宁明膨胀土膨胀变形规律和本构关系研究
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摘要
膨胀土问题是工程地质和非饱和土力学领域中最为复杂的研究难题之一。目前关于膨胀土的膨胀变形和膨胀本构关系的研究已相对较多,但绝大多数都是建立在充分膨胀的基础上,且得出的规律基本是在初始含水量不变条件下,膨胀变形量与上覆压力的单一关系和在上覆压力不变条件下,膨胀变形量与初始含水量的单一关系。膨胀土的膨胀机理复杂,影响膨胀变形量的因素繁多,找出其中的主要因素,建立合理准确、膨胀本构关系是膨胀变形研究的关键。本文在前人研究的基础上,通过大量的室内试验研究,分析探讨了广西宁明膨胀土有荷膨胀量与上覆荷载的关系、有荷膨胀量与初始含水量的关系、无荷膨胀量和初始含水量的关系以及膨胀力与初始含水量的关系,提出了广西宁明膨胀土确定干密度下的有荷膨胀量与初始含水量和上覆压力的关系式,可以用来计算在初始含水量和上覆压力同时变化时下的有荷膨胀量;同时分析了有荷膨胀量试验中终了含水量与上覆压力和初始含水量的关系,得到了确定干密度下的终了含水量与初始含水量和上覆压力的关系式;本文还分析了过程膨胀变形量和过程含水量成线性关系,根据此条件和终了含水量的关系式以及有荷膨胀量的关系式可以得到某一过程含水量下的有荷膨胀量。
在此试验的基础上,推导出一维关系下宁明膨胀土的切线模量和初始割线模量和三维关系下此膨胀土的变形模量和体积模量。
The dilational srtain of expansive soils is one of the most difficult problem in the field of engineering geology and unsaturated soils mechanics. At present,many tests on dilatationgal strain and research on swelling constitutive relationships have been carried out. However the overwhelming majority is based on plenteous water supply, and law drawn is all about wether the initial water content is constant, the single relationship between the swelling strains and vertical pressure,or when the vertical pressure is constant, the single relationship between the swelling strains and initial water content. The swelling mechanism of expansive soils is complicated ,to find out the major factor and to establish reasonable and accurate swelling constitutive relationship is the key to expansive soils. Based on the laboratory swelling experiments, relationship between the swelling strain under load and the vertical pressure、relationship between the swelling strain under load and initial water content 、relationship between the swelling strain under free load and initial water content and relationship between the swelling pressure and initial water content are systematically studied in this thesis,and put forward to a swelling prediction formula which can be used to calculate the swelling strain under load when the initial water content and the vertical pressure vary at the same time;the relationship between the final water content and initial water content ,the relationship between the final water content and vertical pressure is also presented, and bring forward a formula which can be used to calculate the final water content;additional, that the relationship between the swelling process strain under load and process water content is linear is also verified.
Based on the laboratory swelling experiments results, the additional compression modulus、the initial tangent modulus in 1D 、deformation modulus and volume deformation modulus in 3D of expansive soils in Ning-Ming are formulated.
在此试验的基础上,推导出一维关系下宁明膨胀土的切线模量和初始割线模量和三维关系下此膨胀土的变形模量和体积模量。
The dilational srtain of expansive soils is one of the most difficult problem in the field of engineering geology and unsaturated soils mechanics. At present,many tests on dilatationgal strain and research on swelling constitutive relationships have been carried out. However the overwhelming majority is based on plenteous water supply, and law drawn is all about wether the initial water content is constant, the single relationship between the swelling strains and vertical pressure,or when the vertical pressure is constant, the single relationship between the swelling strains and initial water content. The swelling mechanism of expansive soils is complicated ,to find out the major factor and to establish reasonable and accurate swelling constitutive relationship is the key to expansive soils. Based on the laboratory swelling experiments, relationship between the swelling strain under load and the vertical pressure、relationship between the swelling strain under load and initial water content 、relationship between the swelling strain under free load and initial water content and relationship between the swelling pressure and initial water content are systematically studied in this thesis,and put forward to a swelling prediction formula which can be used to calculate the swelling strain under load when the initial water content and the vertical pressure vary at the same time;the relationship between the final water content and initial water content ,the relationship between the final water content and vertical pressure is also presented, and bring forward a formula which can be used to calculate the final water content;additional, that the relationship between the swelling process strain under load and process water content is linear is also verified.
