研究.西南交通大学学报,1996,(1)
[45] 肖荣久,邓媛华,于芳,陕南膨胀土加灰改良的试验研究.西安地质学院学报,1995,17(4)
[46] 陈新民,罗国煜,李生林,生石灰改良膨胀土的试验研究—以宁连一级公路六合段为例.水文地质工程地质,1997,6
[47] Basma A A, and Tuncer E R. Effect of Lime on Volume Change and Compressibility of Expansive Clay. Transportation Research Record, 1995
[48] Gromko H Y. Review of Expansive Soils. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. American Society for Civil Engineers, ASCE 100, GT6
[49] 中华人民共和国交通部行业标准.公路路基施工技术规范(JTJ 033-95).北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[50] 杨世基.公路路基膨胀土的分类指标.公路工程地质,1997,15(1)
[2] 廖世文,膨胀土与铁路工程.北京:中国铁道出版社,1984
[3] Jones D E, and Holtz W G.. Expansive Soils-the Hidden Disaster. Civil Engineering, ASCE, 1973, 43
[4] 马俊.膨胀土用作路堤填料的混合土法改良试验研究:[硕士论文].长沙:长沙交通学院,2003
[5] 陈爱军,杨和平,刘龙武.南友公路掺石灰改良膨胀土的承载比试验研究.广西交通科技,2003,28(6)
[6] 孙长龙,膨胀土性质研究综述.水利水电科技进展,1995,15(6)
[7] 秦小林,李敏,蒋忠信,南昆铁路膨胀岩路基工程施工原则的探讨.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(4)
[8] 蒋忠信,南昆铁路地质灾害与防治.铁道工程学报,2001,(3)
[9] Sivapullaiah P V, Sridharan A, and Stalin V K. Swelling behaviour of soil-bentonite mixtures, Can. Geotechnical Journal, 1996, 33
[10] Blight G E. The time-rate of heave of structures on expansive clays. In Moisture equilibrium and moisture changes in soils beneath covered. Butterworth and Co. Ltd
[11] Thurairajah A. A study of Swelling Characteristics of a remoulded clay. Geotechnical Engineering, 1998
[12] El-Sohby M A, and Rabba E A. Some Facters affecting Swelling of Clayey Soils. Geotechnical Engineering, 1981, 12
[13] Li T D, Method of Determining the Shear Strength for Cut Slope in Expansive Soil. Proc. of ICEPRS, IAP, 1988
[14] Katti R K, Shear Strength and Earth Pressure in Expansive Soils. Proc of ICEPRS, IAP, 1988
[15] Bao C G., Some Properties of Shear Strength on Nanyang Expansive Soils. Proc of ICEPRS, IAP, 1988
[16] Amer Ali Al-Rawas, Ramzi Taha, and John D Nelson. A Comparative of Various Additives Used in the Stabilization of Expansive Soil, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2002, 25(2)
[17] Zalihe Nalbantonglu and Emin Gucbilmez. Utilization of an Industrial Waste in Calcareous Expansive Clay Stabilization. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2002, 25(1)
[18] 缪林昌,论膨胀土地工程性质及工程措施.水利水电科技进展,2001,21(2)
[19] 崔贵红,土工网在膨胀土路堤中的应用.铁道标准设计.2000,20(11)
[20] 曹永和,土工合成材料加固铁路膨胀土路堤施工技术.西部探矿工程,2001,70(3)
[21] Sivapullaiah P. V, Sridharan A, Prashanth J. P, and Raju K. V. Role of Farbric and Bonding in the Lime Stabilization of Soils, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, 1997, 2
[22] 刘汝明,孙嘉明,膨胀土地区公路路基处理的体会.公路,1998,(4)
[23] 吴学刚,唐武斌,高填膨胀土路堤工程加固措施与效果.铁道标准设计,2000,20(11)
[24] 肖武权,徐林荣,膨胀土化学改良法.铁道建筑,2001,5
[25] 黄国华,三明治互层法在膨胀土路基施工中的应用.科技情报开发与经济,2002,12(2)
[26] 李生林,中国膨胀土工程地质研究.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1992
[27] 张小平,施斌,陆现彩,石灰改良膨胀土微孔结构试验研究.岩土工程学报,2003,11(6)
[28] 余湘娟,王媛,掺石灰处理膨胀土路基填料的试验研究.公路,2000,1(1)
[29] 余湘娟,高明军,膨胀土路基填料的土工试验方法研究.河海大学学报,1997,27(4)
[30] 李国维,翟立群,邓飞宇.改性膨胀土路基填筑施工压实控制标准研究.公路,2000,(3)
[31] 罗雄章,李梅,石灰改良膨胀土胀缩性质和强度性质的研究.广西土木建筑,1998,23(4)
[32] 程平,姚海林,李文斌,石灰改良高速公路膨胀土路基的试验研究.公路,2002,(5)
[33] Abduljauwad S N, Improvement of Plasticity and Swelling Potential of Calcareous Expansive Clays. Getechnical Engineering Journal. 1995, 26(1)
[34] Locat J, Tremblay H, and Leroueil, S. Laboratory Investgations on the Lime Stabilization of Sensitive clays. Shear Strength Development, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1990, 27
[35] Abduljauwad S N. Treatment of Calcareous Expansive Clays. Fly ash Soil Improvement, Geotechnical Special Publication, ASCE, 1993, 36
[36] Kamon, M and Nontanandh. S. Combining Industrial Wastes with Lime for Soil Stabilization. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 1992, 117
[37] Keshaawarz, M. S and Dutta U. Stabilization of South Texas Soils with Fly Ash. Fly Ash for Soil Improvement. Geotechnical Special Publication, ASCE, 1993, 36
[38] 傅松岩,赵宝良,袁涛,路基石灰改善土施工简介.黑龙江交通科技,2001,94(6)
[39] 中华人民共和国交通部行业标准.公路工程无机结合料稳定材料试验规程(JTJ 057-94).北京:人民交通出版社,1994
[40] 黄元桂,膨胀土掺灰改性后用作路堤填料标准击实试验的探讨.华东公路,2000,124(3)
[41] 杨世基,王玉泉,公路膨胀土路基的处理技术.公路交通科技,1998,15(2)
[42] 杨和平等.不良地质土用作路堤填料的改良技术研究.长沙交通学院研究报告,2001
[43] 张滂,谢宝玉,郝中海,膨胀土路基处理技术研究.公路,2001,(7)
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