爆磁压缩磁频率发生器研究
|
摘要
爆磁压缩磁频率发生器(EMGF)是一种利用爆磁压缩发生器(EMCG)装置直接驱动电容负载的宽带辐射装置。通过炸药爆炸驱动电枢压缩磁场,将炸药能转化成电磁能,并在回路中形成LCR振荡,再通过天线(或是自身螺线管)辐射出去。EMGF作为一种直接驱动器件,其体积小、重量轻、成本及运行费用较低,据一些文献报道,它能够产生宽带甚至超宽带的电磁辐射。本文从理论和实验两个方面对直接馈电型和间接馈电型EMGF进行了初步研究。
在理论上,分析了EMGF的等效电路模型,从原理上阐明了EMGF产生电流振荡的过程。分析计算了EMGF运行过程中的各种损耗并说明在设计过程中应采取的措施。对装置的电感、电阻等参数进行了计算,计算中将非欧姆损耗等效为欧姆损耗。通过PSpice模拟软件对装置运行过程中的电路进行仿真,得到了馈电电流、负载电流、负载电压等输出参数的模拟结果,结果与实验基本相符。
在实验上,根据前人经验和理论计算,设计加工了两种类型的EMGF。改进了实验条件和测量系统,特别是建立和完善了宽带辐射测量系统并成功应用于实验,多次实验证明实验环境安全、延时控制准确、充放电系统稳定、测量系统可靠。设计和试验了几种EMGF装置,分为直接馈电和间接馈电两种,其中间接馈电装置分别采用了23 nF和10 pF的电容负载,直接馈电装置的电容负载为10 pF。所有装置的外直径约为130 mm,长度约为200 mm。
两种类型的EMGF都测量到了与相关文献中形状类似的波形,两种装置运行时间约为25μs,负载电流和辐射振荡时间约为15μs。典型的间接馈电EMGF实验中,储能电容器充电2 kV,负载电流的最大值为2.2 A,在距离装置10 m处得到辐射场强最大值约为598 V/m,辐射的振荡频率都12.5 MHz范围内。直接馈电EMGF储能电容器充电3 kV,得到输出负载电流最大值约为0.8 A,在距离装置10 m处得到辐射场强最大值约为209 V/m,辐射振荡频率在12.5 MHz范围之内。其峰值电流和峰值辐射场强比间接馈电EMGF小。
两种EMGF器件性能稳定、可靠,重复性好,验证了EMGF能够产生“鱼形”波形宽带电磁辐射,宽带辐射的频率范围和场强幅值同国内外的部分文献报道结果基本一致,同时还发现了较大负载电容能够引起新的EMGF高频辐射机制。下一步需要开展更多的理论和实验研究。
Explosive magnetic generator of frequency (EMGF) is a kind of wideband radiation device in which explosive magnetic compression generator (EMCG) is used to drive a capacitive load directly. By means of exploding the explosive to drive the armature to compress the magnetic field, the energy of the explosive is transformed to electromagnetic energy, and LCR oscillation is formed in the circuit, and then radiated into the space by antenna or solenoid in itself. As a kind of directly drived device, EMGF is small, light and low cost, at the same time, wideband and ultra wideband frequency radiations could be generated by EMGFs according to some references. Some basic theoretical and experimental researches are carried out on direct feeding and indirect feeding EMGFs,
In theory,the equivalent circuit model of EMGF is applied to explain the physical process of EMGF generating the current oscillations. All kinds of loss during the operation of EMGF are analysed and calculated and the measures to decreace these loss when desiging the devece are given. The parameters of the device such as inductance and the resistance of the EMGF are calculated. In calculation,the non-ohmic loss is equivalent to ohmic loss and shown as an equivalent resistance in the circuit.The circuit during the running period is simulated by PSpice, and the feeding current, load current and the load voltage are obtained by simulations, and the results agree with the experimental results basically.
In experiment,two kinds of EMGF are made according to the experiences and the theoretical calculations. The experimental environment and the measuring system are improved,especially the measuring system of wideband radiation is built and improved, Every system is used in the experiments successfully,the experimental environment is proved safe,the time-controling system is precise, the initial source is stable and the measuring system is reliable. Several EMGFs are designed and tested in this paper, including direct and indirect feeding ones. For the indirect feeding apparatus, 23 nF and 10 pF capacitive loads are used respectively, and a 10 pF load is applied in the direct feeding apparatus. All these EMGFs have ~130mm diameter and ~200mm length. The experimental waveforms similar to the waveforms reported in other papers are detected in both of the two kinds of EMGF experiments. The operation time of the two kinds of devices is ~ 25μs, and the oscillation time of the load current and the spatial radiation is ~15μs. In the typical indirect feeding EMGF experiment, the voltage of the charging capacitor is charged to 2 kV, and the maximum load current is 2.2 A, and the maximum electric field of the radiation detected 10 m away from the device is 598 V/m, and the frequency of the spatial radiation is within 12.5 MHz. In the direct feeding EMGF experiment, the voltage of the charging capacitor is charged to 3 kV, and the maximum load current is 0.8 A, and the maximum electric field of the radiation detected 10 m away from the device is 209 V/m, and the frequency of the spatial radiation is within 12.5 MHz. The maximium load current and the radiation electric field of the direct feeding EMGF is less than these of the indirect feeding EMGF.