Based on the laboratory swelling experiments results, the additional compression modulus、the initial tangent modulus in 1D 、deformation modulus and volume deformation modulus in 3D of expansive soils in Ning-Ming are formulated.
引文
[1] 廖世文.膨胀土与铁道工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1984.
[2] 孔德坊.全国首届膨胀土科学研讨会文集序言,西南交大出版社,1990.
[3] Jones D E,and Holtz W G.Expansive Soils-the Hidden Disaster.Civil Engineering,ASCE, 1973,43.
[4] 公路路基施工技术规范(JTJ033-95) .北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[5] 公路路基设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[6] 廖世文,赵平等.1990.膨胀土胀缩特性试验研究.全国首届膨胀土科学研讨会论文集.成都:西南交通大学出版社.
[7] 李生林,秦素娟,薄遵昭,等.中国膨胀土工程地质研究[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1992.1—22.
[8] 曹净,欧孝夺,周东,黄绍铿.南宁膨胀土胀缩性模糊评判分析.中南公路工程.2004,29(3):15～18.
[9] 杨和平,曲永新,郑健龙,刘龙武.中国西部公路建设中膨胀土工程地质问题的初步研究.2003,19(1):19～24.
[10]经苏龙,白一琴.膨胀土的膨胀变化规律探讨及分析.大坝观测与土工测试.1999,23(3):40～41.
[11]朱建强.水分对膨胀土膨胀变形与膨胀压力的影响研究[J].湖北农学院学报,1999,19(1):59—61.
[12]仲晓晨,王军.非饱和膨胀土膨胀变形规律探讨.盐城工学院学报(自然科学版).2003,16(3):70～73.
[13 杨海梅,耿灵生,邢爱英.有荷膨胀率试验的探讨.水利论坛.43
[14]贾东亮,丁述理,杜海金.邯郸击实膨胀土的胀缩特性研究.东北水利水电.2004,24(241):34～36.
[15]马中军,贾大多.南阳市区膨胀土的特性.河南科学.2002,20(4)435～437.
[16]徐永福,龚友平,殷宗泽.宁夏膨胀土膨胀变形特性的试验研究.水利学报.1997,9:27～30.
[17]徐永福.膨胀土的浸水规律.河海大学学报.1998,26(5):66～70.
[18] 徐永福.宁夏膨胀土膨胀变形的速率工程参数的确定. 河海大学学报.1999,27(5)100～102.
[19]孙长龙,王宝田,殷宗泽,等.宁夏膨胀土地基浸水变形规律试验研究[J].河海大学学报,1997,25(2):82—85.
[20]徐永福.膨胀土的浸水规律.河海大学学报.1998,26(5):66～70.
[21]殷宗泽,哈双,郭志平.宁夏盐环定扬黄工程总干渠膨胀土问题的研究报告.河海 大学,岩土工程研究所,1996 年4 月.
[22]XU Yongfu ,DAI Jiqun and YIN Zongze, Preliminary Study on the Model of the swelling Deformtion of some Expansive Soil in Ningxia .JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.1997,5(2):161～166.
[23]徐永福,吴正根,刘传新.膨胀土的击实条件与膨胀变形的相关性研究.河海大学学报.1997,25(3).57～60.
[24]XU Yongfu ,DAI Jiqun and YIN Zongze, Preliminary Study on the Model of the swelling Deformtion of some Expansive Soil in Ningxia .JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.1997,5(2):161～166.
