多输入双向DC-DC变换器控制和能量管理策略的研究
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摘要
随着能源危机和环境问题的日益严重，新能源的开发利用已经成为一种必然的趋势。将多种形式的新能源和储能设备结合起来组成新能源联合供电系统，可以实现新能源的高效利用，得到稳定的电力输出。但是在新能源联合供电系统中，每个新能源发电单元和储能单元都需要独立的DC-DC变换器，将各能源转化的电能转换为直流输出，并联在公共直流母线端。为了整合系统拓扑及控制结构，采用一个多输入直流变换器(Multiple-Input Converter)代替多个单独的DC-DC变换器，不仅可以简化新能源联合供电系统的结构，还能降低系统运行成本。本文以光伏电池和蓄电池作为输入源，对多输入直流变换器的控制和能量管理策略进行了研究。
本文在查阅了大量的国内外资料的基础上，选定了多输入双向半桥变换器作为本系统的研究拓扑。根据能量的传递方向将电路的工作过程分为正反两个状态，结合电路的工作波形分别对正反两个状态下的电路工作原理进行了分析，并根据能量关系的不同确定了电路的三种工作模式。
重点对系统的闭环控制和能量管理策略进行研究。为了实现光伏电池的最大功率跟踪控制和确保系统输出电压的稳定，采用PWM+相移的控制策略。通过MATLAB仿真对系统的整体运行状况进行了验证，仿真结果证明了系统闭环控制策略的有效性：当光伏电池的输出功率或负载端功率发生变化时，系统可以实现工作模式的自动切换。
最后对系统的硬件电路和软件实现进行了设计，搭建了系统实验平台，以DSP芯片dsPIC33FJ16GS504为控制核心，编写了相关软件程序，对系统的工作过程进行了实验验证，实验结果与理论分析和仿真波形一致，验证了系统控制策略的正确性和可行性，基本实现了预期的研究目标。
With the increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental problems, the newenergy development and utilization has become an inevitable trend. By combining varietyof new forms of energy and energy storage device, a high energy efficiency can beachieved and a stable power output can be obtained. In the new energy power supplysystem, DC-DC converter is required in each new energy power generation unit and theenergy storage unit, which converts the eletrical energy to DC output, which connected tothe DC bus terminal. In order to integrate the system topology and control structure, amultiple-input DC-DC converter is used instead of the original multiple separate powerconverter, it can simplify the new energy supply system structure, reduce the system cost.In this paper, by using the photovoltaic cell and battery as the input source, a research isdone on the multiple- input DC-DC converter control and energy management strategy.
In this paper, multiple-input bidirectional half-bridge converter system is selected asresearch topology, based on a large number of domestic and foreign information,According to the energy transfer directions, the working process of the circuit is dividedinto two positive and negative state, combined with the circuit work waveform of positiveand negative to analysis the circuit principle. and three working modes of the circuit isproposed according to the different energy relationship
This paper is focused on the system closed loop control and energy managementstrategy. In order to achieve photovoltaic maximum power tracking control and ensure thestability of the output voltage, to determined the PWM + phase shift control strategy. Therunning status of the whole system is verified through Matlab simulation, the simulationresults show that the closed loop control strategy is effective, when the output power ofphotovoltaic cell or the load power is changed, the system can realize the working modeswitching automatically.
Finally, the system hardware circuit and the main components of the parameters weredesigned in this paper. A system experimental platform is built, with the DSP chipdsPIC33FJ16GS504 as the control core, By software programming, working process of the system was verified by the experiment. The feasibility and correctness of the proposedtheory are verified according to the experimental results and the simulation waveforms,basically achieve the research objectives.
