光伏发电并网对配电网保护的影响及对策
|
摘要
基于清洁的可再生能源的分布式发电不仅是集中式发电不可缺少的有效补充,而且对于缓解日趋严峻的能源与环境问题具有重大的战略意义。在分布式发电采用的能源中,太阳能的广泛性、无限性和经济性是其他能源所无法比拟的,因此太阳能光伏发电倍受世界各国的重视,并被公认为技术含量高、最有发展前途的技术之一。随着光伏发电技术逐步成熟、发电成本不断降低,光伏系统并网成为太阳能开发利用的主流趋势。然而光伏发电系统的输出功率易受外界环境条件影响。当大规模,高容量的光伏系统并网后必定给配电网带来一系列问题和挑战,其中之一就是对配电网的保护产生影响,因为光伏发电系统并网后改变了原有配电网的网络结构和潮流分布,这可能使得故障电流的大小、流向和持续时间发生变化,直接影响继电装置的保护性能,破坏保护与安全自动装置之间的配合。为了保证配电网的安全稳定运行,也为了推广光伏发电并网技术的应用,本文基于光伏系统并网对配电网保护的影响这一问题展开了研究。
本文首先分析了在配电网采用不同保护配置方案的情况下,当系统发生故障时,光伏发电并网系统对其继电保护和安全自动装置的影响。然后在搭建的配电网模型上,采用PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行仿真,针对光伏发电系统从不同位置并网,并网容量不同以及配电网系统发生不同位置的故障等条件下流过配电网的故障电流变化情况来分析光伏发电并网对配电网故障电流的影响。之后依据是否允许孤岛运行,对现有的含光伏电源的配电网保护方案进行分类介绍。提出基于广域测量系统的保护改进方案,该方案对配电网原有的保护配置进行改进并利用广域测量系统收集多点保护动作信息以便综合判断出故障的准确区位,从而防止保护误动。当发生永久性故障时,采用短时间断供电模式形成孤岛运行,充分发挥了光伏电源的积极作用,提高了配电网供电的安全可靠性。
The distributed generation based on clean and renewable energy is not only an indispensable and effective complement to centralized power generation, and of great strategic significance to alleviate the increasingly serious energy and environmental issues. Solar energy is unmatched by other energy sources which are used by distributed power generation because of it is broad, unlimited and economy. So the solar photovoltaic power has aroused much worldwide attention, and is recognized with high technological content, as one of the most promising technologies. With photovoltaic technology gradually mature and the cost of power generation reduced ceaselessly, the grid-connected photovoltaic system has become the mainstream trends in solar energy development and utilization. However, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is susceptible to external environmental conditions.When the large-scale, high-capacity photovoltaic systems connected the grid must bring distribution network a series of issues and challenges, one of which is the influence on the distribution network protection, because the grid-connected photovoltaic system changes the original network structure and power flow of the distribution network, which may change the fault current magnitude, flow direction and duration,direct impact on the protective properties of the relay device, damage the co-ordination between protection and automatic safety devices. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of distribution network, as well as to promote the applications of thegrid-connected photovoltaic system technology, The paper launches the research on the effects of grid-connected photovoltaic system on distribution network protection.
With the distribution network using different protection configuration scheme,the effects of grid-connected photovoltaic system on relay protection and automatic safety devices when failure occurs are firstly analyzed in the paper. Then distribution network fault current changes are analyzed and the conclusion of the effects of grid-connected photovoltaic system on distribution network fault current is drawn according to different photovoltaic system access locations, different access capacity, different fault locations in distribution network.The existing protection scheme of distribution network with photovoltaic system based on whether to allow the island running to classify and be described.Based on wide area measurement system protection scheme is Proposed. The scheme to improve the existing distribution network protection configuration and use of wide area measurement system to collect multi-point protection action information to conduct the comprehensive determine the accurate location of the fault, thereby preventing protection malfunction.When a permanent fault occurs, a short time off the power supply mode is used to form island running.It gives full play the positive role of the photovoltaic power and improves the safety and reliability of the distribution network power supply.