[25]许瑛,雷胜友. 影响有荷载膨胀率的因素分析.长安大学学报(建筑与环境科学版),2003,20(2):6～9.
[26]W.G.Holtz and H.J.Gibbs,Enigineering Properties of Expansive Clays,Proc.Am.Soc.Civ.Eng.121.1956.
[27]A.Komornik and J.G.Zeitten,Laboratory Determination of Lateral and Vertical Stresses in Compacted Swelling Clay,Journal of Materials,JMLSA,1970(1):108 ～128.
[28]孙钧,李成江.复合膨胀渗水围岩-隧道支护系统的流变机理及其粘弹塑性效应,中国科学院基金资助课题,上海,1985.
[29] L.R.Davison &J.H.Atkinson.Continuous Oedometer Testing of Soils Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,London,1990,vol.23.
[30]M.Gysel.Design Methods for Structure in Swelling Rock,ISRM Volume VI.
[31]YangQing. A Triaxial Swelling Test for Swelling Rock. Journal of Baotou University of Iron and Steel Technology.1996.Mar1996:22～27.
[32]杨庆,焦建奎,孪茂田.膨胀岩土侧限膨胀试验新方法与膨胀本构关系.岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):49～52
[33]Zhengjianjun and YangQing,The Research of 3D Swelling Constitutive Relation of Swelling Rock. Journal of Baotou University of Iron and Steel Technology.1996,15(3):32～37.
[34]杨庆,廖国华.膨胀岩三轴膨胀试验的研究.岩土力学与工程学报.1994,15(1):51～58.
[35]杨庆,膨胀岩与巷道稳定,冶金出版社,1995.
[36]焦建奎,膨胀岩膨胀特性的试验研究,大连理工大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[37]缪协兴,杨成永,膨胀岩中的湿度应力场理论,岩土力学,1993(4):49～55.
[38]缪协兴,湿度应力场的耦合方程,力学与实践,1995(6):22～24.
[39]卢爱红,茅献彪.湿度应力场的数值模拟.岩土力学与工程学报.21(增2):2470～ 2473.
[40]Omer E.M FADOL. Upheaval deformations of ground induced by expansive soils and application to site assessment.Chinese Journal of GeotechniclE Engineering, 2004 26(3):412～415.
[41]杨和平,郑健龙.云南楚大公路膨胀土的土性研究.中国公路学报,2002,15(1):10～14.
[2] 孔德坊.全国首届膨胀土科学研讨会文集序言,西南交大出版社,1990.
[3] Jones D E,and Holtz W G.Expansive Soils-the Hidden Disaster.Civil Engineering,ASCE, 1973,43.
[4] 公路路基施工技术规范(JTJ033-95) .北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[5] 公路路基设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[6] 廖世文,赵平等.1990.膨胀土胀缩特性试验研究.全国首届膨胀土科学研讨会论文集.成都:西南交通大学出版社.
[7] 李生林,秦素娟,薄遵昭,等.中国膨胀土工程地质研究[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1992.1—22.
[8] 曹净,欧孝夺,周东,黄绍铿.南宁膨胀土胀缩性模糊评判分析.中南公路工程.2004,29(3):15～18.
[9] 杨和平,曲永新,郑健龙,刘龙武.中国西部公路建设中膨胀土工程地质问题的初步研究.2003,19(1):19～24.
[10]经苏龙,白一琴.膨胀土的膨胀变化规律探讨及分析.大坝观测与土工测试.1999,23(3):40～41.
[11]朱建强.水分对膨胀土膨胀变形与膨胀压力的影响研究[J].湖北农学院学报,1999,19(1):59—61.
[12]仲晓晨,王军.非饱和膨胀土膨胀变形规律探讨.盐城工学院学报(自然科学版).2003,16(3):70～73.
[13 杨海梅,耿灵生,邢爱英.有荷膨胀率试验的探讨.水利论坛.43
[14]贾东亮,丁述理,杜海金.邯郸击实膨胀土的胀缩特性研究.东北水利水电.2004,24(241):34～36.
