开关磁阻电机高性能位置检测技术研究
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摘要
开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM或SR电机)具有结构简单、成本低、控制灵活等优点,由其构成的调速系统(Switched Reluctance Motor Drive简称SRD)具有一般交、直流调速系统所没有的优点,所以目前逐渐形成SRD理论研究与实际应用并重的发展态势。位置检测是SRD系统必不可少的组成部分,而位置传感器的存在会降低SRD系统结构的可靠性,影响系统总体控制性能,因此研究如何实现间接位置检测、提高检测精度对开关磁阻电机驱动系统来说意义重大。
本文首先介绍了SR电机及其控制系统的发展历程及研究现状,分析了SR电机间接位置检测技术的研究方法及发展趋势,对间接位置检测方法进行了综述。
通过分析SR电机的结构和运行原理、研究SR电机绕组的线性电感模型和非线性电感模型,建立了基于电机结构的非线性数学模型,进行了相应的仿真实验分析。
利用电机的固有信息间接确定转子位置,提出基于模糊模型的转子位置估算方法,建立了开关磁阻电机模糊非线性模型,对转子位置估算中的噪声、误差及估算模型的鲁棒性进行了分析,研究了模糊模型的优化及位置估算精度提高方法。仿真实验表明该位置估算方法实时性好,抗干扰能力强,鲁棒性好。
间接位置检测算法实施过程要求占用存储空间尽量小、速度快、少占用CPU资源。本文设计采用Cyclone系列可编程逻辑器件FPGA实现位置检测算法,使用高速A/D进行信号检测转换,采用流水线优化技术以提高工作速度,编制了各个子程序模块以及顶层文件,实验仿真验证了算法的有效性、实时性。
最后,设计了SRM的功率变换器,并以TI公司的TMS320F2407DSP为核心,设计了系统控制器。在该实验系统上,进行了开关磁阻电机的实验研究。
Switched reluctance motor is short for SRM. There are many excellences on SRM, such as structure simpleness, cost low, control flexibility and so on. The switched reluctance motor drive (SRD) system has advantages which AC and DC control systems have not. So the SRD has been formed with the development trend that people is paying equal attention to both theoretical study and practical application. The introduction of position sensor will lower reliability, impact the overall performance of SRD system. It is significant for SRD system to research how to achieve indirect position detection and improve the detection accuracy.
This paper introduces the development process and research actuality of the SR motor and SRD system. It also analyzes the research method and the development trend of indirect position detection technology for SR motor. There is summarization on indirect position detection methods.
By analyzing SR motor structure and operation principles and researching linear and nonlinear inductance model of SR motor windings, the paper founds the nonlinear mathematical model based on the motor structure. It also does the corresponding simulation analysis.
The paper confirms rotor position indirectly using the inherent motor information, brings forward rotor position estimation method based on the fuzzy model and establishes SRM fuzzy nonlinear model. It analyzes noise, error and model robustness in the process of rotor position estimation. The author introduces methods of optimizing the fuzzy model and improving the position estimation precision. The simulation result shows that the position estimation method possesses good real time, strong anti-jamming capability and good robustness.
The implementation process of indirect position detection algorithm requires memory space as small as possible, faster speed and less CPU resources. This paper implements position detection algorithm adopting programmable logic device FPGA of CYCLONE series. It uses high-speed A/D for signal conversion, and introduces the pipelining optimization techniques to improve work speed. The paper validates validity, real time of the algorithm through each sub-module and the top document simulations.
Finally, it designs the SRM power converters and the system controller with TI Company’s TMS320F24DSP as the core. The paper studies SRM on the experimental system.
本文首先介绍了SR电机及其控制系统的发展历程及研究现状,分析了SR电机间接位置检测技术的研究方法及发展趋势,对间接位置检测方法进行了综述。
通过分析SR电机的结构和运行原理、研究SR电机绕组的线性电感模型和非线性电感模型,建立了基于电机结构的非线性数学模型,进行了相应的仿真实验分析。
利用电机的固有信息间接确定转子位置,提出基于模糊模型的转子位置估算方法,建立了开关磁阻电机模糊非线性模型,对转子位置估算中的噪声、误差及估算模型的鲁棒性进行了分析,研究了模糊模型的优化及位置估算精度提高方法。仿真实验表明该位置估算方法实时性好,抗干扰能力强,鲁棒性好。
间接位置检测算法实施过程要求占用存储空间尽量小、速度快、少占用CPU资源。本文设计采用Cyclone系列可编程逻辑器件FPGA实现位置检测算法,使用高速A/D进行信号检测转换,采用流水线优化技术以提高工作速度,编制了各个子程序模块以及顶层文件,实验仿真验证了算法的有效性、实时性。
最后,设计了SRM的功率变换器,并以TI公司的TMS320F2407DSP为核心,设计了系统控制器。在该实验系统上,进行了开关磁阻电机的实验研究。
Switched reluctance motor is short for SRM. There are many excellences on SRM, such as structure simpleness, cost low, control flexibility and so on. The switched reluctance motor drive (SRD) system has advantages which AC and DC control systems have not. So the SRD has been formed with the development trend that people is paying equal attention to both theoretical study and practical application. The introduction of position sensor will lower reliability, impact the overall performance of SRD system. It is significant for SRD system to research how to achieve indirect position detection and improve the detection accuracy.
This paper introduces the development process and research actuality of the SR motor and SRD system. It also analyzes the research method and the development trend of indirect position detection technology for SR motor. There is summarization on indirect position detection methods.
By analyzing SR motor structure and operation principles and researching linear and nonlinear inductance model of SR motor windings, the paper founds the nonlinear mathematical model based on the motor structure. It also does the corresponding simulation analysis.
The paper confirms rotor position indirectly using the inherent motor information, brings forward rotor position estimation method based on the fuzzy model and establishes SRM fuzzy nonlinear model. It analyzes noise, error and model robustness in the process of rotor position estimation. The author introduces methods of optimizing the fuzzy model and improving the position estimation precision. The simulation result shows that the position estimation method possesses good real time, strong anti-jamming capability and good robustness.
The implementation process of indirect position detection algorithm requires memory space as small as possible, faster speed and less CPU resources. This paper implements position detection algorithm adopting programmable logic device FPGA of CYCLONE series. It uses high-speed A/D for signal conversion, and introduces the pipelining optimization techniques to improve work speed. The paper validates validity, real time of the algorithm through each sub-module and the top document simulations.
Finally, it designs the SRM power converters and the system controller with TI Company’s TMS320F24DSP as the core. The paper studies SRM on the experimental system.
引文
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