本文首先分析了在配电网采用不同保护配置方案的情况下,当系统发生故障时,光伏发电并网系统对其继电保护和安全自动装置的影响。然后在搭建的配电网模型上,采用PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行仿真,针对光伏发电系统从不同位置并网,并网容量不同以及配电网系统发生不同位置的故障等条件下流过配电网的故障电流变化情况来分析光伏发电并网对配电网故障电流的影响。之后依据是否允许孤岛运行,对现有的含光伏电源的配电网保护方案进行分类介绍。提出基于广域测量系统的保护改进方案,该方案对配电网原有的保护配置进行改进并利用广域测量系统收集多点保护动作信息以便综合判断出故障的准确区位,从而防止保护误动。当发生永久性故障时,采用短时间断供电模式形成孤岛运行,充分发挥了光伏电源的积极作用,提高了配电网供电的安全可靠性。
The distributed generation based on clean and renewable energy is not only an indispensable and effective complement to centralized power generation, and of great strategic significance to alleviate the increasingly serious energy and environmental issues. Solar energy is unmatched by other energy sources which are used by distributed power generation because of it is broad, unlimited and economy. So the solar photovoltaic power has aroused much worldwide attention, and is recognized with high technological content, as one of the most promising technologies. With photovoltaic technology gradually mature and the cost of power generation reduced ceaselessly, the grid-connected photovoltaic system has become the mainstream trends in solar energy development and utilization. However, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is susceptible to external environmental conditions.When the large-scale, high-capacity photovoltaic systems connected the grid must bring distribution network a series of issues and challenges, one of which is the influence on the distribution network protection, because the grid-connected photovoltaic system changes the original network structure and power flow of the distribution network, which may change the fault current magnitude, flow direction and duration,direct impact on the protective properties of the relay device, damage the co-ordination between protection and automatic safety devices. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of distribution network, as well as to promote the applications of thegrid-connected photovoltaic system technology, The paper launches the research on the effects of grid-connected photovoltaic system on distribution network protection.
With the distribution network using different protection configuration scheme,the effects of grid-connected photovoltaic system on relay protection and automatic safety devices when failure occurs are firstly analyzed in the paper. Then distribution network fault current changes are analyzed and the conclusion of the effects of grid-connected photovoltaic system on distribution network fault current is drawn according to different photovoltaic system access locations, different access capacity, different fault locations in distribution network.The existing protection scheme of distribution network with photovoltaic system based on whether to allow the island running to classify and be described.Based on wide area measurement system protection scheme is Proposed. The scheme to improve the existing distribution network protection configuration and use of wide area measurement system to collect multi-point protection action information to conduct the comprehensive determine the accurate location of the fault, thereby preventing protection malfunction.When a permanent fault occurs, a short time off the power supply mode is used to form island running.It gives full play the positive role of the photovoltaic power and improves the safety and reliability of the distribution network power supply.
引文
[1]何先玲.云南省生物质能源产业发展战略研究[D].硕十学位论文,云南：西南林业大学,2008.
[2]孙景钌.分布式发电条件下配电系统保护原理研究[D].硕士学位论文,天津：天津大学,2010.
[3]刘宣宣.分布式电源对配电系统电能质量的作阳机理研究[D].硕十学位论文,保定：华北电力大学,2007.
[4]黄庆云.含分布式发电的配电网固定费用分摊研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2008.
[5]曾自强.提高分布式电网并网线路故障重合闸成功率的研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2010.
[6]刘苏琴.考虑风电机模型的电力系统随机潮流计算[D].硕士学位论文,江苏：东南大学,2007.
[7]冯宝成.光伏系统中的MPPT技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,安徽：合肥工业大学,2011.
[8]刘伟.单相光伏并网逆变数字控制策略研究与实现[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2007.
[9]闫士职.基于太阳能光伏发电并网系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文,四川：西南交通大学,2009.
[10]任奇.单相光伏发电逆变系统研究及实现[D].硕士学位论文,山东：青岛大学,2008.
[11]朱配清.单相光伏并网系统的研究[D].硕十学位论文,四川：西南交通大学,2010.
[12]吴春华.光伏发电系统逆变技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,上海：上海大学,2008.
