跨组织的工作流过程集成技术研究
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摘要
传统的工作流技术主要解决组织内的业务过程管理问题,随着业务需求和计算机技术的发展,需要进一步研究跨组织的工作流过程集成技术,以实现组织间的过程交互,达到共同的业务目标。工作流过程集成关注过程交互关系,旨在已有工作流过程的基础上自动完成过程调用与信息交换。在电子商务和电子政务蓬勃发展的今天,工作流过程集成技术具有广阔的应用前景,受到业界和学术界的普遍重视。
工作流过程在工作流系统的管理下,具有分布、自治和异构的特点,它们之间存在复杂的过程交互关系。为了实现跨组织的工作流过程集成,需要解决下列问题。如何规约过程集成模型,如何归纳过程交互类型以支持复用,如何验证过程间的交互关系。在此基础上,需要开发过程集成平台以执行集成模型,保证工作流过程协调一致完成目标。近年来,在以上方面已取得了一些有价值的研究成果,但由于过程集成研究开始较晚,还存在一些不足,未达到大规模应用的程度。
针对上述问题,结合青鸟工作流管理系统的实践,本文在过程集成语言、过程交互模式、过程集成模型分析、以及过程集成平台等方面,对跨组织的工作流过程集成技术进行了较为深入的研究和实践工作。主要内容包括:
1.提出了一种跨组织的工作流过程集成元模型。针对OMG的BPDM(业务过程定义元模型)进行适当改进,包括显式定义消息交换类型,增加交互间的消息依赖关系,并指明选择分支的交互角色。以此为基础研究半形式化的过程集成建模技术。
2.提出了一种基于同步网的、表达工作流过程集成的形式化规约方法。集成工作流网通过交互同步器连接相关过程的同步网,可以描述过程间的“发送-接收”和“同步执行”等交互关系,具有较强的表达能力。以此为基础研究形式化的过程集成建模技术,建立了半形式化模型到形式化模型的映射规则。
3.提炼了一组过程交互模式。从控制依赖、消息依赖和多方路由三个方面精化过程交互元素,以指导过程集成建模。
4.提出了验证集成工作流网模型畅通性的分析方法。通过抽象、封装、投影等方法将集成工作流网模型转化为同步网模型,继而利用模型化简和同步可达图分析进行验证。
5.设计了一种工作流过程集成的实现机制,并据此开发了一个过程集成平台原型。通过注册、绑定和协作,工作流过程可以基于过程集成模型完成交互。该平台具有“代理者”风格的体系结构,主要包括过程集成管理器和过程代理。
Traditional workflow techniques are mainly used to manage business processes within one organization. Along with proliferation of business requirement and progress of computer technology, it is necessary to research cross-organizational workflow process integration techniques, in order to implement process interactions among different organizations and achieve a common business goal. Workflow process integration concerns interactions among processes, and aims at automatic process invocation and information exchange for existing workflow processes. Since e-business and e-government are in rapid development nowadays, workflow process integration techniques will be widely applied; therefore, they are emphasized in both industry and academia.
Managed by workflow system, workflow processes are distributed, autonomic and heterogeneous, and complex process interactions occur among them. In order to implement workflow process integration, several problems need to be resolved. They include how to specify process integration model, how to conclude process interaction forms to reuse them, and how to verify process interactions. Based on them, process integration platform will be developed to execute integration model, and to ensure processes to work together. There are already valuable research works recently, but some insufficiency still exists and the research has not been applied widely.
For the problems above, with the practice of JadeBird Workflow Management System, some research and practical works on cross-organizational workflow process integration techniques have been done in this dissertation, in aspects of process integration language, process interaction pattern, process integration model analysis and process integration platform, which are as follows.
1. A cross-organizational workflow process integration meta-model is proposed. Business Process Definition Metamodel from OMG is modified for the specific problem, which includes explicit definition of message exchange type, addition of message dependency between interactions and assignment of interaction role to splitchoice. Based on it, semiformal process integration modeling techniques are researched.
