基于MC9S12DP256B和μC/OS-Ⅱ的直列泵ECU开发研究
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摘要
本文针对直列泵柴油机,综合考虑ECU的速度、处理能力和开发成本,提出了一种新型的直列泵ECU的研究方案。本方案首次选用性价比较好的Freescale公司的16位微控制器MC9S12DP256B为直列泵柴油机ECU的主控制器,以具有多任务进程管理机制功能的μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统作为软件开发平台,完成了一套基于MC9S12DP256B和μC/OS-Ⅱ的直列泵ECU的开发。通过调试试验对转速、精确性和实时性等进行了测量,并对控制参数作了标定。
本文结合研究课题的需求,提出了直列泵的控制策略,包括主要控制功能和关键控制环节的确定、子功能块划分、PID控制算法等,实现了对执行器的精确控制。针对控制策略的要求,完成了以MC9S12DP256B微控制器为核心的硬件电路原理图和PCB设计,分析了各部分原理图的组成及其所涉及的芯片的特性。考虑到柴油机电控系统多任务、实时性等特点,采用实时操作系统μC/OS-ΙΙ搭建软件控制平台。并在该平台中设计了时钟节拍和任务同步方式,对任务优先级进行了合理划分,实现了对传感器、ECU及执行器整个系统的有序控制和管理。本ECU还具有升级的功能,使得整个系统更利于维护和更新,延长了整个系统的使用周期。
调试试验证明,本文研究开发的软硬件系统在精确性和实时性方面均满足设计要求,具有良好的控制功能。
This paper is aimed at the diesel engine with inline pump. During design ,thourgh the overall considering of operating speed, processing ability and development cost,a new research scheme of diesel ECU was put forward. The system proposes a new way to design the ECU which combines the 16 bits embedded MCU(MC9S12DP256B) and the real-time operating system(μC/OS-Ⅱ) . By substituting traditional single task mechanism with multi-task mechanism ofμC/OS-Ⅱ. Through debugging test of the software and hardware, speed, accuracy and real-time had been measured and the control parameters had been calibrated.
Combining with the requirement of the research, the control strategy of the electronically controlled inline pump diesel engine and the design method of ECU ,which includes determining control function, defining key of control links and control scheme, compartmentalizing the sub-functions and PID control algorithm etc. have been put forward and accomplished the accurate control to the execution.
The MC9S12DP256B is adopted to meet the function requirements of ECU. The schematic diagram and PCB is designed as well as the consist of schematic diagrams and the detailed introductions of the chips used in that part are analyzed. The characteristics of electronic control diesel engine are multi-tasks and real-time accuracy, so the control software has been developed by using the imbedded systemμC/OS-Ⅱ. In the same time ,the clock ticks and synchronization of tasks have been designed and the priority of task has been divided reasonablely, because of these,the controling and management of engine and the operating system have been accomplished. Furthermore, the implemented upgrade mechanism which makes it easy to maintain and update the system, prolongs its life-cycle at the same time.
The debugging test indicated that the software and hardware systems,studied and developed in this paper,not only meet the demands, but also has excellent control function.
本文结合研究课题的需求,提出了直列泵的控制策略,包括主要控制功能和关键控制环节的确定、子功能块划分、PID控制算法等,实现了对执行器的精确控制。针对控制策略的要求,完成了以MC9S12DP256B微控制器为核心的硬件电路原理图和PCB设计,分析了各部分原理图的组成及其所涉及的芯片的特性。考虑到柴油机电控系统多任务、实时性等特点,采用实时操作系统μC/OS-ΙΙ搭建软件控制平台。并在该平台中设计了时钟节拍和任务同步方式,对任务优先级进行了合理划分,实现了对传感器、ECU及执行器整个系统的有序控制和管理。本ECU还具有升级的功能,使得整个系统更利于维护和更新,延长了整个系统的使用周期。
调试试验证明,本文研究开发的软硬件系统在精确性和实时性方面均满足设计要求,具有良好的控制功能。
This paper is aimed at the diesel engine with inline pump. During design ,thourgh the overall considering of operating speed, processing ability and development cost,a new research scheme of diesel ECU was put forward. The system proposes a new way to design the ECU which combines the 16 bits embedded MCU(MC9S12DP256B) and the real-time operating system(μC/OS-Ⅱ) . By substituting traditional single task mechanism with multi-task mechanism ofμC/OS-Ⅱ. Through debugging test of the software and hardware, speed, accuracy and real-time had been measured and the control parameters had been calibrated.