[13]邓嘉.基于重复控制和预测控制的逆变电源控制研究[D].硕士学位论文,浙江：浙江大学,2008.
[14]林东栋.高频隔离式光伏并网逆变器的研制[D].硕士学位论文,安徽：合肥工业大学,2009.
[15]吴海涛.光伏并网逆变器及其仿真研究[D].硕士学位论文,山东：青岛大学,2007.
[16]陈洁,宋吉江.光伏发电并网对配电网保护的影响及对策[J].智能电网,2011,1(3)：57-62.
[17]张新平,刘锦英,赵岩,等.光伏发电系统并网对电网的影响及相应对策[J].中国电力教育,2010,2(2)：275-276.
[18]IEEE.1547 IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems,2003.
[19]赵平,严玉廷.并网光伏发电系统对电网影响的研究[J].电气技术,2009,20(3)：41-43.
[20]罗建中.分布式微型电网并网研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2009.
[21]史啸歌.基于小波变换的配电网单相接地故障定位研究及应用[D].硕士学位论文,辽宁:东北大学,2005.
[22]焦振有,焦邵华,刘万顺.配电网馈线系统保护原理及分析[J].电网技术,2002,26(12)：75-78.
[23]刘森.含分布式电源的配电网保护研究[D].硕士学位论文,天津：天津大学,2007.
[24]黄伟,雷金勇,夏翔,等.分布式电源对配电网相间短路保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(1)：93-97.
[25]张超,计建仁,夏翔.分布式发电对配电网馈线保护的影响[J].继电器,2006,34(13)：9-12.
[26]黄剑.基于CAN总线的配电网馈线终端[D].硕十学位论文,湖北：武汉大学,2003.
[27]刘国亭.10kV柱上开关远程监控系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文,河北：河北工业大学,2007.
[28]焦在滨.青藏铁路配(变)电所馈线保护测控系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文,四川：西南交通大学,2004.
[29]严支斌.高压柜用线路及电动机自适应保护装置研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖北：华中科技大学,2005.
[30]张义龄.基于扩展Prony算法和双端非同步测量的输电线路故障定位研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京：北京交通大学,2011.
[31]韩磊.计及分布式电源的配电网可靠性算法研究[D].硕十学位论文,山东：山东大学,2009.
[32]余娟.系统故障条件下分布式电源孤岛运行的研究[D].硕士学位论文,安徽：合肥工业大学,2009.
[33]王正风,黄太贵,吴迪,等.广域测量技术在电力系统中的应用[J].华东电力,2007,35(5)：32-36.
[34]李晓静.含分布式电源的配电网供电恢复的多Agent方法研究[D].硕士学位论文,天津：天津大学,2007.
[35]庄慧娟,林筑英.远程教学系统多Agent模型建构[J].技术与产品,2006,24(1)：92-95.
[36]蒋云良,徐从富.智能Agent与多Agent系统的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2003,20(4)：31-34.
[37]全力娜,樊立萍Agent技术在水质量管理决策支持系统中的应用[J].机械与电子,2006,23(5)：77-79.
[38]WAN Hui. Protection coordination in power system with distributed generations. Hong Kong:Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2006.
[39]李宇佳,郑云霞.含分布式发电的微网技术研究与展望[C].中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十六届学术年会暨中国电机工程学会电力系统专业委员会2010年年会论文集.上海：中国电机工程学会,2010：230-235.
[40]马强.分布式太阳能光伏电站系统设计[D].硕士学位论文,河北：河北工业大学,2008.
[2]孙景钌.分布式发电条件下配电系统保护原理研究[D].硕士学位论文,天津：天津大学,2010.
[3]刘宣宣.分布式电源对配电系统电能质量的作阳机理研究[D].硕十学位论文,保定：华北电力大学,2007.
[4]黄庆云.含分布式发电的配电网固定费用分摊研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2008.
[5]曾自强.提高分布式电网并网线路故障重合闸成功率的研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2010.
[6]刘苏琴.考虑风电机模型的电力系统随机潮流计算[D].硕士学位论文,江苏：东南大学,2007.