The outputs of the two kinds of EMGF are stable, and the fact that EMGFs can generate“fish”shape wideband electromagnetic waveforms is proved, wideband radiation frequency range and electric field are similar with the typical experimental results home and abroad. A new mechanism of generating wideband radiation by using a capacitor with high-capacity in EMGF is found. More theoretical and experimental researches are needed in the future.
在理论上,分析了EMGF的等效电路模型,从原理上阐明了EMGF产生电流振荡的过程。分析计算了EMGF运行过程中的各种损耗并说明在设计过程中应采取的措施。对装置的电感、电阻等参数进行了计算,计算中将非欧姆损耗等效为欧姆损耗。通过PSpice模拟软件对装置运行过程中的电路进行仿真,得到了馈电电流、负载电流、负载电压等输出参数的模拟结果,结果与实验基本相符。
在实验上,根据前人经验和理论计算,设计加工了两种类型的EMGF。改进了实验条件和测量系统,特别是建立和完善了宽带辐射测量系统并成功应用于实验,多次实验证明实验环境安全、延时控制准确、充放电系统稳定、测量系统可靠。设计和试验了几种EMGF装置,分为直接馈电和间接馈电两种,其中间接馈电装置分别采用了23 nF和10 pF的电容负载,直接馈电装置的电容负载为10 pF。所有装置的外直径约为130 mm,长度约为200 mm。
两种类型的EMGF都测量到了与相关文献中形状类似的波形,两种装置运行时间约为25μs,负载电流和辐射振荡时间约为15μs。典型的间接馈电EMGF实验中,储能电容器充电2 kV,负载电流的最大值为2.2 A,在距离装置10 m处得到辐射场强最大值约为598 V/m,辐射的振荡频率都12.5 MHz范围内。直接馈电EMGF储能电容器充电3 kV,得到输出负载电流最大值约为0.8 A,在距离装置10 m处得到辐射场强最大值约为209 V/m,辐射振荡频率在12.5 MHz范围之内。其峰值电流和峰值辐射场强比间接馈电EMGF小。
两种EMGF器件性能稳定、可靠,重复性好,验证了EMGF能够产生“鱼形”波形宽带电磁辐射,宽带辐射的频率范围和场强幅值同国内外的部分文献报道结果基本一致,同时还发现了较大负载电容能够引起新的EMGF高频辐射机制。下一步需要开展更多的理论和实验研究。
Explosive magnetic generator of frequency (EMGF) is a kind of wideband radiation device in which explosive magnetic compression generator (EMCG) is used to drive a capacitive load directly. By means of exploding the explosive to drive the armature to compress the magnetic field, the energy of the explosive is transformed to electromagnetic energy, and LCR oscillation is formed in the circuit, and then radiated into the space by antenna or solenoid in itself. As a kind of directly drived device, EMGF is small, light and low cost, at the same time, wideband and ultra wideband frequency radiations could be generated by EMGFs according to some references. Some basic theoretical and experimental researches are carried out on direct feeding and indirect feeding EMGFs,
In theory,the equivalent circuit model of EMGF is applied to explain the physical process of EMGF generating the current oscillations. All kinds of loss during the operation of EMGF are analysed and calculated and the measures to decreace these loss when desiging the devece are given. The parameters of the device such as inductance and the resistance of the EMGF are calculated. In calculation,the non-ohmic loss is equivalent to ohmic loss and shown as an equivalent resistance in the circuit.The circuit during the running period is simulated by PSpice, and the feeding current, load current and the load voltage are obtained by simulations, and the results agree with the experimental results basically.
