厌氧—好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理果汁废水试验研究
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摘要
果汁加工业在给我国带来巨大的经济效益的同时,也带来了严峻的环境问题。目前,国内外关于果汁废水相关的研究报道和工程实例还较少。本文针对这一现状,在实验室建立了一种移动床生物膜反应器的小试模型,对果汁废水处理的新工艺及工艺优化进行研究,并提出可行的工艺和最佳的运行条件。
     本文研究并讨论了该法在高浓度果汁废水中应用的可行性,确定该工艺的最佳设计参数和控制条件,主要研究结果如下:
     1.考察了MBBR(moving bed biofilm reactor)的快速启动策略。采用间歇排泥法挂膜,3天即可看到好氧MBBR反应器内悬浮填料上有生物膜长出。2周后,生物膜生长成熟,生物膜浓度趋于稳定,维持在1.2g/L左右。厌氧MBBR反应器,启动2周后COD去除率也可达到60%。
     2.MBBR内微型动物优势种群的变化呈现一定的规律性,在驯化阶段观察到,游动型纤毛虫、红斑瓢体虫、轮虫及累枝钟虫、表壳虫,交替成为优势种群。
     3.对组合工艺运行了参数优化,结果如下:厌氧MBBR段,HRT为12h,DO在0.5mg/L以下,PH在5.5~7.5之间;好氧MBBR段,HRT为8h,DO在3~4mg/L之间,PH在6.8~7.2之间。在此工况下,系统出水可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)表4中的一级标准。此时,该工艺厌氧段有机容积负荷为6.99kgCOD/(m3·d),好氧段有机容积负荷为1.75kgCOD/(m3·d)。全工艺COD平均去除率96.9% ,SS平均去除率93.5%,BOD5平均去除率99.2%,各项指标的去除率较高,且运行比较稳定。
     实验结果表明,使用厌氧—好氧移动床生物膜反应器组合工艺处理高浓度果汁废水生物量大、生物链长、无剩余污泥、污染物去除率高、运行可靠、操作简单,在工艺上是完全可行的。
When the syrup processing industry brings the huge economic efficiency to our country, it brings serious environmental promblems as well. Currently, it’s hard to find any related report and particular engineering project of the syrup wastewater in either domestic or overseas. This paper has focused on this present situation: first, we established a small experimental mold of moving bed biofilm reactor in the lab; then, we studied the new treatment process of syrup wastewater disposal as well as improvement of the process. Finally, we decided the most effective way and the best running parameters.
     This paper has studied and discussed the application feasibility of this process in syrup wastewater. And decided which one was the best design and condition as well as its proper controlling parameters. The main research results are as follows:
     1. The efficient starting-up strategy of MBBR (moving bed biofilm reactor) has been inspected. After 3 days, with intermittent sludge-removal method, it could be found there was biofilm outgown from the bio-carrier of the aerobic MBBR reactor. Two weeks later, biofilm grew up maturely and the density of the biofilm tended to be stable, maintains about 1.2g/L. After 2 weeks, the removal efficiency of COD of the anaerobic MBBR reactor could reach up to 60% too.
     2. It was found that during the process of the acclimation stage, the dominant microbiota population was changing regularly: running ciliated protozoa, tubifex, ciliated protozoa, rotifers and vorticella, then arcella.
     3. The operation parameters of this combined process have been optimized. The experimental results that showed the optimal operation condition were: in the anaerobic MBBR section, HRT was 12 hours, DO was limited below 0.5mg/L and PH was about 5.5~7.5;in the aerobic MBBR,HRT was 8 hours, DO was between 3~4 mg/L and PH was between 6.8~7.2. Under this condition, the qualities of the effluent within this process could come to the first level of GB8978-1996. At this time, the optimum volumetric loading of the anaerobic section was 6.99kgCOD/(m3·d), and of the aerobic section was 1.75 kgCOD/(m3·d). During the whole process, the COD, SS and BOD5 removal efficiencies could respectively reach up to 96.9%, 93.5% and 99.2%. The removal efficiencies of these parameters achieved a high level and the system was working stably
     The results showed the facts that the success of using anaerobic-aerobic MBBR reactor in the treatment of high-density syrup wastewater was attributed to the high sludge concentration, long biological chain, no excess sludge, high rate of pollution removal dfficiency, reliable running and simple operation. Technically, it was completely feasible as well.
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