自动变速箱行星机构传动设计的研究
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摘要
自动变速器简化了手动换挡操作,能够为汽车提供换挡平顺、操作方便、起步平稳的功能,它是汽车传动技术发展过程中一项重要的发明。在汽车领域,自动变速器的装车率已经得到了很大提高。行星齿轮机构是现代自动变速器主要组成部分,与液力变矩器相结合的液力形成液力机械自动变速器(AT)。行星齿轮机构速比大、体积小、操纵容易、同时获得空档和倒档,加大变速器的变矩范围,可以实现变速和动力传动,因此在AT上被广泛的应用。但是由于液力变矩器的使用,效率不够高是AT的致命弱点,其效率明显低于手动变速器。它的效率等于液力变矩器的效率和行星齿轮机构效率的乘积。
为了尽量提高液力自动变速器的传动效率,提高其动力性,本文主要以液力变速器的行星齿轮机构为研究对象,对其传动原理、传动方案、传动效率进行分析研究,并对行星齿轮机构传动部分设计研究。具体研究内容如下:
1)根据常用行星齿轮变速机构的机构特点,以自动变速器双行星排式4档辛普森式自动变速器作为研究对象。并分析了它在各个档位时的动力传递路线。
2)根据自动变速器中行星齿轮机构的变速特性,以2K-H型行星齿轮机构为研究对象,分析其不同的传动方案,对不同的传动比、不同的制动力矩以及传动效率进行分析研究。
3)为了提高液力自动变速器的动力性能,着重对液力自动变速器中行星齿轮机构作为研究对象,对其行星机构中齿轮的啮合传动效率进行分析研究,推导了各自的计算公式,对变速器行星机构的升速、减速的传动效率进行分析研究。
4)在液力自动变速器机械传动中根据各种不同的约束条件,以及行星机构传动效率的计算公式,对2K-H型行星齿轮机构的传动设计进行优化,从而提高行星机构在自动变速器中的传动效率。
Automatic transmission can give automobile comfortable driving and gear shifting,smooth starting and convenient operation . It is a very important Invention in the development of transmission technology for vehicle. Planetary gear-box is widely used in AT for its many virtues. Automatic transmission meanly use hydraulic torque converter and planetary gear-box, which is called hydraulic automatic transmission (AT). It can power transmission, realize shifting and larger torque converter area, which also has reverse and empty gear shift, large shifting ratio, comfortable operation and small volume. The fatal weakness of AT is the low efficiency which is obviouslylower than manual transmission. It’s the product of efficiency for planetary gear-box and hydraulic torque converter.
For trying to improve hydraulic automatic transmission, and improve the transmission efficiency of dynamic performance, this paper mainly to hydraulic transmission planet gear mechanism as the research object, its transmission principle, transmission scheme, the transmission efficiency are analyzed, and the planetary gear transmission part design research institutions. The research content as follows:
1) according to the commonly used planetary gear shift agencies of automatic transmission characteristics of a dual planetary platoon type 4 files Simpson type automatic transmission as the research object. And analyzes it in each gear power transmission line when.
2) according to the automatic transmission gear planets in the variable speed characteristic, take 2 k-h type planetary gear mechanism as the research object, the paper analyzes the different transmission scheme, to a different transmission ratio, different braking torque transmission efficiency and were analyzed.
3) in order to improve the dynamic properties of hydraulic automatic transmission, focuses on the hydraulic automatic transmission gear planets in as the research object, the institutions of the planet gear meshing transmission efficiency are analyzed, the calculation formula is their planet mechanism of transmission, the acc, slowing down the transmission efficiency were analyzed.
4) in hydraulic automatic transmission mechanical transmission in according to different kinds of constraint conditions, as well as the planet mechanism, and the calculation formula of the transmission efficiency of 2 k-h type planetary gear transmission design optimization, so as to improve the planet mechanism in the automatic transmission transmission efficiency.