In experiment,two kinds of EMGF are made according to the experiences and the theoretical calculations. The experimental environment and the measuring system are improved,especially the measuring system of wideband radiation is built and improved, Every system is used in the experiments successfully,the experimental environment is proved safe,the time-controling system is precise, the initial source is stable and the measuring system is reliable. Several EMGFs are designed and tested in this paper, including direct and indirect feeding ones. For the indirect feeding apparatus, 23 nF and 10 pF capacitive loads are used respectively, and a 10 pF load is applied in the direct feeding apparatus. All these EMGFs have ~130mm diameter and ~200mm length. The experimental waveforms similar to the waveforms reported in other papers are detected in both of the two kinds of EMGF experiments. The operation time of the two kinds of devices is ~ 25μs, and the oscillation time of the load current and the spatial radiation is ~15μs. In the typical indirect feeding EMGF experiment, the voltage of the charging capacitor is charged to 2 kV, and the maximum load current is 2.2 A, and the maximum electric field of the radiation detected 10 m away from the device is 598 V/m, and the frequency of the spatial radiation is within 12.5 MHz. In the direct feeding EMGF experiment, the voltage of the charging capacitor is charged to 3 kV, and the maximum load current is 0.8 A, and the maximum electric field of the radiation detected 10 m away from the device is 209 V/m, and the frequency of the spatial radiation is within 12.5 MHz. The maximium load current and the radiation electric field of the direct feeding EMGF is less than these of the indirect feeding EMGF.
The outputs of the two kinds of EMGF are stable, and the fact that EMGFs can generate“fish”shape wideband electromagnetic waveforms is proved, wideband radiation frequency range and electric field are similar with the typical experimental results home and abroad. A new mechanism of generating wideband radiation by using a capacitor with high-capacity in EMGF is found. More theoretical and experimental researches are needed in the future.
引文
[1] A.B.Prishepenko and V.V.Kiseljov,Radio Frequency Weapons in Future Battlefield,Proceedings of EUROEM,1994 .
[2] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, The Work of The Implosive Type Generator With Capacitive, Central Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics,Moscow,Russia, MG-VII,304~307
[3] Heinz Knoepfel. Pulsed high magnetic fields. Amsterdam-London: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1970, 69~7
[4] L.L.Altgilbers,M.D.J.Brown,I.Grishnaev,B.M.Novac,I.R.Smith,I.Tkach,Y.Tkach, Magnetocumulative generators
[5]姜泽辉,赵海发,曲伟,张宇民,张冬梅,姜久兴,韩杰才,爆炸磁频率发生器的等效电路分析,哈尔滨工业大学复合材料与结构研究所,电波科学学报,2005,193~196
[6] A.B.Prishepenko,A.A.Barmin and O.E.Melnik,Microwave Emissions by Overcritical Magnetic Field Penetration into the Super-cinductive Cylinder,Preprint,1996
[7] L.Altgilbers,I.Merritt,M.Brown,Compact Explosive Driven Sources of Microwaves:Test Results,FL,USA,1998, MG-VIII,438~445
[8] A.B.Prishepenko,A.B.Zhitnikov,Microwave Ammunitions:SUMM CRIQUE,in Proceedings of AMREM 96,Albuquerque,1996
[9] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, Dissipative and Diffusion Losses in Helical EMG with Capacitive Loads. Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation Pulsed Power Applications (Ed.M.Cowan and R.B.Spielman). N.Y.Nova Sci.Publ., 1994,667-670.
[10] Barmin,A.A., Prishepenko, A. B.,Compression of a Magnetic Field in a Single Cyrstal by a Strong Converging Ionizing Shock Wave,in Megagauss Field Generator and Pulsed Power Applications,New York,1994,35~40
[11] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, Dissipative and Diffusion Losses in Helical EMG with Capacitive Loads. Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation Pulsed Power Applications (Ed.M.Cowan and R.B.Spielman). N.Y.Nova Sci.Publ., 1994, 667-670.