[7]冯宝成.光伏系统中的MPPT技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,安徽：合肥工业大学,2011.
[8]刘伟.单相光伏并网逆变数字控制策略研究与实现[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2007.
[9]闫士职.基于太阳能光伏发电并网系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文,四川：西南交通大学,2009.
[10]任奇.单相光伏发电逆变系统研究及实现[D].硕士学位论文,山东：青岛大学,2008.
[11]朱配清.单相光伏并网系统的研究[D].硕十学位论文,四川：西南交通大学,2010.
[12]吴春华.光伏发电系统逆变技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,上海：上海大学,2008.
[13]邓嘉.基于重复控制和预测控制的逆变电源控制研究[D].硕士学位论文,浙江：浙江大学,2008.
[14]林东栋.高频隔离式光伏并网逆变器的研制[D].硕士学位论文,安徽：合肥工业大学,2009.
[15]吴海涛.光伏并网逆变器及其仿真研究[D].硕士学位论文,山东：青岛大学,2007.
[16]陈洁,宋吉江.光伏发电并网对配电网保护的影响及对策[J].智能电网,2011,1(3)：57-62.
[17]张新平,刘锦英,赵岩,等.光伏发电系统并网对电网的影响及相应对策[J].中国电力教育,2010,2(2)：275-276.
[18]IEEE.1547 IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems,2003.
[19]赵平,严玉廷.并网光伏发电系统对电网影响的研究[J].电气技术,2009,20(3)：41-43.
[20]罗建中.分布式微型电网并网研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖南：湖南大学,2009.
[21]史啸歌.基于小波变换的配电网单相接地故障定位研究及应用[D].硕士学位论文,辽宁:东北大学,2005.
[22]焦振有,焦邵华,刘万顺.配电网馈线系统保护原理及分析[J].电网技术,2002,26(12)：75-78.
[23]刘森.含分布式电源的配电网保护研究[D].硕士学位论文,天津：天津大学,2007.
[24]黄伟,雷金勇,夏翔,等.分布式电源对配电网相间短路保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(1)：93-97.
[25]张超,计建仁,夏翔.分布式发电对配电网馈线保护的影响[J].继电器,2006,34(13)：9-12.
[26]黄剑.基于CAN总线的配电网馈线终端[D].硕十学位论文,湖北：武汉大学,2003.
[27]刘国亭.10kV柱上开关远程监控系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文,河北：河北工业大学,2007.
[28]焦在滨.青藏铁路配(变)电所馈线保护测控系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文,四川：西南交通大学,2004.
[29]严支斌.高压柜用线路及电动机自适应保护装置研究[D].硕士学位论文,湖北：华中科技大学,2005.
[30]张义龄.基于扩展Prony算法和双端非同步测量的输电线路故障定位研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京：北京交通大学,2011.
[31]韩磊.计及分布式电源的配电网可靠性算法研究[D].硕十学位论文,山东：山东大学,2009.
[32]余娟.系统故障条件下分布式电源孤岛运行的研究[D].硕士学位论文,安徽：合肥工业大学,2009.
[33]王正风,黄太贵,吴迪,等.广域测量技术在电力系统中的应用[J].华东电力,2007,35(5)：32-36.
[34]李晓静.含分布式电源的配电网供电恢复的多Agent方法研究[D].硕士学位论文,天津：天津大学,2007.
[35]庄慧娟,林筑英.远程教学系统多Agent模型建构[J].技术与产品,2006,24(1)：92-95.
[36]蒋云良,徐从富.智能Agent与多Agent系统的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2003,20(4)：31-34.
[37]全力娜,樊立萍Agent技术在水质量管理决策支持系统中的应用[J].机械与电子,2006,23(5)：77-79.
[38]WAN Hui. Protection coordination in power system with distributed generations. Hong Kong:Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2006.
[39]李宇佳,郑云霞.含分布式发电的微网技术研究与展望[C].中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十六届学术年会暨中国电机工程学会电力系统专业委员会2010年年会论文集.上海：中国电机工程学会,2010：230-235.
[40]马强.分布式太阳能光伏电站系统设计[D].硕士学位论文,河北：河北工业大学,2008.