为了尽量提高液力自动变速器的传动效率,提高其动力性,本文主要以液力变速器的行星齿轮机构为研究对象,对其传动原理、传动方案、传动效率进行分析研究,并对行星齿轮机构传动部分设计研究。具体研究内容如下:
1)根据常用行星齿轮变速机构的机构特点,以自动变速器双行星排式4档辛普森式自动变速器作为研究对象。并分析了它在各个档位时的动力传递路线。
2)根据自动变速器中行星齿轮机构的变速特性,以2K-H型行星齿轮机构为研究对象,分析其不同的传动方案,对不同的传动比、不同的制动力矩以及传动效率进行分析研究。
3)为了提高液力自动变速器的动力性能,着重对液力自动变速器中行星齿轮机构作为研究对象,对其行星机构中齿轮的啮合传动效率进行分析研究,推导了各自的计算公式,对变速器行星机构的升速、减速的传动效率进行分析研究。
4)在液力自动变速器机械传动中根据各种不同的约束条件,以及行星机构传动效率的计算公式,对2K-H型行星齿轮机构的传动设计进行优化,从而提高行星机构在自动变速器中的传动效率。
Automatic transmission can give automobile comfortable driving and gear shifting,smooth starting and convenient operation . It is a very important Invention in the development of transmission technology for vehicle. Planetary gear-box is widely used in AT for its many virtues. Automatic transmission meanly use hydraulic torque converter and planetary gear-box, which is called hydraulic automatic transmission (AT). It can power transmission, realize shifting and larger torque converter area, which also has reverse and empty gear shift, large shifting ratio, comfortable operation and small volume. The fatal weakness of AT is the low efficiency which is obviouslylower than manual transmission. It’s the product of efficiency for planetary gear-box and hydraulic torque converter.
For trying to improve hydraulic automatic transmission, and improve the transmission efficiency of dynamic performance, this paper mainly to hydraulic transmission planet gear mechanism as the research object, its transmission principle, transmission scheme, the transmission efficiency are analyzed, and the planetary gear transmission part design research institutions. The research content as follows:
1) according to the commonly used planetary gear shift agencies of automatic transmission characteristics of a dual planetary platoon type 4 files Simpson type automatic transmission as the research object. And analyzes it in each gear power transmission line when.
2) according to the automatic transmission gear planets in the variable speed characteristic, take 2 k-h type planetary gear mechanism as the research object, the paper analyzes the different transmission scheme, to a different transmission ratio, different braking torque transmission efficiency and were analyzed.
3) in order to improve the dynamic properties of hydraulic automatic transmission, focuses on the hydraulic automatic transmission gear planets in as the research object, the institutions of the planet gear meshing transmission efficiency are analyzed, the calculation formula is their planet mechanism of transmission, the acc, slowing down the transmission efficiency were analyzed.
4) in hydraulic automatic transmission mechanical transmission in according to different kinds of constraint conditions, as well as the planet mechanism, and the calculation formula of the transmission efficiency of 2 k-h type planetary gear transmission design optimization, so as to improve the planet mechanism in the automatic transmission transmission efficiency.
引文
[1]朱经昌,魏宸官,郑慕侨,等.车辆液力传动(上、下)[M].国防工业出版社,1982
[2]林平.新型汽车自动变速器结构、原理、检修.[M]福州:福建科学技术出版社,1997
[3]过学讯.汽车自动变速器[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[4]徐向阳,刘艳芳,姬芬竹,等.自动变速器技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011
[5]宋福昌.电控液力自动变速器的机构和维修[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[6]葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[7]万耀青,刘太来.行星变速箱方案选择理论与优化[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[8]黄宗益.现代轿车自动变速器原理与设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2006
[9]饶振刚.行星传动机构设计.第二版[M].国防工业出版社,1994
[10] B.H.库德里亚夫采夫.行星齿轮传动手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986
[11]马从谦.渐开线行星齿轮传动设计[M].机械工业出版社,1987
[12]陈立周.机械优化设计方法(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001
[13]齿轮手册编委会.齿轮手册(上册)[M].机械工业出版社,1990:8-136
[14] Ishibashi.A,Sonod.K,and Maenosono.k. Comparision of Speed Increase and Speed Reduction of Differential Gear Drive.Trans. JSME,Vol.62,No.594,1996
[15] Akira Ishibashi,Keiji Sonoda,and Shoichi Isami. Theoretical Efficiencies of Planetary Gear Drives for Speed Increase and Reduction With Experimental Verification. Proceedings of the 7th International Power Transmission And Gearing Conferences,DE-Vol.89
[16] Yang.D.C.H and Blanche J.G. Mech.Mach.[J].Theory Vol.25,1990(5):487-501.