本文在查阅了大量的国内外资料的基础上，选定了多输入双向半桥变换器作为本系统的研究拓扑。根据能量的传递方向将电路的工作过程分为正反两个状态，结合电路的工作波形分别对正反两个状态下的电路工作原理进行了分析，并根据能量关系的不同确定了电路的三种工作模式。
重点对系统的闭环控制和能量管理策略进行研究。为了实现光伏电池的最大功率跟踪控制和确保系统输出电压的稳定，采用PWM+相移的控制策略。通过MATLAB仿真对系统的整体运行状况进行了验证，仿真结果证明了系统闭环控制策略的有效性：当光伏电池的输出功率或负载端功率发生变化时，系统可以实现工作模式的自动切换。
最后对系统的硬件电路和软件实现进行了设计，搭建了系统实验平台，以DSP芯片dsPIC33FJ16GS504为控制核心，编写了相关软件程序，对系统的工作过程进行了实验验证，实验结果与理论分析和仿真波形一致，验证了系统控制策略的正确性和可行性，基本实现了预期的研究目标。
With the increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental problems, the newenergy development and utilization has become an inevitable trend. By combining varietyof new forms of energy and energy storage device, a high energy efficiency can beachieved and a stable power output can be obtained. In the new energy power supplysystem, DC-DC converter is required in each new energy power generation unit and theenergy storage unit, which converts the eletrical energy to DC output, which connected tothe DC bus terminal. In order to integrate the system topology and control structure, amultiple-input DC-DC converter is used instead of the original multiple separate powerconverter, it can simplify the new energy supply system structure, reduce the system cost.In this paper, by using the photovoltaic cell and battery as the input source, a research isdone on the multiple- input DC-DC converter control and energy management strategy.
In this paper, multiple-input bidirectional half-bridge converter system is selected asresearch topology, based on a large number of domestic and foreign information,According to the energy transfer directions, the working process of the circuit is dividedinto two positive and negative state, combined with the circuit work waveform of positiveand negative to analysis the circuit principle. and three working modes of the circuit isproposed according to the different energy relationship
This paper is focused on the system closed loop control and energy managementstrategy. In order to achieve photovoltaic maximum power tracking control and ensure thestability of the output voltage, to determined the PWM + phase shift control strategy. Therunning status of the whole system is verified through Matlab simulation, the simulationresults show that the closed loop control strategy is effective, when the output power ofphotovoltaic cell or the load power is changed, the system can realize the working modeswitching automatically.
Finally, the system hardware circuit and the main components of the parameters weredesigned in this paper. A system experimental platform is built, with the DSP chipdsPIC33FJ16GS504 as the control core, By software programming, working process of the system was verified by the experiment. The feasibility and correctness of the proposedtheory are verified according to the experimental results and the simulation waveforms,basically achieve the research objectives.
引文
[1]江泽民.中国能源问题研究[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社, 2008: 15-20.
[2]赵新一.新能源发展展望[C].中国电力论坛论文集, 2009, (10) :20-31.
[3] Lai, Nanjun New energy development and utilization of the China National Offshore OilCorporation[C]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 347-353: 1172-1179.
[4]周敬森,陈厚桂.新能源探索和光伏发电实验装置的设计[J].通信电源技术, 2011, (5): 53-54.
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[6]缪仁杰，李淑兰.太阳能利用现状与发展前景[J].应用能源技术, 2007, (05): 28-33.
[7] Qin, Weifeng Research on development mode of energy management contract in new energyfield[C] Advanced Materials Research. 2012, 403-408: 3004-3008.
[8]邢运民,张文娟.新能源与可再生能源发电技术的发展[J].西华大学学报自然科学版, 2007,(26): 50-52.
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[19] Tao H. Family of multiport bidirectional DC-DC converters[J]. IEEE Proceedings on ElectricPower Applications. 2006: 451-458.
[20] Tao H. Multiport converters for hybrid power sources[C]. presented at IEEE Power ElectronicsSpecialists Conference, 2008: 3412-3418.
[21]王经明,何志伟.多输入直流变换器介绍[J].电源世界, 2005, (03):1-4.
