基于现场总线构架的智能化小区监控系统
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摘要
现场总线采用智能现场设备，突破了分布式控制系统的缺陷。现场总线控制系统的信号传输实现了全数字化，系统结构为全分散式，通信网络为开放式互连网络，技术和标准实现了全开放。现场总线控制体系引入智能社区管理系统，实现了智能社区的升级换代，提高了智能化整体水平。
本文课题是上海市交通部重点实验室建设的子项目。课题来源于实验室建设，研究成果可应用于智能化小区的建设。本文运用计算机技术、通信技术和自动控制技术，以单片机、DeviceNet总线与上位工控机为核心，设计并构筑了智能化小区系统。
设计的智能化小区系统结构形式具有以下特点：
(1)系统包括1个安装在智能社区管理中心的中央监控计算机，它主要负责对整个智能社区智能节点的组网、报警信息的实时显示、报警历史信息的查询、三表数据的计量与统计以及社区住户信息的管理等任务。实际上，中央监控计算机本身也是1个DeviceNet网络智能节点，这里我们通过插于上位监控计算机上PCI插槽上的由SST公司提供的板卡5136—DNP—PCI主站接口卡与DeviceNet网络连接在一起。
(2)对每一幢居民楼作为1个通信节点，主要负责采集整幢居民楼中每一住户室内的报警信号数据以及水、电、气三表的使用情况，并将这些数据通过DeviceNet网络上传至中央监控计算机。
(3)每一住户室内装有一个用户级监测器，负责整个住户室内的安全状态信息的监测和传送，包括门禁控制、火灾报警、煤气报警、盗窃报警、紧急求助以及三表抄送。根据该用户监测器设计了一个对ATMEL89c51系列芯片加以功能扩展的单片机控制系统。
在本课题中，我们将模拟量与开关量信号的传感器通过DeviceNet总线模块(包括数字量输入、数字量输出、模拟量输入、模拟量输出模块以及适配控制器模块)，与安装在上位工控机PCI插槽中的主站通信适配卡进行连接，实现了传感器，总线模块以及上位机的通信，并且运用VB语言所编的上位监控软件实现了对底层输入量的监控，此结果可应用于智能化小区中。为方便智能化小区结构
的进一步扩展以及考虑到系统廉价性，我们对系统的扩展方案进行了探索，并且
需要进一步完善。一方面我们将传感器通过单片机系统，再由单片机系统与
DeviceNet总线连接:为了充分发挥DeviCeNet的总线优势，另一方面，我们对
Devi ceNet的从设备进行了探索和尝试开发，此部分有待进一步完善。为拓展智
能化小区系统的实用功能，将三表计量纳入到此监控系统中，逐步完善智能化小
区的功能，达到更好的实用效果。系统不仅通过SST软件包实现了DeviceNet
网络的设置、通讯和监控，还用VB实现了节点的自动配置，实现了系统的自我
管理，无论是10点的变化还是总线节点、模块的变化，只要保持系统配置数据
库中的数据与物理连接相一致，系统的软、硬件无需人为改动。
DeviceNet是基于以N总线的一种现场总线协议，其物理层与CAN相同，因
此在设计从适配设备时，采用与CAN从设备所用相同的主芯片。DeviceNet是我
国现场总线的标准，具有通用性，而且具有价格低廉，可靠性高等特点。因此我
们选择DeviceNet为网络构架总线。
The fieldbus control system adopts intelligent equipments, breaking through the faults of the distributed control system. The signal transfer accomplishes the wholly digitalization. The structure of the system is wholly distributed, the network is open connected, the technology and the standard achieve wholly open. The fieldbus control system is introduced into the intelligent community management system so that the intelligent community is upgraded, and the whole level is enhanced.
This paper describes research works involved in the important sub items of new laboratory's construction which is coming from the fund of the ministry of communications in order to extend to the construction of the intelligent community. In this project, we make use of the computer technology, the communication technology and the auto-control technology. MCU , DeviceNet fieldbus modules and the top-level control computer are the cores in this project.
The structure of the intelligent community has features as follows: (1) central monitor computer is installed in the system. It is mainly in charge of the network configuration , the real-time show of the alarm information, the query of the historical information, the measurement and the statistic of the three mete, the management of the customer's information, and so on. In fact , the central computer is also a DeviceNet network node. Here we connect the DeviceNet network and the master node interface card 5136-DNP-PCI of SST company.
