集成产品开发过程规划及其微观特性分析
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摘要
集成产品开发(IPD)是并行工程设计理念的外延,它站在全生命周期的高度对产品及其开发过程进行建模以满足现代企业TQCSE的战略目标。从其实质来讲,IPD是一个满足约束条件下的最优控制过程,集成、并行、协调与优化是其本质特征。本文立足于对集成产品开发过程的微观分析,以开发过程的约束规划、信息反馈和协同优化为切入点,对IPD的理论和方法进行详细的研究。
以集成产品开发过程的微观分析为切入点,进行集成产品开发过程建模与微观特性的分析。建立了全过程的约束网络与过程网络模型,并依据反馈控制原理建立了基于约束网络的产品开发过程模型及其过程约束网络模型、过程动态模型和过程协调模型等扩展模型。对开发过程的约束规划、时序关系、依赖关系、信息反馈机制、流向控制、状态转移、动力学特性以及过程间的交互协调进行了详细的阐述和分析。建立了系统动态模型的设计结构矩阵,通过对其分析使过程间的依赖与反馈关系得到优化。运用物理规划、多目标优化、模糊数学原理提出并建立了产品开发过程的规划——评估——反馈三阶控制模式,指出合理的微观过程建模是实现产品开发全过程、全系统、全性能优化的全生命周期设计目标的重要手段。
将产品全生命周期视为一个连续的时变过程,建立了产品开发过程的状态方程和支持全生命周期的开发过程集成化数字定义模型。率先剖析了概念设计、详细设计和改正设计等不同设计阶段上功能域和物理域间映射关系的内容和涵义。综合领域专家知识、设计者偏好和顾客需求等主客观信息,建立了各设计阶段上功能域与物理域之间的模糊映射关系,并依此建立了结构行为参数的特性表。
建立了以产品数据管理系统为信息交换接口和操作平台的基于产品模型与过程模型集成的开发框架。对产品模型与其相关过程模型间的耦合效应进行了分析,提出了以两个模型主线相交织而展开的集成开发模式,并从模型集成的角度剖析产品模型和过程模型间的关系并建立了模型间的耦合机制。既注重过程的逻辑性,又强调了模型信息的完备性,从而可有效地推动产品开发过程的演化。
给出了模糊质量屋的构筑方法,分析了质量屋构筑的优化本质,指出技术要求优先级的变迁和技术要求实现的资源约束是质量屋运用中存在的两个基本问题,并给出了问题解决的途径。建立了反馈信息对需求的影响规则以及信息的反馈控制机制。通过由信息反馈而带来的开发过程重组、过程约束重组和设计者偏好结构重组三种重组活动而实现开发过程从一平衡点向另一平衡点的跃迁或原平衡点处的优化,从而实现产品全生命周期快全优的设计目的。
建立了产品立体式生命周期非线性多目标优化模型,将设计从面向某一特定阶段或特定性能指标的平面式局部规划扩展到立体式整体规划。针对设计参数内关外联的属性和设计约束的模糊性、相关性和传播性导致多目标优化设计中冲突发生和目标间协调性差等现象,应用模糊数学原理,构造尺度函数,增加附加约束,并基于解处的冲突矩阵、协同灵敏度分析以及目标重要度阈值的交互选择建立了基于Pareto解的模糊交互式多目标优化模型。针对产品开发中设计任务的分配问题,提出建立尽可能完备的设计方案备择集,经竞争机制对初始方案进行遴选后,根据设计任务分配的复杂程度分别构造整数规划或交互式物理规划模型进行设计方案的优选,从而得到满足任务分配要求和设计者偏好的方案组合。
Integrated product development (IPD) is an extension of concurrent engineering. It develops both product models and process models from the point of view of whole life cycle in order to meet the strategic targets of modern enterprises. The strategic targets on time, quality, cost, service and environment must face fierce competition from the manufacturing market. In fact, IPD is an optimal control process subjected to development constraints. Concurrency, cooperation and optimization are the essential features of IPD. Based on a microscopic analysis of the product development process, this dissertation documents a study of the theory and the methodology of IPD in the aspects of constrained programming, information feedback, and cooperative optimization.The constraint nets and the process nets were developed first. Based on the feedback-control theory, we then formulated the development process model subjected to the constraint nets. Several expanded models, including a constraint nets model, a process dynamic model, and a process coordination model, were established. A thorough description and a detailed analysis were provided on the constraint programming, logic relations, flow controls, state transitions, information-feedback mechanism, and the dynamic features of the product development process. The coordination among these processes was also elaborated. The design structure matrix of the dynamic model was established. Through an analysis of the dynamic model and its design structure matrix, the interdependence and feedback relationships among processes were optimized. The three steps of the control model of the product development process, which are process programming, process evaluation and process feedback, were established to speed up information flow. Physical programming, multi-objective optimization, and fuzzy evaluation were synthesized to optimize the product design process. Results show that microscopic process modeling is an important method for realizing life cycle design and optimizing the whole development process and product performance.A product's life cycle can be divided into a sequence of life phases. The status of the product evolves form one phase to another through these life phases. The state equations, the framework, and the integrated numeric model of the development process covering the entire life cycle were developed. The contents and the meanings of the mapping relationships between the physical domains and the functional domains in different design stages, such as the conceptual design, the detailed design, and the correctional design, were analyzed. According to the obtained results, the fuzzy mapping between the physical domains and the function domains in different design stages was established by integrating both objective and subjective information, such as specialist's knowledge, designer's preferences, and customer's requirements, in the design process. The characteristics of the structure behavior parameters were tabulated based on the fuzzy mapping relationships. The fuzzy mapping is very