[12] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, Energy Balance By Explosively Driven Loop Frequency Generator Operation, NIIRC“Sirius”,Moscow,Russia,MG-Ⅸ.214~216
[13]龚兴根,谢卫平,蔡明亮,吴杏梅,刘正芳,孙奇志,8-4型高电压锥形螺旋爆炸磁通量压缩装置,中物院流体物理研究研究所,爆轰波与冲击波.1997年第4期
[14]杨汉武,爆磁压缩发生器及其脉冲功率调制研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2002
[15] P.Tracy,L.L.Altgilber,M.Brown,I.Merritt, Inductive Electromagnetic Field Generator, MG-VII,309~313
[16] Altgilbers L.L. Onoochin V V. Analysis of The Equivalent Circuit of Prishchepenko-type Spiral MCGs, 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference,1260~1263
[17] L.L.Altgilbers,I.Merritt,M.Brown,P,Trace, Semi-Empirical Model for the Resistance of Spiral Magnetocumulative Generator, MG-VIII,540~545
[18] F.Herlach and J.Phys .Explosive-driven energy generators with transformer coupling.E:Sci.Instrum.1979.P421-429
[19] B.Antoni and C.Nazet.Experimental and thoretical study of helical explosive current generators with magnetic field compression.Report CEA-R-4662,1975
[20] A.I.Pavlovskii,R.Z.Lyudaev and V.A.Zolotov,et al.Magnetic cumulation generator parameters and means to improve them.Proceedings of the Megagauss II.1979.P557-583
[21]王俞卫,陈冬群,张建德,曹胜光,李小林,李达,李术,一种螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器快速计算模型,强激光与粒子束,22卷12期,2010
[22] Kalantarov P.L. and Teitlin L.A. Inductance Calculations[M]. Bucharest: Tehnica, 1958
[23] P.Appelgren, N.Brenning, T.Hurtig et al. Modeling of a Small Helical MagneticFlux-Compression Generator[J]. IEEE Transactions on plasma science, 2008, 36(5)
[24] B.M. Novac, I. R. Smith. A Zero-Dimensional Computer Code for Helical Flux-Compression Generators[J]. Electromagnetic Phenomena, 2003, 3(4):12
[25] B.M. Novac, I. R. Smith. Fast numerical modeling of helical flux compression generators[J]. Megaguss-9, Moscow-St.-Petersburg, 2002, 7
[26]苏建河,焦清介,陈曦.螺线型爆磁压缩发生器工程计算[J].火工品,2005
[27] B.M. Novac, I. R. Smith, H. R. Stewardson et al. Design, construction and testing of explosive-driven helical generators[J]. J.Phys. D: Appl.Phys, 1995, 28:807-823
[28]陈冬群,动态级联型螺线管爆磁压缩发生器研究[博士论文],长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2005
[29]陈冬群,螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器实验技术研究[硕士论文].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,1999
[30] Malcolm Jones. an Equivalent Circuit Model of A Solenoid Compressed MagneticField Generator. Atomic Weapons Research Establishment Reading, United Kingdom
[31] P. A. Pincosy, D. K. Abe, J. B. Chase. Design of A High-gain Flux-compression Generator. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O.Box5505,L-324 Livermore, California 94550
[32] A.E.Binder, et al., Effects of Metallurgical Microstructure of Armatures on compressed Magnetic Field Generators. SAND-79-0890C
[33] F. Herlach, H. Knoepfel. Megagauss Fields Generated through Explosive Driven Flux compression Devices. Rev.Sci.Instr. 36: 108
[34] C. M. Fowler et al., LA-5890-MS, 1975
[35]李小林.高增益螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2009
[36]龚兴根,孙奇志,刘正芬等.爆磁压缩发生器可采用的小型便携式初级能源.鉴定会论文集. 2001
[37]贺元吉.一种亚ns级脉冲高电压的电容分压器[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报, Jun 2004,3(9)
[38]孙奇志,大电流爆炸磁通量压缩发生器的物理设计与实验研究[D].绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2008
[39]谢卫平,龚兴根,孙奇志.爆炸磁通量压缩发生器设计的几点考虑.强激光与粒子束.1998,10(2)
[2] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, The Work of The Implosive Type Generator With Capacitive, Central Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics,Moscow,Russia, MG-VII,304~307
[3] Heinz Knoepfel. Pulsed high magnetic fields. Amsterdam-London: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1970, 69~7
[4] L.L.Altgilbers,M.D.J.Brown,I.Grishnaev,B.M.Novac,I.R.Smith,I.Tkach,Y.Tkach, Magnetocumulative generators
[5]姜泽辉,赵海发,曲伟,张宇民,张冬梅,姜久兴,韩杰才,爆炸磁频率发生器的等效电路分析,哈尔滨工业大学复合材料与结构研究所,电波科学学报,2005,193~196
[6] A.B.Prishepenko,A.A.Barmin and O.E.Melnik,Microwave Emissions by Overcritical Magnetic Field Penetration into the Super-cinductive Cylinder,Preprint,1996
[7] L.Altgilbers,I.Merritt,M.Brown,Compact Explosive Driven Sources of Microwaves:Test Results,FL,USA,1998, MG-VIII,438~445
[8] A.B.Prishepenko,A.B.Zhitnikov,Microwave Ammunitions:SUMM CRIQUE,in Proceedings of AMREM 96,Albuquerque,1996
[9] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, Dissipative and Diffusion Losses in Helical EMG with Capacitive Loads. Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation Pulsed Power Applications (Ed.M.Cowan and R.B.Spielman). N.Y.Nova Sci.Publ., 1994,667-670.