[17] Blanche J.G. and Yang.D.C.H. Trans.ASME.[J].Mech.Transm.Automn,1989(6):346-349
[18] Kerttula M,Salmela M,Heikkinen M.Virtual Reality Prototyping-a Framework of the Development of Electronics and Telecommunications Product[M].Proceedings of 8th IEEE international Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping,1997
[19]张秦岭,陆华忠,罗锡文.汽车自动变速器原理与检修[M].广东科技出版社,1999
[20] (美)J.厄尔贾维克.汽车自动变速器与变速驱动桥[M].机械工业出版社,1998
[21]徐安,乔向明.汽车自动变速器结构原理与使用检修[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[22]李兴华,黄宗益.轿车自动变速器机械传动部分基本分析方法[M].上海汽车,1999,000(005)
[23]过学迅.汽车自动变速器——结构.原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[24]吴序堂.齿轮啮合原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[25]张国瑞,张展.行星传动技术[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1989
[26]杜乃磐,郭惠昕,张龙庭.功率循环型复合行星齿轮机构效率算法的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2001,14(1):39-41
[27]尹力. 2K-H行星传动参数优化的研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,1994,13(5):97-102
[28]朱景.渐开线齿轮变位系数的选择(修订本)[J].北京:人民教育出版社,1982:50-98
[29]杜乃磐,郭惠昕,张龙庭.功率循环型复合行星齿轮机构效率算法的研究.机械研究与应用,2001,14(1):39-41
[30]陈立周.机械优化设计方法(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001
[31]吕云昭,陈文鹭.关于渐开线直齿轮变速传动啮合效率的计算[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,1999,14(2):68-75
[32]杨平.轮系传动啮合效率计算方法探讨[J].现代机械.,1998(1):6-15
[33] Dimitar Karaivanor,Kiril Amaudor. Engineering Analysis of the Coupled Two-Carrier Planetary Gearing Through the Lever Analogy.ICMT-2001,4
[34]段钦华.行星齿轮变速器的运动分析与效率计算[J].机械科学与技术,2001,20(4):534-535
[35]张宾等.闭式行星传动效率计算公式的研究[J].机械传动,1998(2)
[36]贾宝贵等.计算2K-H型行星轮系效率的简便公式[J].机械设计,1992(1)
[37]张展,朱景梓,秦立高.渐开线内啮合圆柱齿轮传动[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991
[38]赵亮.斜齿齿轮泵流量输出特性分析[J].大连铁道学院学报,1999,20(1)
[39]刘白,汪大鹏.齿轮传动效率的实验研究[J].机械工程学报,2001,37(1)
[40]王述彦,马鹏飞. 2K-H型行星齿轮系传动的优化设计[J].建筑机械化,2002(5)
[41]黄振锋.圆柱齿轮传动最优化设计及其参数化CAD[J].广西:广西机械.,1996,4:20-24
[42]宋振寰.汽车离合器和变速器的失效分析及其参数优化[C].大连:大连理工大学,2003:21-22
[43]王琼英.差动轮系效率计算的简便方法及其应用[J].机械科学与设计,1994,2
[44]叶元烈.机械优化理论与设计[M].中国计量出版社,2001
[45]卢永扬,石敏. 2K-H(NGW)型直齿行星齿轮传动的优化设计[J].机械设计造,2002(2):21-24
[46]杨建明,张策等,行星齿轮传动动力学特性研究进展[J].航空动力学报,2003,(4):299-304
[47]袁敏,李润方,林建德.行星齿轮系统的运动分析及力学仿真[M].机械传动,2006,30(5):17-19
[48]林建德.基于图论的3K行星齿轮系传动效率分析[M].机械设计与研究,2004,10:39-41
[49] Johnson R. CAD and optimization of compound planetary gears. The int,symp,on gearing andpower transmission,1987
[50] ISO14040:1997(E). Enviromental management-Life cycle assessment-Principles and framework International standard Organization[S]
[51]从晓霞.论齿轮传动的发展[J].河南职技师院学报,1999,27(4):54-67
[2]林平.新型汽车自动变速器结构、原理、检修.[M]福州:福建科学技术出版社,1997
[3]过学讯.汽车自动变速器[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[4]徐向阳,刘艳芳,姬芬竹,等.自动变速器技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011
[5]宋福昌.电控液力自动变速器的机构和维修[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[6]葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[7]万耀青,刘太来.行星变速箱方案选择理论与优化[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[8]黄宗益.现代轿车自动变速器原理与设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2006
[9]饶振刚.行星传动机构设计.第二版[M].国防工业出版社,1994
[10] B.H.库德里亚夫采夫.行星齿轮传动手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986
[11]马从谦.渐开线行星齿轮传动设计[M].机械工业出版社,1987
[12]陈立周.机械优化设计方法(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001
[13]齿轮手册编委会.齿轮手册(上册)[M].机械工业出版社,1990:8-136
[14] Ishibashi.A,Sonod.K,and Maenosono.k. Comparision of Speed Increase and Speed Reduction of Differential Gear Drive.Trans. JSME,Vol.62,No.594,1996
[15] Akira Ishibashi,Keiji Sonoda,and Shoichi Isami. Theoretical Efficiencies of Planetary Gear Drives for Speed Increase and Reduction With Experimental Verification. Proceedings of the 7th International Power Transmission And Gearing Conferences,DE-Vol.89
[16] Yang.D.C.H and Blanche J.G. Mech.Mach.[J].Theory Vol.25,1990(5):487-501.