2. A Synchronization Net-based specification method is proposed for workflow process integration. Integration WorkFlow Net connects multiple synchronization nets of related processes through interaction synchronizers, specifies process interaction such as“send-receive”and“synchronization execution”, and provides powerful expressive ability. Based on it, formal process integration modeling techniques are researched, and mapping rules from semiformal model to formal model are built.
3. A set of process interaction patterns are distilled. They include control dependency, message dependency and multi-part routing patterns, which are used to guide process integration modeling as an effective reuse approach.
4. Some model analysis methods are presented to verify throughness of Integration WorkFlow Net model. The formal integration model is transformated to Synchronization Net model through abstraction, encapsulation and projection, and then is verified by model simplification and synchronous reachable graph.
5. An implementation mechanism of workflow process integration is designed, and a prototype of workflow process integration platform is developed correspondingly. Through registration, binding and collaboration, workflow processes can interact with each other based on integration model. The platform has the Broker-style software architecture, mainly including process integration manager and process proxy.
工作流过程在工作流系统的管理下,具有分布、自治和异构的特点,它们之间存在复杂的过程交互关系。为了实现跨组织的工作流过程集成,需要解决下列问题。如何规约过程集成模型,如何归纳过程交互类型以支持复用,如何验证过程间的交互关系。在此基础上,需要开发过程集成平台以执行集成模型,保证工作流过程协调一致完成目标。近年来,在以上方面已取得了一些有价值的研究成果,但由于过程集成研究开始较晚,还存在一些不足,未达到大规模应用的程度。
针对上述问题,结合青鸟工作流管理系统的实践,本文在过程集成语言、过程交互模式、过程集成模型分析、以及过程集成平台等方面,对跨组织的工作流过程集成技术进行了较为深入的研究和实践工作。主要内容包括:
1.提出了一种跨组织的工作流过程集成元模型。针对OMG的BPDM(业务过程定义元模型)进行适当改进,包括显式定义消息交换类型,增加交互间的消息依赖关系,并指明选择分支的交互角色。以此为基础研究半形式化的过程集成建模技术。
2.提出了一种基于同步网的、表达工作流过程集成的形式化规约方法。集成工作流网通过交互同步器连接相关过程的同步网,可以描述过程间的“发送-接收”和“同步执行”等交互关系,具有较强的表达能力。以此为基础研究形式化的过程集成建模技术,建立了半形式化模型到形式化模型的映射规则。
3.提炼了一组过程交互模式。从控制依赖、消息依赖和多方路由三个方面精化过程交互元素,以指导过程集成建模。
4.提出了验证集成工作流网模型畅通性的分析方法。通过抽象、封装、投影等方法将集成工作流网模型转化为同步网模型,继而利用模型化简和同步可达图分析进行验证。
5.设计了一种工作流过程集成的实现机制,并据此开发了一个过程集成平台原型。通过注册、绑定和协作,工作流过程可以基于过程集成模型完成交互。该平台具有“代理者”风格的体系结构,主要包括过程集成管理器和过程代理。
Traditional workflow techniques are mainly used to manage business processes within one organization. Along with proliferation of business requirement and progress of computer technology, it is necessary to research cross-organizational workflow process integration techniques, in order to implement process interactions among different organizations and achieve a common business goal. Workflow process integration concerns interactions among processes, and aims at automatic process invocation and information exchange for existing workflow processes. Since e-business and e-government are in rapid development nowadays, workflow process integration techniques will be widely applied; therefore, they are emphasized in both industry and academia.
Managed by workflow system, workflow processes are distributed, autonomic and heterogeneous, and complex process interactions occur among them. In order to implement workflow process integration, several problems need to be resolved. They include how to specify process integration model, how to conclude process interaction forms to reuse them, and how to verify process interactions. Based on them, process integration platform will be developed to execute integration model, and to ensure processes to work together. There are already valuable research works recently, but some insufficiency still exists and the research has not been applied widely.
For the problems above, with the practice of JadeBird Workflow Management System, some research and practical works on cross-organizational workflow process integration techniques have been done in this dissertation, in aspects of process integration language, process interaction pattern, process integration model analysis and process integration platform, which are as follows.