(2) The residential building as a communication node is mainly in charge of collecting the alarm signal in every house and the information of three meters. These data are transferred to the central control computer via DeviceNet network. This paper describes the communication manner of the
network.
(3) There is a detector for each customer in every customer's home, which is in charge of the security status detection and transfer including the doorcontrok firealarnru gasalarnrK burglar alarm> urgency query and three meters' copy and transfer. According to the customers' detectors , we design and construct a MCU control system based on AT89C51 single chip and extend its functions.
In this project, we connect the analog and digital detectors( including the digital input, digital output, analog input, analog output modules and adapt control modules) with the master communication adapt card which is installed in the PCI slot of the computer. The communication of the top-level computer , the detectors and the fieldbus modules is accomplished. According to the scale and the demand of the system, we design the monitor picture. We use the Visual Basic 6.0 to achieve the software design for direct data test , interface simulation , auto-control and hand-control node configuration to get the goal of monitor and alarm. In order to extend the system and reduce the cost and the system, we explore in the extension of it, and it need to be developed further. On one hand, we connect detectors with the MCU, connect the MCU with the DeviceNet fieldbus; On the other hand, we also explore in the slave equipment of DeviceNet. In order to extend the applicable functions, we combine the three-meters with the network to develop the network. Not only can we use SST software kits to achieve the self-management , we also use VB to achieve the node's self-configuration. Either the change of the the I/O node or the change of the modules, if only the connection of the data in the database of the system configuration is the same with the physical devices, we need no more change with the software and the hardware.
DeviceNet fieldbus is a kind of fieldbus protocol based on CANbus. It has the same physical layer protocol with the CANbus. So when we design the slave equipment, we adopt the same core chip with the CAN slave
equipment. DeviceNet is the standard of China's fieldbus and has common utility. It is cheaper and stable. So we choose DeviceNet as the fieldbus in the infrastructure of the network.
本文课题是上海市交通部重点实验室建设的子项目。课题来源于实验室建设，研究成果可应用于智能化小区的建设。本文运用计算机技术、通信技术和自动控制技术，以单片机、DeviceNet总线与上位工控机为核心，设计并构筑了智能化小区系统。
设计的智能化小区系统结构形式具有以下特点：
(1)系统包括1个安装在智能社区管理中心的中央监控计算机，它主要负责对整个智能社区智能节点的组网、报警信息的实时显示、报警历史信息的查询、三表数据的计量与统计以及社区住户信息的管理等任务。实际上，中央监控计算机本身也是1个DeviceNet网络智能节点，这里我们通过插于上位监控计算机上PCI插槽上的由SST公司提供的板卡5136—DNP—PCI主站接口卡与DeviceNet网络连接在一起。
(2)对每一幢居民楼作为1个通信节点，主要负责采集整幢居民楼中每一住户室内的报警信号数据以及水、电、气三表的使用情况，并将这些数据通过DeviceNet网络上传至中央监控计算机。
(3)每一住户室内装有一个用户级监测器，负责整个住户室内的安全状态信息的监测和传送，包括门禁控制、火灾报警、煤气报警、盗窃报警、紧急求助以及三表抄送。根据该用户监测器设计了一个对ATMEL89c51系列芯片加以功能扩展的单片机控制系统。
在本课题中，我们将模拟量与开关量信号的传感器通过DeviceNet总线模块(包括数字量输入、数字量输出、模拟量输入、模拟量输出模块以及适配控制器模块)，与安装在上位工控机PCI插槽中的主站通信适配卡进行连接，实现了传感器，总线模块以及上位机的通信，并且运用VB语言所编的上位监控软件实现了对底层输入量的监控，此结果可应用于智能化小区中。为方便智能化小区结构
的进一步扩展以及考虑到系统廉价性，我们对系统的扩展方案进行了探索，并且
需要进一步完善。一方面我们将传感器通过单片机系统，再由单片机系统与
DeviceNet总线连接:为了充分发挥DeviCeNet的总线优势，另一方面，我们对
Devi ceNet的从设备进行了探索和尝试开发，此部分有待进一步完善。为拓展智
能化小区系统的实用功能，将三表计量纳入到此监控系统中，逐步完善智能化小
区的功能，达到更好的实用效果。系统不仅通过SST软件包实现了DeviceNet
网络的设置、通讯和监控，还用VB实现了节点的自动配置，实现了系统的自我
管理，无论是10点的变化还是总线节点、模块的变化，只要保持系统配置数据
库中的数据与物理连接相一致，系统的软、硬件无需人为改动。
DeviceNet是基于以N总线的一种现场总线协议，其物理层与CAN相同，因
此在设计从适配设备时，采用与CAN从设备所用相同的主芯片。DeviceNet是我
国现场总线的标准，具有通用性，而且具有价格低廉，可靠性高等特点。因此我
们选择DeviceNet为网络构架总线。
The fieldbus control system adopts intelligent equipments, breaking through the faults of the distributed control system. The signal transfer accomplishes the wholly digitalization. The structure of the system is wholly distributed, the network is open connected, the technology and the standard achieve wholly open. The fieldbus control system is introduced into the intelligent community management system so that the intelligent community is upgraded, and the whole level is enhanced.