[17] Blanche J.G. and Yang.D.C.H. Trans.ASME.[J].Mech.Transm.Automn,1989(6):346-349
[18] Kerttula M,Salmela M,Heikkinen M.Virtual Reality Prototyping-a Framework of the Development of Electronics and Telecommunications Product[M].Proceedings of 8th IEEE international Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping,1997
[19]张秦岭,陆华忠,罗锡文.汽车自动变速器原理与检修[M].广东科技出版社,1999
[20] (美)J.厄尔贾维克.汽车自动变速器与变速驱动桥[M].机械工业出版社,1998
[21]徐安,乔向明.汽车自动变速器结构原理与使用检修[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[22]李兴华,黄宗益.轿车自动变速器机械传动部分基本分析方法[M].上海汽车,1999,000(005)
[23]过学迅.汽车自动变速器——结构.原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[24]吴序堂.齿轮啮合原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982
[25]张国瑞,张展.行星传动技术[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1989
[26]杜乃磐,郭惠昕,张龙庭.功率循环型复合行星齿轮机构效率算法的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2001,14(1):39-41
[27]尹力. 2K-H行星传动参数优化的研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,1994,13(5):97-102
[28]朱景.渐开线齿轮变位系数的选择(修订本)[J].北京:人民教育出版社,1982:50-98
[29]杜乃磐,郭惠昕,张龙庭.功率循环型复合行星齿轮机构效率算法的研究.机械研究与应用,2001,14(1):39-41
[30]陈立周.机械优化设计方法(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001
[31]吕云昭,陈文鹭.关于渐开线直齿轮变速传动啮合效率的计算[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,1999,14(2):68-75
[32]杨平.轮系传动啮合效率计算方法探讨[J].现代机械.,1998(1):6-15
[33] Dimitar Karaivanor,Kiril Amaudor. Engineering Analysis of the Coupled Two-Carrier Planetary Gearing Through the Lever Analogy.ICMT-2001,4
[34]段钦华.行星齿轮变速器的运动分析与效率计算[J].机械科学与技术,2001,20(4):534-535
[35]张宾等.闭式行星传动效率计算公式的研究[J].机械传动,1998(2)
[36]贾宝贵等.计算2K-H型行星轮系效率的简便公式[J].机械设计,1992(1)
[37]张展,朱景梓,秦立高.渐开线内啮合圆柱齿轮传动[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991
[38]赵亮.斜齿齿轮泵流量输出特性分析[J].大连铁道学院学报,1999,20(1)
[39]刘白,汪大鹏.齿轮传动效率的实验研究[J].机械工程学报,2001,37(1)
[40]王述彦,马鹏飞. 2K-H型行星齿轮系传动的优化设计[J].建筑机械化,2002(5)
[41]黄振锋.圆柱齿轮传动最优化设计及其参数化CAD[J].广西:广西机械.,1996,4:20-24
[42]宋振寰.汽车离合器和变速器的失效分析及其参数优化[C].大连:大连理工大学,2003:21-22
[43]王琼英.差动轮系效率计算的简便方法及其应用[J].机械科学与设计,1994,2
[44]叶元烈.机械优化理论与设计[M].中国计量出版社,2001
[45]卢永扬,石敏. 2K-H(NGW)型直齿行星齿轮传动的优化设计[J].机械设计造,2002(2):21-24
[46]杨建明,张策等,行星齿轮传动动力学特性研究进展[J].航空动力学报,2003,(4):299-304
[47]袁敏,李润方,林建德.行星齿轮系统的运动分析及力学仿真[M].机械传动,2006,30(5):17-19
[48]林建德.基于图论的3K行星齿轮系传动效率分析[M].机械设计与研究,2004,10:39-41
[49] Johnson R. CAD and optimization of compound planetary gears. The int,symp,on gearing andpower transmission,1987
[50] ISO14040:1997(E). Enviromental management-Life cycle assessment-Principles and framework International standard Organization[S]
[51]从晓霞.论齿轮传动的发展[J].河南职技师院学报,1999,27(4):54-67