Combining with the requirement of the research, the control strategy of the electronically controlled inline pump diesel engine and the design method of ECU ,which includes determining control function, defining key of control links and control scheme, compartmentalizing the sub-functions and PID control algorithm etc. have been put forward and accomplished the accurate control to the execution.
The MC9S12DP256B is adopted to meet the function requirements of ECU. The schematic diagram and PCB is designed as well as the consist of schematic diagrams and the detailed introductions of the chips used in that part are analyzed. The characteristics of electronic control diesel engine are multi-tasks and real-time accuracy, so the control software has been developed by using the imbedded systemμC/OS-Ⅱ. In the same time ,the clock ticks and synchronization of tasks have been designed and the priority of task has been divided reasonablely, because of these,the controling and management of engine and the operating system have been accomplished. Furthermore, the implemented upgrade mechanism which makes it easy to maintain and update the system, prolongs its life-cycle at the same time.
The debugging test indicated that the software and hardware systems,studied and developed in this paper,not only meet the demands, but also has excellent control function.
引文
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[31]朱辉,王丽,张幽彤,等.用MATLAB/SIMULINK实现柴油机及其控制系统的动态仿真[J].内燃机学报,1998,16(3):314-321.
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[33]林建民.嵌入式操作系统技术发展趋势[J].计算机工程,2001,27(10):1-4.
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[36]孙德明,何正,嘉高强.基于LabVIEW平台的在线监测诊断系统多任务调度策略[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,(4):69-71.
[37]尹大勇,卢青春,聂圣芳.基于实时嵌入式操作系统的电涡流测功机控制器开发[J].内燃机工程,2005,26(4):77-80.
[38]夏旭丰,丁文杰,朱善君.实时多任务嵌入系统的实现[J].计算机应用研究,2003,(9):120-122.
[39]楚红雨,李磊民,黄玉清.实时操作系统uC/OS-II在ARM9上移植的实现[J].计算机工程,2005,31(20):226-228.
[40]曲金玉,任贵周,侯树展,等.基于C8051F微控制器的发动机转速测量[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2007,34(6):66-67.
[41]FuyUan Yang,Jingyong Zhang,Minggao Ouyang.Optimization of Common Rail Diesel Engine Star-up Process[J].SAE PaPer 2004-01-0119.
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[2]陈惠卿.车用柴油机排放法规与柴油机的发展[J].柴油机,2004,(2):28-31.
[3]刘忠长,赵佳佳.车用柴油机电控高压喷油系统与欧Ⅲ排放标准[J].车用发动机,2004,(4):5-10.
[4]郝利君,何凤仙,李秦楠,等.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的发动机电控程序应用研究[J].车用发动机,2007,(2):48-50.
[5]张晓力,王尚勇,张幽彤,等.柴油机电控共轨喷油系统发展现状[J].内燃机,2002,(2):3-5.
[6]Keiichi Yamada,Hidekau Oshizawa.The Second Generation of Electronic Diesel Fuel Injection Systems-investigation with a Rotary Pump.SAE Paper 860145. [ 7 ]R.S.G.Baert , D.E.Beckman , A.Veen.Efficient EGR Technology for Future Efficient HD Diesels.SAE Paper 980190.
[8]Steven D.Arnold.Turbo Charging Technologies to Meet Critical Performance Demands of Ultra-low Emissions Diesel Engines.SAE Paper 2004-01-1359.
[9]Akira Shoji,Shiji Kamoshita,Tetsu Watanable.Development of a simultaneous reduction system of NOX and particulate matter for light- duty truck.SAE Paper 2004-01-0579.
[10]H.Stang.John.Cummins Light Truck Diesel Engine Progress Report.SAE Paper 2000-01-2196.
[11]Mingggao Yang,S.C.Sorenson.Direct Digital Control of the Diesel Fuel Injection Process. SAE paper 920626.
[12]尚宇辉,陈峰,唐厚军,等.车用柴油机电控燃油喷射系统的研究现状和发展趋势[J].柴油机,1999.(4):17-23.
[13]李慧,李文学,韩顺杰,等.柴油汽车发展的意义及现状[J].长春工业大学学报,2003.24(9): 58-61.