[22] Choung S H, Kwasinski A. Multiple-input DC-DC converter topologies comparison[J]. 2008:2359-2364.
[23] Dobbs B G, Chapman P L. A multiple-input DC-DC converter topology[J]. IEEE PowerElectronics Letters, 2003, (1): 6-9.
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[36]张士明.基于DSP控制的双向DC/DC变换器研究[J].电力电子技术, 2007, (41): 24-26.
[37]肖鹏.一种新型光伏独立发电系统拓扑及控制策略[J].上海大学学报自然科学版, 2008, (14):633-636.
[38]孔娟.太阳能光伏发电系统的研究[D]青岛:青岛大学, 2006: 12-18.
[39] Chen Y, Smedley K M. A cost-effective single-stage inverter with maximum power pointtracking[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004, (19): 1289-1294.
[40] Veerachary M. Voltage-based maximum power point tracking control of PV system[J]. IEEETransactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2002, (38): 262-270.
[41] Park J H. Dual-module-based maximum power point tracking control of photovoltaic systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006, (53): 1036-1047.
[42]刘辉.太阳能电池最大功率跟踪技术研究[J].武汉科技学院学报, 2005, (18): 12-15.
[43]周林.光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪控制方法综述[J].高电压技术, 2008, (34): 1145-1154.
[44] Kuo Y C. Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversionsystem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2001, (48): 594-601.
[45]李玲.光伏系统最大功率点跟踪方法[J].可再生能源, 2007, (25): 85-87.
[46] Esram T, Chapman P L. Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point trackingtechniques[J]. IEEE transactions on Energy conversion, 2007, (22): 439-449.
[47]马学军.数字移相控制隔离型半桥双向DC/DC变换器研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2005:19-48.
[48]李艳.一种新的双输入直流变换器[J].电工技术学报, 2008, (06): 77-82.
[49] Xiao H, Xie S. A ZVS bidirectional DC–DC converter with phase-shift plus PWM controlscheme[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, (23): 813-823.
[50] Xu D. A PWM plus phase-shift control bidirectional DC-DC converter[J]., IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics, 2004, (19): 666-675.
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[2]赵新一.新能源发展展望[C].中国电力论坛论文集, 2009, (10) :20-31.
[3] Lai, Nanjun New energy development and utilization of the China National Offshore OilCorporation[C]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 347-353: 1172-1179.
[4]周敬森,陈厚桂.新能源探索和光伏发电实验装置的设计[J].通信电源技术, 2011, (5): 53-54.
[5]王革华.新能源概论[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2006: 11-13.
[6]缪仁杰，李淑兰.太阳能利用现状与发展前景[J].应用能源技术, 2007, (05): 28-33.
[7] Qin, Weifeng Research on development mode of energy management contract in new energyfield[C] Advanced Materials Research. 2012, 403-408: 3004-3008.
[8]邢运民,张文娟.新能源与可再生能源发电技术的发展[J].西华大学学报自然科学版, 2007,(26): 50-52.
[9]王承煦.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2003: 78-80.
[10]刘万琨.风能与风力发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2006: 10-17.
[11]徐恒馨,李弘毅.新能源之核能[J].中国科技博览, 2010, (36): 164.
[12]牛微,李珊珊.我国新能源发电技术应用现状及发展[J].沈阳工程学院学报自然科学版,2006, (04): 28-30.
[13]李世松,徐剑峰.新能源联合发电的乡村小型电力系统[J].农村电气化, 2008, (12): 55-57.
[14] M. Glavin. A stand-alone photovoltaic supercapacitor battery hybrid energy storage system[J].2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. 2008, 49(10):1688-1695.
[15]王健.新能源分布式发电系统的能量互补控制研究[J].系统仿真学报, 2005, (17): 1438-1440.
[16]阮洁.多端口直流变换器的研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学，2011: 3-16.
[17] Chiu H J. A multiple-input DC/DC converter for renewable energy systems[C]. presented at IEEEInternational Conference on Industrial Technology, 2005: 1304-1308.