[10] Barmin,A.A., Prishepenko, A. B.,Compression of a Magnetic Field in a Single Cyrstal by a Strong Converging Ionizing Shock Wave,in Megagauss Field Generator and Pulsed Power Applications,New York,1994,35~40
[11] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, Dissipative and Diffusion Losses in Helical EMG with Capacitive Loads. Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation Pulsed Power Applications (Ed.M.Cowan and R.B.Spielman). N.Y.Nova Sci.Publ., 1994, 667-670.
[12] A.B.Prishepenko,M.V.Shchelkachev, Energy Balance By Explosively Driven Loop Frequency Generator Operation, NIIRC“Sirius”,Moscow,Russia,MG-Ⅸ.214~216
[13]龚兴根,谢卫平,蔡明亮,吴杏梅,刘正芳,孙奇志,8-4型高电压锥形螺旋爆炸磁通量压缩装置,中物院流体物理研究研究所,爆轰波与冲击波.1997年第4期
[14]杨汉武,爆磁压缩发生器及其脉冲功率调制研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2002
[15] P.Tracy,L.L.Altgilber,M.Brown,I.Merritt, Inductive Electromagnetic Field Generator, MG-VII,309~313
[16] Altgilbers L.L. Onoochin V V. Analysis of The Equivalent Circuit of Prishchepenko-type Spiral MCGs, 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference,1260~1263
[17] L.L.Altgilbers,I.Merritt,M.Brown,P,Trace, Semi-Empirical Model for the Resistance of Spiral Magnetocumulative Generator, MG-VIII,540~545
[18] F.Herlach and J.Phys .Explosive-driven energy generators with transformer coupling.E:Sci.Instrum.1979.P421-429
[19] B.Antoni and C.Nazet.Experimental and thoretical study of helical explosive current generators with magnetic field compression.Report CEA-R-4662,1975
[20] A.I.Pavlovskii,R.Z.Lyudaev and V.A.Zolotov,et al.Magnetic cumulation generator parameters and means to improve them.Proceedings of the Megagauss II.1979.P557-583
[21]王俞卫,陈冬群,张建德,曹胜光,李小林,李达,李术,一种螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器快速计算模型,强激光与粒子束,22卷12期,2010
[22] Kalantarov P.L. and Teitlin L.A. Inductance Calculations[M]. Bucharest: Tehnica, 1958
[23] P.Appelgren, N.Brenning, T.Hurtig et al. Modeling of a Small Helical MagneticFlux-Compression Generator[J]. IEEE Transactions on plasma science, 2008, 36(5)
[24] B.M. Novac, I. R. Smith. A Zero-Dimensional Computer Code for Helical Flux-Compression Generators[J]. Electromagnetic Phenomena, 2003, 3(4):12
[25] B.M. Novac, I. R. Smith. Fast numerical modeling of helical flux compression generators[J]. Megaguss-9, Moscow-St.-Petersburg, 2002, 7
[26]苏建河,焦清介,陈曦.螺线型爆磁压缩发生器工程计算[J].火工品,2005
[27] B.M. Novac, I. R. Smith, H. R. Stewardson et al. Design, construction and testing of explosive-driven helical generators[J]. J.Phys. D: Appl.Phys, 1995, 28:807-823
[28]陈冬群,动态级联型螺线管爆磁压缩发生器研究[博士论文],长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2005
[29]陈冬群,螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器实验技术研究[硕士论文].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,1999
[30] Malcolm Jones. an Equivalent Circuit Model of A Solenoid Compressed MagneticField Generator. Atomic Weapons Research Establishment Reading, United Kingdom
[31] P. A. Pincosy, D. K. Abe, J. B. Chase. Design of A High-gain Flux-compression Generator. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O.Box5505,L-324 Livermore, California 94550
[32] A.E.Binder, et al., Effects of Metallurgical Microstructure of Armatures on compressed Magnetic Field Generators. SAND-79-0890C
[33] F. Herlach, H. Knoepfel. Megagauss Fields Generated through Explosive Driven Flux compression Devices. Rev.Sci.Instr. 36: 108
[34] C. M. Fowler et al., LA-5890-MS, 1975
[35]李小林.高增益螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2009
[36]龚兴根,孙奇志,刘正芬等.爆磁压缩发生器可采用的小型便携式初级能源.鉴定会论文集. 2001
[37]贺元吉.一种亚ns级脉冲高电压的电容分压器[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报, Jun 2004,3(9)
[38]孙奇志,大电流爆炸磁通量压缩发生器的物理设计与实验研究[D].绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2008
[39]谢卫平,龚兴根,孙奇志.爆炸磁通量压缩发生器设计的几点考虑.强激光与粒子束.1998,10(2)