[15]马中军,贾大多.南阳市区膨胀土的特性.河南科学.2002,20(4)435～437.
[16]徐永福,龚友平,殷宗泽.宁夏膨胀土膨胀变形特性的试验研究.水利学报.1997,9:27～30.
[17]徐永福.膨胀土的浸水规律.河海大学学报.1998,26(5):66～70.
[18] 徐永福.宁夏膨胀土膨胀变形的速率工程参数的确定. 河海大学学报.1999,27(5)100～102.
[19]孙长龙,王宝田,殷宗泽,等.宁夏膨胀土地基浸水变形规律试验研究[J].河海大学学报,1997,25(2):82—85.
[20]徐永福.膨胀土的浸水规律.河海大学学报.1998,26(5):66～70.
[21]殷宗泽,哈双,郭志平.宁夏盐环定扬黄工程总干渠膨胀土问题的研究报告.河海 大学,岩土工程研究所,1996 年4 月.
[22]XU Yongfu ,DAI Jiqun and YIN Zongze, Preliminary Study on the Model of the swelling Deformtion of some Expansive Soil in Ningxia .JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.1997,5(2):161～166.
[23]徐永福,吴正根,刘传新.膨胀土的击实条件与膨胀变形的相关性研究.河海大学学报.1997,25(3).57～60.
[24]XU Yongfu ,DAI Jiqun and YIN Zongze, Preliminary Study on the Model of the swelling Deformtion of some Expansive Soil in Ningxia .JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.1997,5(2):161～166.
[25]许瑛,雷胜友. 影响有荷载膨胀率的因素分析.长安大学学报(建筑与环境科学版),2003,20(2):6～9.
[26]W.G.Holtz and H.J.Gibbs,Enigineering Properties of Expansive Clays,Proc.Am.Soc.Civ.Eng.121.1956.
[27]A.Komornik and J.G.Zeitten,Laboratory Determination of Lateral and Vertical Stresses in Compacted Swelling Clay,Journal of Materials,JMLSA,1970(1):108 ～128.
[28]孙钧,李成江.复合膨胀渗水围岩-隧道支护系统的流变机理及其粘弹塑性效应,中国科学院基金资助课题,上海,1985.
[29] L.R.Davison &J.H.Atkinson.Continuous Oedometer Testing of Soils Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,London,1990,vol.23.
[30]M.Gysel.Design Methods for Structure in Swelling Rock,ISRM Volume VI.
[31]YangQing. A Triaxial Swelling Test for Swelling Rock. Journal of Baotou University of Iron and Steel Technology.1996.Mar1996:22～27.
[32]杨庆,焦建奎,孪茂田.膨胀岩土侧限膨胀试验新方法与膨胀本构关系.岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):49～52
[33]Zhengjianjun and YangQing,The Research of 3D Swelling Constitutive Relation of Swelling Rock. Journal of Baotou University of Iron and Steel Technology.1996,15(3):32～37.
[34]杨庆,廖国华.膨胀岩三轴膨胀试验的研究.岩土力学与工程学报.1994,15(1):51～58.
[35]杨庆,膨胀岩与巷道稳定,冶金出版社,1995.
[36]焦建奎,膨胀岩膨胀特性的试验研究,大连理工大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[37]缪协兴,杨成永,膨胀岩中的湿度应力场理论,岩土力学,1993(4):49～55.
[38]缪协兴,湿度应力场的耦合方程,力学与实践,1995(6):22～24.
[39]卢爱红,茅献彪.湿度应力场的数值模拟.岩土力学与工程学报.21(增2):2470～ 2473.
[40]Omer E.M FADOL. Upheaval deformations of ground induced by expansive soils and application to site assessment.Chinese Journal of GeotechniclE Engineering, 2004 26(3):412～415.
[41]杨和平,郑健龙.云南楚大公路膨胀土的土性研究.中国公路学报,2002,15(1):10～14.