[18]王成悦.用于混合储能系统的三半桥隔离式双向DC/DC变换器的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学, 2009: 8-12.
[19] Tao H. Family of multiport bidirectional DC-DC converters[J]. IEEE Proceedings on ElectricPower Applications. 2006: 451-458.
[20] Tao H. Multiport converters for hybrid power sources[C]. presented at IEEE Power ElectronicsSpecialists Conference, 2008: 3412-3418.
[21]王经明,何志伟.多输入直流变换器介绍[J].电源世界, 2005, (03):1-4.
[22] Choung S H, Kwasinski A. Multiple-input DC-DC converter topologies comparison[J]. 2008:2359-2364.
[23] Dobbs B G, Chapman P L. A multiple-input DC-DC converter topology[J]. IEEE PowerElectronics Letters, 2003, (1): 6-9.
[24] Napoli A D. Multiple input DC-DC power converter for fuel-cell powered hybrid vehicles[J].2002: 1685-1690.
[25] Solero L. Design of multiple-input power converter for hybrid vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics, 2005, (20): 1007-1016.
[26] Ribeiro P F. Energy storage systems for advanced power applications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,2001, (89): 1744-1756.
[27] Chen Y M. Double-input PWM DC/DC converter for high-/low-voltage sources[J]. IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006, (53): 1538-1545.
[28] Yalamanchili K P, Ferdowsi M. Review of multiple input DC-DC converters for electric andhybrid vehicles[J]. 2005: 160-163.
[29] Peng F Z. A new ZVS bidirectional DC-DC converter for fuel cell and battery application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004, (19): 54-65.
[30] Su G J, Tang L. A multiphase, modular, bidirectional, triple-voltage DC–DC converter for hybridand fuel cell vehicle power systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, (23):3035-3046.
[31]唐杰.数字相移控制的隔离Buck-Boost型双向DC/DC变换器研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2008: 34-50.
[32]纪小龙.多电源输入开关功率变换器分析与研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2010: 40-44.
[33]张方华.双向DC-DC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005, (25): 46-49.
[34]吴忠军.基于DSP的太阳能独立光伏发电系统的研究与设计[D].南京:江苏大学, 2007:47-53.
[35]夏超英.电动汽车用全数字双向DC/DC变换器的实现[J].电力电子技术, 2006, (40): 70-72.
[36]张士明.基于DSP控制的双向DC/DC变换器研究[J].电力电子技术, 2007, (41): 24-26.
[37]肖鹏.一种新型光伏独立发电系统拓扑及控制策略[J].上海大学学报自然科学版, 2008, (14):633-636.
[38]孔娟.太阳能光伏发电系统的研究[D]青岛:青岛大学, 2006: 12-18.
[39] Chen Y, Smedley K M. A cost-effective single-stage inverter with maximum power pointtracking[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004, (19): 1289-1294.
[40] Veerachary M. Voltage-based maximum power point tracking control of PV system[J]. IEEETransactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2002, (38): 262-270.
[41] Park J H. Dual-module-based maximum power point tracking control of photovoltaic systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006, (53): 1036-1047.
[42]刘辉.太阳能电池最大功率跟踪技术研究[J].武汉科技学院学报, 2005, (18): 12-15.
[43]周林.光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪控制方法综述[J].高电压技术, 2008, (34): 1145-1154.
[44] Kuo Y C. Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversionsystem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2001, (48): 594-601.
[45]李玲.光伏系统最大功率点跟踪方法[J].可再生能源, 2007, (25): 85-87.
[46] Esram T, Chapman P L. Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point trackingtechniques[J]. IEEE transactions on Energy conversion, 2007, (22): 439-449.
[47]马学军.数字移相控制隔离型半桥双向DC/DC变换器研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2005:19-48.
[48]李艳.一种新的双输入直流变换器[J].电工技术学报, 2008, (06): 77-82.
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