[14]白思春,褚全红,孟长江,等.基于PowerPC的柴油机电子控制通用平台[J].车用发动机,2008.(6): 53-59.
[15]刘晓红,王孝,王大明.基于MC9S12DP256的柴油机电子调速器的开发[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2008,37(6):36-38.
[16]张素华,王敏.基于C8051F040单片机的喷油器电磁阀驱动电路设计[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2008,37(4):26-31.
[17]杜传进,欧阳明高,等.电控直列泵-管-阀-嘴(PPVI)柴油喷射系统的研究[J].内燃机学报,1998,16(3):278-284.
[18]Mischke,Arathur,Fraenkle,etal.Combustion Process Development of the New Mercedes-Benz Commercial Vehicle Diesel Engines OM 442 A and OM 442 LA-Part1[J].Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift,volume 89(4).165-169,172.
[19]Mischke,Arathur,Fraenkle,etal.‘EDR’-an Electronic Governor for Diesel Engines in Commercial Vehicles[J].Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift,1983,volume 85(9).539-540,543-544,547-548.
[20]Shin Buom-Sik,Lee Jung-Hyun.Effects of Injection Parameters on A Heavy-duty Diesel Engine with TICS System.Diesel Fuel Injection and Sprays[C].SAE Special Publications volume 1316.SAE, Warrendale,PA,USA,1998.177-185.
[21]杨林,冒晓建,卓斌.车用柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射压力控制技术[J].车用发动机,2001,(5):1-5.
[22]Hiroshi ishlwata,Takashi Ohishi,Kontaro Ryuzaki.A Feasibility Study of Pilot Injection in TICS(timing and injection rate control system)[J]. SAE Paper 940195.144-151.
[23]霍宏煜,刘巽俊,李骏.国外车用柴油机电控技术的现状与发展[J].汽车技术,1998,(1):1-9.
[24]徐春龙.柴油机电控燃油喷射系统[J].内燃机,2002,(4):29-31.
[25]杨杰民,郑霞君.现代汽车柴油机电控系统[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2002.
[26]黄强,刘永长.车用柴油机电控燃油喷射系统的现状与发展[J].柴油机设计与制造,2001,(2):31-37.
[27]李进,李建秋,周明,等.电源车动力系统控制策略研究[J].内燃机学报,2003,21(5):365-368.
[28]顾宏中.涡轮增压柴油机热力过程模拟计算[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1985.
[29]Masahiko miyaki.Development of New Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection System ECD-U2 for Diesel Engine.SAE Paper 910252. [ 30 ]张晋东,李洪武.车用柴油机涡轮增压技术的新发展[J].车用发动机,2002,(2):1-4.
[31]朱辉,王丽,张幽彤,等.用MATLAB/SIMULINK实现柴油机及其控制系统的动态仿真[J].内燃机学报,1998,16(3):314-321.
[32]吕福在.用于柴油机电喷系统的GMM高速强力电磁阀和电控系统的研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2000.
[33]林建民.嵌入式操作系统技术发展趋势[J].计算机工程,2001,27(10):1-4.
[34]郑玉全,陈杰,沈为.RTOS在涡喷发动机控制系统中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(9):11-13.
[35]李仕涌,谭南林.多任务操作系统在嵌入式系统开发中的应用[J].北方交通大学学报,2002,(4):80-82 .
[36]孙德明,何正,嘉高强.基于LabVIEW平台的在线监测诊断系统多任务调度策略[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,(4):69-71.
[37]尹大勇,卢青春,聂圣芳.基于实时嵌入式操作系统的电涡流测功机控制器开发[J].内燃机工程,2005,26(4):77-80.
[38]夏旭丰,丁文杰,朱善君.实时多任务嵌入系统的实现[J].计算机应用研究,2003,(9):120-122.
[39]楚红雨,李磊民,黄玉清.实时操作系统uC/OS-II在ARM9上移植的实现[J].计算机工程,2005,31(20):226-228.
[40]曲金玉,任贵周,侯树展,等.基于C8051F微控制器的发动机转速测量[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2007,34(6):66-67.
[41]FuyUan Yang,Jingyong Zhang,Minggao Ouyang.Optimization of Common Rail Diesel Engine Star-up Process[J].SAE PaPer 2004-01-0119.
[42]曾非一.嵌入式软件开发技术研究—MPC860目标机底层软件的实现[D].西安:电子科技大学,2004:7-8.
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