以集成产品开发过程的微观分析为切入点,进行集成产品开发过程建模与微观特性的分析。建立了全过程的约束网络与过程网络模型,并依据反馈控制原理建立了基于约束网络的产品开发过程模型及其过程约束网络模型、过程动态模型和过程协调模型等扩展模型。对开发过程的约束规划、时序关系、依赖关系、信息反馈机制、流向控制、状态转移、动力学特性以及过程间的交互协调进行了详细的阐述和分析。建立了系统动态模型的设计结构矩阵,通过对其分析使过程间的依赖与反馈关系得到优化。运用物理规划、多目标优化、模糊数学原理提出并建立了产品开发过程的规划——评估——反馈三阶控制模式,指出合理的微观过程建模是实现产品开发全过程、全系统、全性能优化的全生命周期设计目标的重要手段。
将产品全生命周期视为一个连续的时变过程,建立了产品开发过程的状态方程和支持全生命周期的开发过程集成化数字定义模型。率先剖析了概念设计、详细设计和改正设计等不同设计阶段上功能域和物理域间映射关系的内容和涵义。综合领域专家知识、设计者偏好和顾客需求等主客观信息,建立了各设计阶段上功能域与物理域之间的模糊映射关系,并依此建立了结构行为参数的特性表。
建立了以产品数据管理系统为信息交换接口和操作平台的基于产品模型与过程模型集成的开发框架。对产品模型与其相关过程模型间的耦合效应进行了分析,提出了以两个模型主线相交织而展开的集成开发模式,并从模型集成的角度剖析产品模型和过程模型间的关系并建立了模型间的耦合机制。既注重过程的逻辑性,又强调了模型信息的完备性,从而可有效地推动产品开发过程的演化。
给出了模糊质量屋的构筑方法,分析了质量屋构筑的优化本质,指出技术要求优先级的变迁和技术要求实现的资源约束是质量屋运用中存在的两个基本问题,并给出了问题解决的途径。建立了反馈信息对需求的影响规则以及信息的反馈控制机制。通过由信息反馈而带来的开发过程重组、过程约束重组和设计者偏好结构重组三种重组活动而实现开发过程从一平衡点向另一平衡点的跃迁或原平衡点处的优化,从而实现产品全生命周期快全优的设计目的。
建立了产品立体式生命周期非线性多目标优化模型,将设计从面向某一特定阶段或特定性能指标的平面式局部规划扩展到立体式整体规划。针对设计参数内关外联的属性和设计约束的模糊性、相关性和传播性导致多目标优化设计中冲突发生和目标间协调性差等现象,应用模糊数学原理,构造尺度函数,增加附加约束,并基于解处的冲突矩阵、协同灵敏度分析以及目标重要度阈值的交互选择建立了基于Pareto解的模糊交互式多目标优化模型。针对产品开发中设计任务的分配问题,提出建立尽可能完备的设计方案备择集,经竞争机制对初始方案进行遴选后,根据设计任务分配的复杂程度分别构造整数规划或交互式物理规划模型进行设计方案的优选,从而得到满足任务分配要求和设计者偏好的方案组合。
Integrated product development (IPD) is an extension of concurrent engineering. It develops both product models and process models from the point of view of whole life cycle in order to meet the strategic targets of modern enterprises. The strategic targets on time, quality, cost, service and environment must face fierce competition from the manufacturing market. In fact, IPD is an optimal control process subjected to development constraints. Concurrency, cooperation and optimization are the essential features of IPD. Based on a microscopic analysis of the product development process, this dissertation documents a study of the theory and the methodology of IPD in the aspects of constrained programming, information feedback, and cooperative optimization.The constraint nets and the process nets were developed first. Based on the feedback-control theory, we then formulated the development process model subjected to the constraint nets. Several expanded models, including a constraint nets model, a process dynamic model, and a process coordination model, were established. A thorough description and a detailed analysis were provided on the constraint programming, logic relations, flow controls, state transitions, information-feedback mechanism, and the dynamic features of the product development process. The coordination among these processes was also elaborated. The design structure matrix of the dynamic model was established. Through an analysis of the dynamic model and its design structure matrix, the interdependence and feedback relationships among processes were optimized. The three steps of the control model of the product development process, which are process programming, process evaluation and process feedback, were established to speed up information flow. Physical programming, multi-objective optimization, and fuzzy evaluation were synthesized to optimize the product design process. Results show that microscopic process modeling is an important method for realizing life cycle design and optimizing the whole development process and product performance.A product's life cycle can be divided into a sequence of life phases. The status of the product evolves form one phase to another through these life phases. The state equations, the framework, and the integrated numeric model of the development process covering the entire life cycle were developed. The contents and the meanings of the mapping relationships between the physical domains and the functional domains in different design stages, such as the conceptual design, the detailed design, and the correctional design, were analyzed. According to the obtained results, the fuzzy mapping between the physical domains and the function domains in different design stages was established by integrating both objective and subjective information, such as specialist's knowledge, designer's preferences, and customer's requirements, in the design process. The characteristics of the structure behavior parameters were tabulated based on the fuzzy mapping relationships. The fuzzy mapping is very
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