1. A cross-organizational workflow process integration meta-model is proposed. Business Process Definition Metamodel from OMG is modified for the specific problem, which includes explicit definition of message exchange type, addition of message dependency between interactions and assignment of interaction role to splitchoice. Based on it, semiformal process integration modeling techniques are researched.
2. A Synchronization Net-based specification method is proposed for workflow process integration. Integration WorkFlow Net connects multiple synchronization nets of related processes through interaction synchronizers, specifies process interaction such as“send-receive”and“synchronization execution”, and provides powerful expressive ability. Based on it, formal process integration modeling techniques are researched, and mapping rules from semiformal model to formal model are built.
3. A set of process interaction patterns are distilled. They include control dependency, message dependency and multi-part routing patterns, which are used to guide process integration modeling as an effective reuse approach.
4. Some model analysis methods are presented to verify throughness of Integration WorkFlow Net model. The formal integration model is transformated to Synchronization Net model through abstraction, encapsulation and projection, and then is verified by model simplification and synchronous reachable graph.
5. An implementation mechanism of workflow process integration is designed, and a prototype of workflow process integration platform is developed correspondingly. Through registration, binding and collaboration, workflow processes can interact with each other based on integration model. The platform has the Broker-style software architecture, mainly including process integration manager and process proxy.
引文
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[Aals99] W.M.P. van der Aalst. Process-Oriented Architectures for Electronic Commerce and Interorganizational Workflow, Information Systems Vol. 24, No. 8. pp. 639-671, 1999
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[Aal01b] WMP van der Aalst, How to Handle Dynamic Change and Capture Management Information: An Approach Based on Generic Workflow Models , Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 15(5), pp.267-276, 2001
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[Chi05] 迟美娜. 基于 PNML 的青鸟过程部署工具的设计和实现. 北京大学硕士论文, 2005
[Clar01] J. Clark and M. Murata (eds.). RELAX NG specification. http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/relax-ng/. 2001/12/03.
[CPPA] UN/CEFACT and OASIS (2002). Collaboration-Protocol Profile and Agreement Specification, Version 2.0. http://www.oasis-open.org/ committees/ebxml-cppa/documents/ebCPP-2_0.pdf
[Diog06] Diogo Ferreira, On the Concurrency of Inter-organizational Business Processes, Proc. of the OTM Federated Conferences and Workshops (OTM 2006), LNCS 4277, Springer, pp. 844-853, 2006
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[ebXML] UN/CEFACT and OASIS (2001) ebXML Techinical Architecture Specification version1.0.4. http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebTA.pdf
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[Gou03] Hongmei Gou, Biqing Huang, Wenhuang Liu, Xiu Li. A Framework for Virtual Enterprise Operation Management. Computers in Industry, 50, pp.333–352, 2003
[Gref00] P. Grefen, K. Aberer, Y. Hoffner, H. Ludwig, CrossFlow: Cross- organizational Workflow Management in Dynamic Virtual Enterprises, Comp. Sys. Sci. and Eng., 15(5), pp.277-290, 2000
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[Aal98a] W.M.P. van der Aalst. The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management. The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, Vol.8,No.1, pp.21–66, 1998
[Aal98b] W.M.P van der Aalst. Modeling and Analyzing Inter-organizational Workflows. Proc. of the International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design, Fukushima, Japan, pp.262–272, 1998
[Aals99] W.M.P. van der Aalst. Process-Oriented Architectures for Electronic Commerce and Interorganizational Workflow, Information Systems Vol. 24, No. 8. pp. 639-671, 1999
[Aal01a] W.M.P. van der Aalst, M. Weske, The P2P approach to Interorganizational Workflows, CAiSE’01, LNCS 2068, Springer, pp.140-156, 2001