This paper describes research works involved in the important sub items of new laboratory's construction which is coming from the fund of the ministry of communications in order to extend to the construction of the intelligent community. In this project, we make use of the computer technology, the communication technology and the auto-control technology. MCU , DeviceNet fieldbus modules and the top-level control computer are the cores in this project.
The structure of the intelligent community has features as follows: (1) central monitor computer is installed in the system. It is mainly in charge of the network configuration , the real-time show of the alarm information, the query of the historical information, the measurement and the statistic of the three mete, the management of the customer's information, and so on. In fact , the central computer is also a DeviceNet network node. Here we connect the DeviceNet network and the master node interface card 5136-DNP-PCI of SST company.
(2) The residential building as a communication node is mainly in charge of collecting the alarm signal in every house and the information of three meters. These data are transferred to the central control computer via DeviceNet network. This paper describes the communication manner of the
network.
(3) There is a detector for each customer in every customer's home, which is in charge of the security status detection and transfer including the doorcontrok firealarnru gasalarnrK burglar alarm> urgency query and three meters' copy and transfer. According to the customers' detectors , we design and construct a MCU control system based on AT89C51 single chip and extend its functions.
In this project, we connect the analog and digital detectors( including the digital input, digital output, analog input, analog output modules and adapt control modules) with the master communication adapt card which is installed in the PCI slot of the computer. The communication of the top-level computer , the detectors and the fieldbus modules is accomplished. According to the scale and the demand of the system, we design the monitor picture. We use the Visual Basic 6.0 to achieve the software design for direct data test , interface simulation , auto-control and hand-control node configuration to get the goal of monitor and alarm. In order to extend the system and reduce the cost and the system, we explore in the extension of it, and it need to be developed further. On one hand, we connect detectors with the MCU, connect the MCU with the DeviceNet fieldbus; On the other hand, we also explore in the slave equipment of DeviceNet. In order to extend the applicable functions, we combine the three-meters with the network to develop the network. Not only can we use SST software kits to achieve the self-management , we also use VB to achieve the node's self-configuration. Either the change of the the I/O node or the change of the modules, if only the connection of the data in the database of the system configuration is the same with the physical devices, we need no more change with the software and the hardware.
DeviceNet fieldbus is a kind of fieldbus protocol based on CANbus. It has the same physical layer protocol with the CANbus. So when we design the slave equipment, we adopt the same core chip with the CAN slave
equipment. DeviceNet is the standard of China's fieldbus and has common utility. It is cheaper and stable. So we choose DeviceNet as the fieldbus in the infrastructure of the network.
引文
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[2] Art Baker．Windows 2000设备驱动程序设计指南(第2版)．机械工业出版社．2001．
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[2] Art Baker．Windows 2000设备驱动程序设计指南(第2版)．机械工业出版社．2001．
[3] Philips Inc. SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller Application Note.
[4] Atmel Inc. AT89C51 Manual.
[5] 建设部《全国住宅小区智能化系统示范工程建议要点与技术守则》(试行稿)．1999．12．10．
[6] 李林．智能大厦系统工程．北京：电子工业出版社．1998．1．
[7] 康博创作室．Visual Basic新起点6.0实用教程．机械工业出版社．1999．
[8] 李华 孙晓民．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1993．
[9] 余永权．ATMEL89系列单片机应用技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．2002．4．
[10] 沈红卫．单片机应用系统设计实例与分析．北京航空航天大学出版社．2003．1．
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