[Aal01b] WMP van der Aalst, How to Handle Dynamic Change and Capture Management Information: An Approach Based on Generic Workflow Models , Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 15(5), pp.267-276, 2001
[Aal03a] W.M.P. van der Aalst, A.H.M. ter Hofstede, B. Kiepuszewski, and A.P. Barros. Workow Patterns. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 14(3), pp.5-51, 2003
[Bar05a] Alistair Barros, Marlon Dumas and Arthur ter Hofstede. Service Interaction Patterns: Towards a Reference Framework for Service-based Business Process Interconnection. Technical Report FIT-TR-2005-02, Faculty of Information Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, March 2005
[Bar05b] Alistair Barros and Egon Boerger. A Compositional Framework for Service Interaction Patterns and Interaction Flows. Proc. of the Seventh International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM'2005), Manchester, UK, Springer Verlag, pp. 5-35, November 2005
[Bass 98] Len Bass, Paul Clements, Rick Kazman, Software architecture in practice, Addsion Wesley Longman, 1998
[Bill03] J. Billington, et al., The Petri Net Markup Language: Concepts, Technology, and Tools. Proc. Int'l Conf. Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2003
[BPDM03] OMG, Business Process Definition Metamodel Request For Proposal, OMG Document bei/2003-01-06, January 2003, available at http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?bei/2003-1-6
[BPDM06] OMG, Business Process Definition MetaModel(BPDM), OMG Document bmi/2006-11-03
[BPMN06] OMG Specification. Business Process Modeling Notation Specification, dtc/06-02-01
[BPSS03] UN/CEFACT TMG (2003b) ebXML business process specification, Version 1.10. http://www.untmg.org/dmdocuments/BPSS_v110_2003_ 10_ 18.pdf
[Busc96] Frank Buschmann, Regine Meunier, Hans Rohnert, Peter Sommerlad, Michael Stal. Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture Volume 1: A System of Patterns. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1996
[Casa01] Casati F, Discenza A. Modeling and managing interactions among business processes. Journal of Sys-tems Integration, Vol.10, No.2, pp.145-168, 2001
[Cheb06] I. Chebbi, S. Dustdar, S. Tata, The view-based approach to dynamic inter-organizational workflow cooperation, Data and Knowledge Eng., 56(2), 2006
[Chi05] 迟美娜. 基于 PNML 的青鸟过程部署工具的设计和实现. 北京大学硕士论文, 2005
[Clar01] J. Clark and M. Murata (eds.). RELAX NG specification. http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/relax-ng/. 2001/12/03.
[CPPA] UN/CEFACT and OASIS (2002). Collaboration-Protocol Profile and Agreement Specification, Version 2.0. http://www.oasis-open.org/ committees/ebxml-cppa/documents/ebCPP-2_0.pdf
[Diog06] Diogo Ferreira, On the Concurrency of Inter-organizational Business Processes, Proc. of the OTM Federated Conferences and Workshops (OTM 2006), LNCS 4277, Springer, pp. 844-853, 2006
[Duma01] Dumas M, ter Hofstede AHM, UML Activity Diagrams as a Workflow Specification Language. Proc. of the 4th international conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML): modeling languages concepts and tools. Springer LNCS2185, pp 76–90, 2001
[ebXML] UN/CEFACT and OASIS (2001) ebXML Techinical Architecture Specification version1.0.4. http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebTA.pdf
[Ghaf05] Memon Abdul Ghafoor, Jianwei Yin, Jinxiang Dong, and Maree Mujeeb-u-Rehman. Deploying π-Calculus Technology in Inter-organizational Process. Proc. of WAIM 2005, LNCS 3739, pp.538–555, 2005.
[Gira03] Claude Girault and Rüdiger Valk, Petri nets for Systems Engineering – A Guide to Modeling, Verification, and Application. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003
[Gof95] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison Wesley, 1995.
[Gou03] Hongmei Gou, Biqing Huang, Wenhuang Liu, Xiu Li. A Framework for Virtual Enterprise Operation Management. Computers in Industry, 50, pp.333–352, 2003
[Gref00] P. Grefen, K. Aberer, Y. Hoffner, H. Ludwig, CrossFlow: Cross- organizational Workflow Management in Dynamic Virtual Enterprises, Comp. Sys. Sci. and Eng., 15(5), pp.277-290, 2000
[Hans02] James E. Hanson, Prabir Nandi, Santhosh Kumaran. Conversation Support for Business Process Integration,. Proc. of the 6th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing (EDOC'02), pp 65-74, 2002.
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